scholarly journals REDD+ and the Clean Development Mechanism: A comparative perspective

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lovleen Bhullar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Development Mechanism

The program, ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation’ (REDD), which operates within the international climate change policy framework, is projected to emerge as one of the key climate change mitigation mechanisms for developing countries. The existing Afforestation/Reforestation (A/R) mechanism, operating under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, may prove useful for drawing lessons for the emerging REDD program, since both mechanisms represent flexible means for developed countries to achieve compliance with their mitigation targets under the Kyoto Protocol. The possible means include CDM as the basis for a project-based approach for the implementation of REDD (if adopted) or the inclusion of REDD within CDM. This article compares the features of A/R CDM and REDD, identifies similarities and differences, and analyses the extent to which the former can provide guidance for the development of a carbon governance mechanism for REDD.

Policy entrepreneurs in national climate change policy processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1456-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inken Reimer ◽  
Barbara Saerbeck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Combat Climate Change

The multi-level and multi-actor character of the international climate governance regime, as well as the imminent need for action to combat climate change, stimulates the introduction of new and innovative cross-sectoral policy proposals by policy entrepreneurs. To date, academic literature has extensively studied and discussed the importance of policy entrepreneurs for agenda-setting. The role of policy entrepreneurs in providing continuous support for a new climate policy resulting in its implementation, has on the other hand, so far received only little attention. Taking the Norwegian Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation commitment as an exemplary case, this paper explores the potential of entrepreneurial engagement throughout a country’s climate policy-making process. It aims to demonstrate the importance of policy entrepreneurs beyond agenda-setting, namely for the policy formulation phase in which responsibilities for the implementation are designated to governmental bodies. We refer to this step as institutional anchoring. Following an explorative approach, this paper shows that different types of actors – non-governmental organisations and governmental actors – act as policy entrepreneurs. It demonstrates the roles and importance of policy entrepreneurs for not only gaining, but also maintaining attention on a new policy by means of coalition building and framing.

scholarly journals Two Birds with One Stone: The political and environmental motives of Quebec’s climate change policy

Federalism-E ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Rebecca Teare
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
The Political ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Political Dispute

In 2000 Quebec was about to host its provincial counterparts for that year’s Joint Meeting of Ministers of the Environment and Energy in an effort to work in unison for the benefit of all Canadians and the environment. Quebec’s Ministers were clear about their position on climate change policy. In their province, Quebec’s policy will prevail. Federalism lies at the heart of the political dispute between Quebec and the federal government over the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. Quebec has pressured the federal government to maintain its commitments to the international community, and has been critical of its approach to meeting them. It has seriously considered the commitments Canada has made, and in the process, diverged from federal climate change policy by taking a more global perspective. This has enabled the province to generate greater provincial powers within Canada, in line with the Quebec Liberal Party’s concept of federalism. This essay will investigate climate change policy in Quebec after the Quiet Revolution, focusing on the differences between this province and the federal government’s approach to international climate change agreements—specifically the Kyoto Protocol. Quebec has developed firmer climate change policy than the federal government. While this is possible because of Quebec’s energy industry and the fact that it does not have to compromise with other jurisdictions in the federation, it has provided an additional outlet for the Quebecois sense of distinctiveness in Canada. This essay will argue that Quebec pursues a more ambitious climate change policy than the federal government in order to increase its provincial powers within the Canadian federation.[...]

INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE: POLICY AND ACTION

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Dr Tony Beck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Greenhouse Emission

The Framework Convention on Climate Change, first negotiated at the Rio 'Earth Summit', has recently been ratified by the required 50 countries. Now that the Convention has come into force the pace of implementation will quicken with important implications for Australia and world trade. Developed countries, including Australia, are likely to be under significant pressure to strengthen the emission control commitments they made at Rio.For a country like Australia with growing energy demand and a dependence on fossil fuels, the potential costs of meeting stringent greenhouse emission constraints are high, both in terms of domestic economic costs and lost export markets. We need to be vigilant with respect to policy developments in other countries and need to ensure that domestic greenhouse policies are appropriate to our circumstances.The recent International Negotiating Committee (INC9) meeting in Geneva gives an indication of the direction of international policy developments and a forewarning of the potential dangers for Australia. This paper reviews the outcomes of INC9 and considers the implications of these developments for Australia.

Modelling trade and climate change policy: a strategic framework for global environmental negotiators

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Ahmed ◽  
Naveed Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Ilhan Ozturk ◽  
Wei Long
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Permit Trading ◽  
Environment Policy ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Business As Usual

In the past, failure of trade–climate talks might have created negative signs, but international trade actually induces more participation and helps to attain joint agreement. Carbon permit trading has a key role to play in the abatement process. Participation in global multilateral negotiations and a country's self-interest with respect to entering an abatement process depends upon either the scale of climate change damage or the punishment level that affects its economy. Thus, this study assumes N good cases for countries that have substantial emission levels. We analyse the change in utility function through a business-as-usual scenario for both group and individual country levels. The model designed in this study examines the data on emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) for selected developing and developed countries and the rest of the world. The data calibrations are similar to the previous studies. However, this study extends the model to a strategic level at which countries can choose coalition partners to undertake abatement for mutual benefits, considering the terms of trade. The results possess strong trade–environment policy options and help them to reach certain multilateral agreement.

The Billion-Dollar Kyoto Botch-up: Climate Change Communication in New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-151
Author(s):  
Chris Russill
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Change Policy

New Zealand's greenhouse gas emissions have increased significantly since 1990. This article examines how the fact of increasing emissions is discussed and given significance in New Zealand's national public discourse on climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions became a serious public concern on 17 June 2005, when the New Zealand government estimated a $307 million Kyoto Protocol liability in its 2005 financial statements. Conservative media coverage of this report emphasised governmental miscalculation, the financial liabilities generated by Kyoto Protocol regulations and a struggle between Climate Change Minister Peter Hodgson and industry voices over how to define the problem. This article links the arguments and discursive strategies used in the 17 June 2005 newspaper coverage of increasing greenhouse gas emissions to the institutional actors shaping New Zealand climate change policy. The increased effectiveness of industry challenges to government climate change policy is noted and discussed.

scholarly journals Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Business in Pakistan: Perceptions and Realities

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4II) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaz Ahmed ◽  
Aneel Salman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Carbon Mitigation ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Human Family ◽  
Development Mechanism

Climate change is the biggest challenge human family has ever faced in world history. It has local as well as global impacts and almost all the ethnic groups, communities, and geographical locations are exposed to it [Stern (2006)]. But comparatively developing countries are more exposed to the changes which are taking places due to climate [Stern (2006) and Barker (2008)]. The degree of their exposure which has a number of determinants varies across different regions [Karen, et al. (2004)]. Climate experts so far have proposed two broader solutions for this problem; mitigation of climate change by reducing the amount of emitted carbon from atmosphere, and adaptation to climate changes [Tompkins and Adger (2005) and Becken (2005)]. Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is dealing with climate change mitigation. It is the milestone towards global carbon mitigation efforts [Miriam, et al. (2007)]. This protocol has resulted in the establishment of carbon markets by adopting the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Pakistan ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and implemented it in 2005. To ensure the smooth functioning of carbon trading business in Pakistan, CDM related infrastructure was developed. Mainly this includes the establishment of CDM Cell in Pakistan, but a number of private consultancies also came into being with the emergence of this mechanism.

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