Factors influencing earnings management on manufacturing company on BEI

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence earnings management in automotive companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The analysis variables of earnings management practices are company size, auditor reputation, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, Financial Leverage, and the education level of the president director. The research period is 2016-2020. The sample used is purposive sampling, with as many as 18 pieces—multiple linear analysis data testing methods. The test data results obtained: simultaneously the variables of firm size, auditor reputation, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, Financial Leverage, and the education level of top directors affect Earnings Management, while partially, managerial ownership has a significant negative effect on Earnings Management. Company size, auditor reputation, institutional ownership, Financial Leverage, and education level of top directors have no consideration on Earnings Management.

News at the Bell and a Level Playing Field

We provide initial evidence that stock exchange procedures around closing auctions advantage speed traders at the expense of auction participants. We show that, on Nasdaq and NYSE Arca, 4:00 pm earnings releases result in informed trading in the continuous regular-hour session in the short window between 4:00 pm and the closing auction; this trading subsequently moves closing prices in the direction of the earnings news. The ability of speed traders to submit 4:00 pm-news orders to the auction through the continuous session earns them up to 1.5% profit and creates an unlevel playing field because most auction participants are not allowed to cancel their orders. When stock exchanges recommended that firms delay disclosures until after the market close, those with higher institutional ownership were more likely to do so voluntarily. Our study has implications regarding the timing of information releases and the design of the closing process.

Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) and Financial Distressed Risk (FDR): Does Institutional Ownership Matter?

This study aims to investigate the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) on financial distressed risk (FDR) among firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). This paper also examines whether there is a negative linkage between institutional ownership as a corporate governance mechanism and corporate bankruptcy. The final research purpose is to analyze if there is a moderating effect of institutional owners on the relationship between CSRD and FDR too. The study sample consists of 200 firms listed on the TSE between 2013 and 2018, and the statistical model is logistic regression. When FDR is assessed under both Article 141 of Iran’s business law and the Altman Z-score model, our results on the main research hypotheses are quite similar. Considering the social and cultural conditions and economic situation of the Iranian market, the results show that firms with a high level of CSR disclosure are not able to make themselves more creditworthy and do not have better access to financing, resulting in more financial insolvency. Our findings confirm institutional shareholders play a vital role in facilitating a firm’s emergence from bankruptcy. The results also demonstrate financial distress risk is less seen among companies with more institutional owners that disclose more CSR information. In other words, since the goals related to CSR are long-term and Iranian institutional investors have a long-term horizon towards the company, the presence of more institutional owners within a firm push managers to provide additional voluntary CSR disclosure so firms can maintain the trust of their shareholders at the highest possible level and prevent financial distress. Our additional analysis indicates there is a positive association between financial leverage and firm failure, whereas the current ratio and ROA are negatively connected with corporate bankruptcy. Finally, when FDR is assessed on the Altman Z-score model, our evidence supports a negative relation between purchase and sale-related party transactions and bankruptcy risk, which is consistent with the efficient transaction hypothesis.

Determinan Perencanaan Pajak Perusahaan Pertambangan di Indonesia

This research aims to determine the effect of corporate governance as measured by institutional ownership, the proportion of independent commissioners, audit committee, and board of director also solvability, profitability, company size, growth opportunity, and capital intensity ratio on tax planning. The population in this research were all mining companies listed on Indonesia stock exchange for the 2015-2018 with the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. This type of research was causal associative, with data analysis method, namely confirmatory factor analysis and then continued with multiple regression analysis. The result of the factor test indicate that the audit committee is not a determinant of tax planning. Based on the results of regression analysis shows that simultaneously, institutional ownership, the proportion of independent commissioners, board of directors, solvency, profitability, company size, growth opportunity, and capital intensity ratio have an effect on tax planning. While partially, the results of the study indicate that institutional ownership, profitability, growth opportunity, and capital intensity ratio can be determinants that affect corporate tax planning. Meanwhile, the proportion of independent commissioners, board of directors, solvency, and company size partially not influence the company to do the tax planning. From results of this research, the government is expected will pay more attention to the grey area that can be used by companies as a gap to reduce tax payments which results in reduced state revenues.

