scholarly journals An Inquiry into Earning Management Motives: Evidence from Pakistani Distressed and Non-Distressed Firms

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-38
Author(s):  
Nida Aman ◽  
Farzand Ali Jan ◽  
Naeem Ullah ◽  
Ammara Mujtaba
Keyword(s):  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Earning Management ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Corporate World ◽  
Distressed Firms ◽  
Debt Covenant

This research takes in view the motives that drive opportunistic managers in the Pakistani corporate world to manipulate firm earnings in different financial circumstances by resorting to real (REM) and accrual (AEM) earning management to reap their self-interests. The present study undertakes 188 distressed and 37 non-distressed firms for the sample period of 2010-2017. The summary stats confirm that both in distressed and non-distressed firms’ managers resort to REM practices more than AEM. The factors that urge mangers to take REM practices in distressed firms i.e., debt covenant restriction, managerial ownership and tax avoidance needs to be amended in such a way that it demotivates managers for carrying such practices in distressed firms. The factors that influence AEM practices in distressed firms are debt covenant restrictions, institutional ownership, highly valued firms and managerial ownership whereas in non-distressed firm these factors are debt covenant and effective tax rate. In non-distressed firms motives that urge mangers to adopt REM, practices are raising additional capital and tax avoidance practices.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KARAKERISTIK PERUSAHAAN DAN STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK / TAX AVOIDANCE PADA PERUSAHAAN BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR PADA BEI TAHUN 2013-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
Arviyanti Arviyanti ◽  
Enong Muiz
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Effect

This study was conducted to determine empirical evidence of the influence of company characteristics and ownership structure on tax avoidance / tax avoidance in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2013-2016. The samples used were 15 companies for 4 years so the total sample of 60 company data. Analysis of the data used is GLS (General Least Square) with the help of Eviews version 9. For independent variables, variable company characteristics are proxied on profitability (Return on Assets / ROA), leverage (Debt to Equity Ratio / DER), company size (Size) , capital intensity (Capital Intensity Ratio / CIR). The ownership structure variable is proxied to managerial ownership (OWNMANAG) and institutional ownership (OWNINS). As for the dependent variable tax avoidance is proxied at the effective tax rate (ETR / Effective Tax Rate). The results of this study are the influence of company characteristics which are proxied on ROA, DER, Size, CIR, only ROA which has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance. DER and Size have no significant negative effect, while and CIR have positive but not significant effect on tax avoidance. Effect of Proposed Ownership Structure on managerial ownership does not have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance and institutional ownership does not have a significant negative effect on tax avoidance

scholarly journals PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE DAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PERENCANAAN PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2014-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Indah Rahmadini ◽  
Nita Erika Ariani
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate

This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, leverage, and corporate governance on tax planning. The independent variables used in this study are profitability, leverage, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, independent commissioners and audit committees. While the dependent variable in this study is tax planning.Tax planning in this study the measured of Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The population in this study are manufacturing companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period 2014-2017. Determination of samples in this study using purposive sampling method. There are 45 manufacturing companies listed on BEI used as research samples based on predetermined criteria. The results showed that profitability, leverage, managerial ownership, independent commissioners and audit committees had a significant effect on tax planning. Meanwhile institutional ownership has no significant effect on tax planning

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGHINDARAN PAJAK TERHADAP BIAYA HUTANG DAN KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL SEBAGAI PEMODERASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
FAHREZA UTAMA ◽  
DWI JAYA KIRANA ◽  
KORNEL SITANGGANG
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Section Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to test the influence of tax avoidance towards the cost of debt moderated by institutional ownership. In this research, tax avoidance measured by proxy of Book Tax Different (BTD) and Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The population in this research is manufacturing firms that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with 2015-2017 time periods. The amount of sample before outlier is 198 datas collected with purposive sampling method, then the amount of sample after outlier is 187 datas for first model and 186 datas for second model. Cross section data is used in this research. Multiple linear regression, determination coefficients, and partial test (t-test) is used with some help of programming data using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) 23th version to analize in this research. The result of this study indicate tax avoidance has not significant influence towards the cost of debt, and institutional ownership can’t moderate the relationship between tax avoidance and the cost of debt.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMISARIS ASING DAN DIREKSI ASING TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-504
Author(s):  
Tyasha Ayu Melinda Sari
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Dividend Payout ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Foreign Directors ◽  
The Capital Structure

