scholarly journals FACTORS DETERMINING THE PHENOMENA IN THE UPER TREE LINE ECOTONE IN THE POLAR URALS MOUNTAINS

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
В.В. Фомин ◽  
С.Г. Шиятов
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
Extreme Factors ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Long Term Studies ◽  
The Polar Urals

The article presents the results of the analysis of long-term studies dedicated to the reaction of woody plants to various extreme factors in the Rai-Iz mountain massif and Chernaya mountain, which are located on the southeastern slope of the Polar Urals in the Sob River basin (Russia). The analysis was performed using a unique archive of landscape photos, which were made by the authors from the beginning of the 1960s until the present. The classifi cation and description of the phenomena that are caused by the infl uence of environmental factors on woody vegetation, as well as their presentation using landscape photos, allow us to expand the possibilities of using ground-based images for the purposes of environmental photo monitoring of woody vegetation at the tree line. They can be used as an independent data source to identify factors that determine a morphological structure and spatial altitude of woody vegetation.

scholarly journals Woody vegetation change over more than 30 years in the interior duneveld of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park

Bothalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (Volume 50 No. 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. van der Merwe ◽  
N. van Rooyen ◽  
H. Bezuidenhout ◽  
J. du P. Bothma ◽  
M.W. van Rooyen
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Bush Encroachment ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Grewia Flava ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Long Term Studies

Background and objectives: Long-term studies of woody plants in South Africa are scarce. This study, initiated in the late 1970s, therefore aids understanding of vegetation dynamics in the southern Kalahari by investigating woody vegetation change at and away from a watering point. Methods: At three sites, all woody individuals were counted by species in plots 0.5 or 1 ha in size. Seedlings were noted separately from the >0.2 m group of individuals. Results: Vachellia erioloba and shrub density decreased over time whereas dwarf shrub species’ numbers fluctuated markedly. Additionally, no increase in density of known bush encroaching species (e.g. Grewia flava, Rhigozum trichotomum and Senegalia mellifera) was found in this large conservation area. Discussion and conclusion: The changes in density of the woody species seem to point to the importance of particular rainfall patterns or sequences of events over different years that are responsible for these changes in the southern Kalahari, and the evident lack of bush encroachment in this conservation area supports the notion that bush encroachment in arid savannas is driven primarily by land-use practices and not by elevated carbon dioxide levels that are sometimes provided as cause for encroachment.

scholarly journals Arctic Greening Caused by Warming Contributes to Compositional Changes of Mycobiota at the Polar Urals

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton G. Shiryaev ◽  
Pavel A. Moiseev ◽  
Ursula Peintner ◽  
Nadezhda M. Devi ◽  
Vladimir V. Kukarskih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Special Environment ◽  
The Polar Urals

The long-term influence of climate change on spatio-temporal dynamics of the Polar mycobiota was analyzed on the eastern macro slope of the Polar Urals (Sob River valley and Mountain Slantsevaya) over a period of 60 years. The anthropogenic impact is minimal in the study area. Effects of environmental warming were addressed as changes in treeline and forest communities (greening of the vegetation). With warming, permafrost is beginning to thaw, and as it thaws, it decomposes. Therefore, we also included depth of soil thawing and litter decomposition in our study. Particular attention was paid to the reaction of aphyllophoroid fungal communities concerning these factors. Our results provide evidence for drastic changes in the mycobiota due to global warming. Fungal community composition followed changes of the vegetation, which was transforming from forest-tundra to northern boreal type forests during the last 60 years. Key fungal groups of the ongoing borealization and important indicator species are discussed. Increased economic activity in the area may lead to deforestation, destruction of swamps, and meadows. However, this special environment provides important services such as carbon sequestration, soil formation, protecting against flood risks, and filtering of air. In this regard, we propose to include the studied territory in the Polarnouralsky Natural Park.

scholarly journals Persistence of arctic-alpine flora during 24,000 years of environmental change in the Polar Urals

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Clarke ◽  
M. E. Edwards ◽  
L. Gielly ◽  
D. Ehrich ◽  
P. D. M. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Safe Sites ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
Mountain Landscapes ◽  
Robust Evidence ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractPlants adapted to extreme conditions can be at high risk from climate change; arctic-alpine plants, in particular, could “run out of space” as they are out-competed by expansion of woody vegetation. Mountain regions could potentially provide safe sites for arctic-alpine plants in a warmer climate, but empirical evidence is fragmentary. Here we present a 24,000-year record of species persistence based on sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) from Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye (Polar Urals). We provide robust evidence of long-term persistence of arctic-alpine plants through large-magnitude climate changes but document a decline in their diversity during a past expansion of woody vegetation. Nevertheless, most of the plants that were present during the last glacial interval, including all of the arctic-alpines, are still found in the region today. This underlines the conservation significance of mountain landscapes via their provision of a range of habitats that confer resilience to climate change, particularly for arctic-alpine taxa.