Corporate Governance and Firm Innovation

Innovation is a key factor for firms' competitive advantage in the long-term and for their financial success. Scholars highlight the underinvestment problem with respect of R&D investment. This chapter focuses on two relevant variables of corporate governance that influence firms' innovation performance: firm ownership and board of directors. In the first section, the effect of ownership structure on R&D investment is analyzed. More specifically, the chapter will illustrate the effects of family ownership and institutional ownership on innovation investments. The second section explores the main theoretical perspectives investigating the functions of board of directors and the main board tasks. Lastly, three attributes of board structure and their effect on R&D investments are explored.

The effect of financial and non-financial performance on investors’ reactions: The role of corporate governance mechanisms as moderating

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of financial and non-financial performance on investor reactions and the role of corporate governance mechanisms as moderating. The analysis technique used is the moderated regression analysis (MRA). The research population is manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Based on the purposive sampling method, 78 companies were selected as the samples (390 firm-year observations). The results of this study provide empirical evidence that the existence of financial and non-financial performance in a company can increase investor reactions. Institutional ownership plays a role in the relationship between financial performance and investor reactions. Meanwhile, independent commissioners, boards of directors, and audit committees have no role in the relationship between financial performance and investor reactions. And independent commissioners and institutional ownership can moderate the influence of non-financial performance on investor reactions. Meanwhile, the board of directors and audit committee cannot moderate the influence of non-financial performance on investor reactions.

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Struktur Modal, Leverage dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

This research aims to examine and analyze the effect of company size, profitability, capital structure, leverage & institutional ownership on firm value in property & real estate companies listed on the IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange) from 2015-2019 period. The population obtained was 35 companies in research is property & real estate companies listed on the IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange) from 2015-2019 period & the sample obtained was 20 companies. Sampling method used in research was “purposive sampling”. This type of research is quantitative research. The type of research used in in this research is descriptive quantitative. The research data source is secondary data obtained form the annual financial statements. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression, the coefficient of determinantion test, the classical assumption test, the F test & the hypothesis test. The results of the study showed that company size (SIZE), profitability (ROA), capital structure (DER) and leverage (DAR) affect on firm value (PBV) in property and real estate companies listed on the IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange) from 2015-2019 period, while institutional ownership (INST) not affect on firm value (PBV) in property & real estate companies listed on the IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange) for 2015-2019 period.

Corporate Governance and Leverage Mechanisms on Integrity of Financial Report: Conservatism Index Approach in BUMN

The integrity of financial statements is related to one of the characteristics required by IFRS, namely faithful representation. The financial statements that are presented must contain information that is relevant and reliable so that it has high integrity and can be used by stakeholders in making decisions. In reality, realizing the integrity of financial statements is a difficult thing. There have been several cases that cast doubt on the level of integrity of financial statements. One of them happened to PT Jiwasraya (Persero) recently. This research is aimed to examine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms proxied by (institutional ownership, proportion of independent commissioners, and audit committee meetings) and leverage on the integrity of financial statements using a conservatism index approach in the market book value. Firm size as a control variable. The population is BUMN listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2018 with a sample of 22 companies. The data analysis method used is panel data regression. The results of the common effect model test that only the audit committee meeting variable has a significant influence on the integrity of the financial statements, while the variable institutional ownership, the proportion of independent commissioners and leverage has an effect but is not significant on the integrity of the financial statement

How does ownership structure affect the financing and dividend decisions of firm?

Purpose Ownership structure deals with internal corporate governance mechanism, which plays important role in minimizing conflict of interests between shareholders and management Ownership structure is an important mechanism that influences the value of firm, financing and dividend decisions. This paper aims to examine the impact of the ownership structures, i.e. managerial ownership, institutional ownership on financing and dividend policy. Design/methodology/approach The authors use panel data of manufacturing firms from both developed and developing countries, and the generalized method of moments (GMM) is applied to analyze the results. The authors collect the data from DataStream for the period of 2010 to 2019. Findings The authors find that managerial ownership and ownership concentration have significant and positive effects on debt financing, but they have significant and negative effects on dividend policy. Institutional ownership shows a positive impact on financing decisions and dividend policy for sample firms. Originality/value This study fills the gap by proving the policy implications for both firms and investors, as managers prefer debt financing, but at the same time try to ignore dividend payment. Therefore, investors may not invest in firms with a higher proportion of managerial ownership and may choose to invest more in institutional ownership, which lowers the agency cost.