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the influence of the Foreign Commissioner and the Foreign Directors on the Capital Structure. Determination of the sample in this study using a purposive sampling method. Based on the sampling criteria obtained as many as 6 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2012-2016, so the number of samples in this study was 31 observations. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) tools. The results showed that foreign directors and commissioners had a significant effect on capital structure. This happens because the company will maintain funding conditions that can endanger operational activities and the company's sustainability. Foreign commissioners and foreign directors who have broader scientific expertise can be utilized by the company when implementing its expansion movement from a variety of strategic market share so that it has more ability and knowledge to conduct oversight and policy making by managerial. This study also uses control variables namely Growth of Sales (Growth), Effective Tax Rate (ETR), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Managerial Ownership (KM), and Institutional Ownership (IC). The results show that only the variable but only the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) has a significant effect on the Capital Structure, and the Sales Growth (Growth), Effective Tax Rate (ETR), Managerial Ownership (KM), and Institutional Ownership (KI) variables have no significant effect on Capital Structure. Key words: Foreign Director, Foreign Commissioner, Capital Structure  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh antara Komisaris Asing dan Direksi Asing terhadap Struktur Modal. Penentuan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Berdasarkan kriteria pengambilan sampel diperoleh sebanyak 6 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama tahun 2012-2016, sehingga jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 31 pengamatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda dengan alat bantu SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komisaris dan direksi asing berpengaruh signifikan terhadap struktur modal. Hal ini terjadi karena perusahaan akan menjaga kondisi pendanaan yang dapat membahayakn kegiatan operasinal dan keberlanjutan hidup perusahaan. Komisaris asing dan direksi asing yang mempunyai keahlian ilmu pengetahuan yang lebih luas dapat dimanfaatkan perusahaan pada saat mengimplementasikan pergerakan ekspansinya dari berbagai macam pangsa pasar yang strategis sehingga memiliki kemampuan dan pengetahuan yang lebih untuk melakukan pengawasan dan pembuatan kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh manajerial. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan variable kontrol yaitu adalah Pertumbuhan Penjualan (Growth), Effective Tax Rate (ETR), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Kepemilikan Manajerial (KM), dan Kepemilikan Institusional (KI). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa hanya variabel tetapi hanya Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Struktur Modal, dan variabel Pertumbuhan Penjualan (Growth), Effective Tax Rate (ETR), Kepemilikan Manajerial (KM), dan Kepemilikan Institusional (KI) berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap Struktur Modal. Kata kunci: Direktur Asing, Komisaris Asing, Struktur Modal

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGHINDARAN PAJAK, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL, DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP BIAYA HUTANG (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2011-2015)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Elvis Nopriyanti Sherly ◽  
Desi Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Internal Funds ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of tax avoidance, institutional ownership, and profitability on cost of debt. The sample consisted of 71 manufactured firms in listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2011-2015 by using a purposive sampling method. The results of the study showed that the tax avoidance had negative effect on cost of debt. The meaning is getting smaller Cash Effective Tax Rate the cost of debt incurred greater. The results of this study also showed that the institutional ownership doesn’t had effect on cost of debt. Furthermore, the result of Return on Assets (ROA) as proxy profitability had a negative effect on cost of debt. The meaning that the higher the profitability of the company then the company will have a high internal funds that can be used in making the use of debt financing is getting smaller which causes the cost of debt also becomes smaller.

scholarly journals PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PAJAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Erna Hendrawati
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Management ◽  
Trade Sector

