Means of communication and socio-legal aspects of interaction between subjects of religious-penitentiary space: the case of Muslims

The Constitutional and Legal Institute of Religious Freedom in the Penitentiary System is subordinated to and regulated by the rules established by the Federal Executive Body exercising law enforcement functions in the fi eld of execution of sentences (FSIN of Russia). Finding themselves isolated from society, ethnic and practising Muslims, sentenced to imprisonment, feel forced restrictions on the religious freedom. The time and place of Muslims who perform religious rites and rituals are regulated by the documents issued by the Ministry of Justice of Russia were outlined the internal regulations for correctional institutions. The state is entrusted with the duty to provide in prisons a special environment, which would enable the spiritual nourishment of Muslims, whose rights to freedom of religious life are supported by centralized Islamic religious organizations. The civil institutions exercise public control over this implementation. At the same time, the Russian State is increasingly interested in interacting with the main subjects of the religious and penitentiary space. Among them there are offi cial structures of the Islamic Ummah, sending educated imams and Islamic theologians for religious service in prisons, representatives of the Islamic expert community, also there are Public Councils on the problems of the penitentiary system under the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The present author considers the activities of Muslim spiritual departments to provide prison libraries with religious literature (the Holy Quran and semantic translations, the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad, His biography, books on Islamic law) as well as the best examples of religious literature, which manifest the traditional values of Russian Islam and the imperatives of a positive socio-cultural environment to be the signifi cant means of communication in the religious-penitentiary environment.

Archaeological investigations in the shallow seawater environment with electrical resistivity tomography

This work explores the applicability and effectiveness of electrical resistivity tomography in mapping archaeological relics in the shallow marine environment. The approach consists of a methodology based on numerical simulation models validated with comparison to field data. Numerical modelling includes the testing of different electrode arrays suitable for multi-channel resistivity instruments (dipole–dipole, pole–dipole, and gradient). The electrodes are placed at fixed positions either floating on the sea surface or submerged at the bottom of the sea. Additional tests are made concerning the resolving capabilities of electrical resistivity tomography with various seawater depths and target characteristics (dimensions and burial depth of the targets). Although valid a priori information, in terms of water resistivity and thickness, can be useful for constraining the inversion, it should be used judiciously to prevent erroneous information leading to misleading results. Finally, an application of the method at a field site is presented not only for verifying the theoretical results but also at the same time for proposing techniques to overcome problems that can occur due to the special environment. Numerical and field electrical resistivity tomography results indicated the utility of the method in reconstructing off-shore cultural features, demonstrating at the same time its applicability to be integrated in wider archaeological projects.

Paetumokai : an inquiry into the social and family life of a rural town in New Zealand

This survey of Paetumokai, however, was not intended to be a complete social survey of a small town, but rather a study of all those organisations which in one way or another have a bearing upon family life. In order to obtain a clear picture of this a questionnaire was prepared and seventy families were interviewed. Before proceeding to a discussion of the methods and techniques I adopted for this survey I should like to present a brief sketch of the changes in general that have occurred in family life. The normal minimum family into which a child is born is one consisting of two parents in the special environment of a home. This environment changes and establishes a different background for each successive child. In all times of which we have legendary or historical knowledge the family has existed and has been responsible for the provision of the basic needs of its offspring - food, clothing, shelter and education. As time went on and the needs of mankind increased, the family, as a group, became involved in more and more duties and responsibilities until it became a complex organisation in which the participants filled many varied roles. Thus, in addition to providing the staple needs already mentioned, the family has provided work, education and apprenticeship, companionship, religion and social life. Such then was the pattern of the emerging family of historical times.

Paetumokai : an inquiry into the social and family life of a rural town in New Zealand

This survey of Paetumokai, however, was not intended to be a complete social survey of a small town, but rather a study of all those organisations which in one way or another have a bearing upon family life. In order to obtain a clear picture of this a questionnaire was prepared and seventy families were interviewed. Before proceeding to a discussion of the methods and techniques I adopted for this survey I should like to present a brief sketch of the changes in general that have occurred in family life. The normal minimum family into which a child is born is one consisting of two parents in the special environment of a home. This environment changes and establishes a different background for each successive child. In all times of which we have legendary or historical knowledge the family has existed and has been responsible for the provision of the basic needs of its offspring - food, clothing, shelter and education. As time went on and the needs of mankind increased, the family, as a group, became involved in more and more duties and responsibilities until it became a complex organisation in which the participants filled many varied roles. Thus, in addition to providing the staple needs already mentioned, the family has provided work, education and apprenticeship, companionship, religion and social life. Such then was the pattern of the emerging family of historical times.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumers’ Preferences for Wood Furniture: An Accounting Perspective