scholarly journals Zwanzig Jahre Versuchsaufforstung Stillberg: Überleben und Wachstum einer subalpinen Aufforstung in Abhängigkeit vom Standort | Twenty years experimental afforestation Stillberg: Survival and growth in a subalpine afforestation in relation to site conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 226-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Senn ◽  
Walter Schönenberger
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Long Term Studies

In an experimental afforestation (Stillberg near Davos) close to the subalpine tree line, we studied mortality and height development of planted Swiss stone pines, mountain pines and European larches, and their relationship to microsite parameters such as exposure, soil type and duration of snow cover in spring, as well as to meteorological parameters. The most important cause of mortality among the planted trees was the pathogenic fungus Gremmeniella abietina,which particularly occurred on sites with prolonged snow cover in spring. This study revealed changes in the ranking order among the species three times within twenty years,both for survival and for tree height, which demonstrates the necessity of long-term studies.

Implications of Long-Term Studies of Three Model Preschool Programs for Head Start

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Schweinhart ◽  
Elena V. Malofeeva ◽  
Lawrence J. Schweinhart ◽  
Michelle M. Englund ◽  
Arthur J. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Preschool Programs ◽  
Long Term Studies

Primary varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. Partsch
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Primary Varicose Veins ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryBackground: Compression stockings are widely used in patients with varicose veins. Methods: Based on published literature three main points are discussed: 1. the rationale of compression therapy in primary varicose veins, 2. the prescription of compression stockings in daily practice, 3. studies required in the future. Results: The main objective of prescribing compression stockings for patients with varicose veins is to improve subjective leg complaints and to prevent swelling after sitting and standing. No convincing data are available concerning prevention of progression or of complications. In daily practice varicose veins are the most common indication to prescribe compression stockings. The compliance depends on the severity of the disorder and is rather poor in less severe stages. Long-term studies are needed to proof the cost-effectiveness of compression stockings concerning subjective symptoms and objective signs of varicose veins adjusted to their clinical severity. Conclusion: Compression stockings in primary varicose veins are able to improve leg complaints and to prevent swelling.

Diatoms and aquatic palynomorphs in the sediments of the Eurasian Arctic seas and their significance for paleooceanological investigations in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Yelena I. Polyakova ◽  
Yekaterina I. Novichkova ◽  
Tatiana S. Klyuvitkina ◽  
Elizaveta A. Agafonova ◽  
Irina M. Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marginal Filter ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Hydrological Parameters ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Long Term Studies

Presented the results of long-term studies of diatoms and aquatic palynomorphs in surface sediments of the Arctic seas and the possibility of their use for the reconstructions of paleocirculation water masses, advection of Atlantic and Bering sea water into the Arctic ocean, changes in the river runoff to the seas, sedimentary processes in the marginal filter of the largest rivers, seasonal sea ice cover and other hydrological parameters.

Aspects of the Evolution of the Romanian Tourists’ Preferences Concerning the Domestic Tourist Destinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Aniela Bălăcescu ◽  
Radu Șerban Zaharia
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
On Line ◽  
The One ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Tourist services represent a category of services in which the inseparability of production and consumption, the inability to be storable, the immateriality, and last but not least non-durability, induces in tourism management a number of peculiarities and difficulties. Under these circumstances the development of medium-term strategies involves long-term studies regarding on the one hand the developments and characteristics of the demand, and on the other hand the tourist potential analysis at regional and local level. Although in the past 20 years there has been tremendous growth of on-line booking made by household users, the tour operators agencies as well as those with sales activity continue to offer the specific services for a large number of tourists, that number, in the case of domestic tourism, increased by 1.6 times in case of the tour operators and by 4.44 times in case of the agencies with sales activity. At the same time, there have been changes in the preferences of tourists regarding their holiday destinations in Romania. Started on these considerations, paper based on a logistic model, examines the evolution of the probabilities and scores corresponding to the way the Romanian tourists spend their holidays on the types of tourism agencies, actions and tourist areas in Romania.

New records of two species in the genus Pseudobaeospora (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) from Russia

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
O. V. Morozova ◽  
E. S. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New Records ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
State Nature ◽  
The Polar Urals

The paper describes two records of species of the genus Pseudobaeospora Singer emend. Bas. P. pillodii (Quel.) Wasser, collected in 2009 in the Teberda State Nature Reserve, was found before in Altai [reported as P. oligophylla (Singer) Singer, the type species of the genus], as well as in the Polar Urals. P. pyrifera is new to Russia. The descriptions are illustrated by line drawings and colour photographs.

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