This research aims to explain about an influence of corporate governance to tax management. Tax management was measured by effective tax rate, whereas corporate governance was shown by variable, such as size of commissioner, percentage of independent commissioner, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, and audit committee. A sample of this study consists of companies which are listed in wholesale trade sector, retail trade sector, tourism, restaurant, and hotel sector during the year 2014 to 2016. Determination of the sample chosen from purposive sampling method and accomplished a sample of 33 companies based on certain criteria. The data are collected from Indonesia Stock Exchange and used Eviews 8 to analyse multiple regression. The result showed that size of commissioner, percentage of independent commissioner, managerial ownership has influence on tax management. Based on this research, institutional ownership and audit committee has no influence on tax management.Keywords: corporate governance, tax management, effective tax rate

PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE, KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL DAN CAPITAL INTENSITY RATIO TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-331
Author(s):  
Ledya Akmal Syaflet Bandaro ◽  
Stefanus Ariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting

This research aims to study the factors affecting Effective Tax Rate as a ratio indicates the efficiency of tax burden management by companies. The factors are Return on Assets (ROA), Ukuran Perusahaan (SIZE), Leverage (LEV), Managerial Ownership (KPM) dan Capital Intensity Ratio (CIR). Research sample were taken from the population of public manufacturing companies in Indonesia for the period 2016-2018, selected with predetermined criteria, resulting 55 companies from the population. The data is analysed using linear regression technique. This research reveals that the only variable that has significant influence towards Effective Tax Rate is Return on Assets and all the variables are simultaneously have effect towards Effective Tax Rate.   Keywords: Return on Assets, leverage ratio, Firm Size, Managerial Ownership, Capital intensity, tax avoidance, effective tax rate.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tax Avoidance (Study Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Dasar Dan Kimia Tahun 2014-2018

IJAcc ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-177
Author(s):  
Warseno Warseno ◽  
Silpi Intan Suseno ◽  
Widya Febriani
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Analysis Technique

This study aims to determine the effect of Profitability, Leverage, Firm Size and Institutional Ownership on Tax Avoidance in Manufacturing Companies in the Basic and Chemical Industrial Sector in 2014-2018. The variables used in this study are profitability, leverage, company size and institutional ownership, while the dependent variable used is tax avoidance which uses an effective tax rate proxy. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis where previously the data were tested using a classic assumption test consisting of normality test, multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test and heteroscedasticity test. The results showed that partially Profitability affects tax Avoidance. Simultaneously Profitability, Leverage, Firm Size and Institutional Ownership affect tax avoidance. The contribution of the dependent variable in explaining the independent variable is only 12.6%.

PENGARUH CAPITAL INTENSITY RATIO,INVENTORY INTENSITY RATIO, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE TERHADAP EFFECTIVE TAX RATE DENGAN KOMPENSASI RUGI FISKAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Icha Fadjriana
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the capital intensity ratio, inventory intensity ratio, ownership structure affect the Effective Tax Rate with compensation for fiscal losses as moderating. all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2017. This research is a quantitative study using multiple linear regression models. The results showed that inventory intensity ratio and institutional ownership had a significant effect on ETR, while Managerial Ownership did not affect ETR. The compensation for fiscal losses cannot moderate the relationship between inventory intensity ratio and Managerial Ownership to the effective tax rate. Whereas Institutional Ownership can be moderated by the effective tax rate.

scholarly journals PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Felicia Quinta Yulia Alvenina
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Tax is one of the largest state revenues so that the governmenttries to maximize tax revenue but it is different from companies that wantto minimize taxes. In minimizing the tax, the company implements taxavoidance. The company avoids tax due to the lack of internal supervisionof the company, therefore the need for a system that directs and regulatesthe relationships of interested company side in making policies within thecompany. The system is good corporate governance. The purpose of thisstudy was to determine the effect of good corporate governance on tax avoidance.Good corporate governance in this study is proxied by executive compensation,institutional ownership, managerial ownership, independent boardof commissioners, audit committee, and audit quality. Tax avoidance ismeasured using the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The research samplewas 47 mining sector companies listed on the IDX in 2014–2019, and obtained213 research data. The results in this study say that executive compensationhas a negative effect on tax avoidance, institutional ownershipand managerial ownership have a positive effect on tax avoidance and theindependent board of commissioners, audit committee, audit quality has noeffect on tax avoidance.

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