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on forest product markets and the forest product industry, and has also seriously affected the sales of forest products. This research aimed to analyze people’s preference for wood furniture and make policy recommendations. We examined the impact of the pandemic on consumers’ preferences for wood furniture from the perspective of accounting. Taking the accounting data of wood furniture enterprises as the research object, through the translog revenue function, and using the relationship between revenue and consumption in economics, we found that the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced consumers’ preferences for wood furniture, but the decline in preference is smaller for wood furniture produced by extra-large furniture manufacturers. This study contributes to the literature and in view of our research results and the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, we provide policy suggestions for the related governmental agencies and wood furniture manufacturers, in this special environment, that can reduce the negative impact of a pandemic on the wood furniture industry.

Progress in ionizing radiation resistance modification of polymer materials

With the wide application of polymer materials, much attention has been paid to the modification methods of polymer materials with high-energy radiation resistance to satisfy special environment, such as nuclear industry, space technology, medical equipmen. In this review, progress in ionizing radiation resistance modification of polymer materials is introduced in depth and different modification methods are compared. Finally, future perspectives of this field are discussed.

Study on Environmental Adaptability of Metal Plate Fuel Cell

As a main task of national key project (2018YFC081000)“emergency power under the special environment systems research and application demonstration”, Study on Environmental Adaptability of Metal Plate Fuel Cell.the paper focus on the key technologies needed to be developed of researching PEMFC system to adapt to the special environment of high temperature, high humidity, high salt, high cold and high altitude;this topic reviews the impact of plasma exchange membrane fuel cell and climate environment on such emergency power supply equipment, and uses Au@TiN as a metal bipolar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. After a series of tests, it proves the excellent operation characteristics of the fuel cell reactor in “4-high” environment.the study showed that after constant 1.0 V (vs SHE) potential polarization, the size order of different coating corrosion currents is: gold plated> stainless steel> carbonization;In a high altitude environment, the optimal air intake parameters are obtained by numerical simulation and optimization of air pressure, air volume, wind speed, air excess coefficient and other parameters;In a high-temperature environment, the problem of the metal bipolar fuel cell supply system can be solved by improving the flow structure of the air side to increase the heat exchange area and the air capacity;In the high-cold environment, the shutdown pulse sweep scheme is adopted, and the rapid start of hydrogen battery supply system is realized by using hydrogen catalytic reaction assisted heating.

Deterministic Quantum Mechanics: Classical nuclear motion explains chemical reactions and spectra

Is a classical description of nuclear motion sufficient when describing chemical reactions? The present paper investigates some phenomena that were previously attributed to nuclear quantum effects. The aim is to show that these phenomena can be modelled with traditional Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics, that is, with a method which treats nuclear motion classically. We find that no additional paradigm is needed for describing chemical reactions. The special reactivity observed for carbenes can be attributed to the special environment represented by a noble gas matrix. Also the infrared spectrum of porphycene is perfectly modelled by traditional Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics. If no more convincing examples are produced, one will stick to deterministic quantum mechanics, as it is the simpler theory which, in addition, is free of paradoxa.

Analysis of Changes in Spectral Signal According to Gas Flow Rate in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

In a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system that performs elemental analysis of a target by acquiring the emission of plasma generated on the material surface by a focused laser, the plasma signal may be affected by the flow of the surrounding gas. A flow of gas may be present when LIBS measurements are performed in a special environment where an inert gas is normally applied. In such an environment, the flow of gas may affect the intensity of emission generated in plasma. The LIBS spectral intensity in the gas flow field changes according to the direction of the gas flow and the signal detector of the LIBS. In this case, the correlation between the flow rate and intensity of the spectral line can be confirmed both theoretically and experimentally. In this study, changes in the signal according to the flow rate were theoretically evaluated using the view factor and wave equation. In addition, LIBS signals were examined based on the flow of Ar, N2, and He gases in the experiment. The experimental results confirmed the range of effective gas flow rates over which the correlation between the flow rate and intensity of the LIBS spectral line could be inferred. These results could be used for calibration to achieve accurate measurement of LIBS signals in gas flow fields. In addition, this analysis has the potential to shed light on the properties of flowing gases that affect plasma by reversibly tracking changes in the signal of LIBS in a confined environment.