METROLOGICAL CERTIFICATION AND TEST CONDITIONS FOR VERIFICATION EQUIPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-139
Author(s):  
A Turgunbaev ◽  
◽  
H Usmanova ◽  
O Abdurakhmanov
Keyword(s):  
Metrological Certification ◽  
Testing Equipment ◽  
Current Testing ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Certification Test

The article analyzes the metrological certification and test conditions for verification equipment. The main tasks of metrological certification, test conditions, accuracy characteristics of verification equipment, primary, repeated and periodic, expert and inspection certification of verification equipment are considered in the article. Besides, the major tasks of the testing equipment certification are considered as well. They are: establishing the current testing equipment eligibility in accordance with its purpose, establishing the actual reproducibility values of test conditions implemented by testing equipment and assessing the technical characteristics compliance of testing equipment with the safety, hygienic and other special requirements

Interpretation of Resistance Changes during Interconnect Reliability Testing

1994 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Sanchez ◽  
Van Pham
Keyword(s):  
Joule Heating ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
High Current ◽  
Current Testing ◽  
Interconnect Test ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Interconnect Reliability ◽  
Initial Resistance ◽  
Improved Methods

ABSTRACTAccelerated reliability testing of VLSI layered metallizations involves monitoring the resistance of interconnect test structures under the assumption that changes in the resistance are due to processes (i.e., damage) which are induced by the test conditions (current and/or temperature.) “Failure” of the interconnect is defined as a somewhat arbitrary increase in fractional resistance ΔR/Ro ≈ +10% to +30%, where Ro is the initial resistance. However interpretation of the measured ΔR/Ro (both positive and negative) is complicated by other processes, the test conditions, and the test structure itself which all contribute to ΔR/Ro. We estimate the magnitude of intrinsic factors, such as vacancies and solute effects, as well as extrinsic factors, such as interconnect strain and voiding, on measured on ΔR/Ro. We also show that localized joule heating at voids (a mixed intrinsic + extrinsic effect) principally accounts for the large ΔR/Ro measured during electromigration (i.e., high current) testing. These results suggest improved methods for the detection of interconnect voids induced by the stresses of passivation confinement. We outline the considerations which allow for more rigorous failure criteria which are scalable to any metallization layer scheme, interconnect length and test condition. Finally, we discuss the interpretation of resistance changes at interlevel via structures.

Particular metrological-certification features of climatic testing equipment

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1400-1403
Author(s):  
I. G. Kal'man ◽  
N. M. Udalov ◽  
E. M. Yakobson
Keyword(s):  
Metrological Certification ◽  
Testing Equipment ◽  
Climatic Testing

Effects of Fundamental Frequency Contours on Sentence Recognition in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Cochlear Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3855-3864
Author(s):  
Wanting Huang ◽  
Lena L. N. Wong ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Haihong Liu ◽  
Wei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Sentence Recognition ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
F0 Contour ◽  
Appropriate Sentences

Purpose Fundamental frequency (F0) is the primary acoustic cue for lexical tone perception in tonal languages but is processed in a limited way in cochlear implant (CI) systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of F0 contours in sentence recognition in Mandarin-speaking children with CIs and find out whether it is similar to/different from that in age-matched normal-hearing (NH) peers. Method Age-appropriate sentences, with F0 contours manipulated to be either natural or flattened, were randomly presented to preschool children with CIs and their age-matched peers with NH under three test conditions: in quiet, in white noise, and with competing sentences at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Results The neutralization of F0 contours resulted in a significant reduction in sentence recognition. While this was seen only in noise conditions among NH children, it was observed throughout all test conditions among children with CIs. Moreover, the F0 contour-induced accuracy reduction ratios (i.e., the reduction in sentence recognition resulting from the neutralization of F0 contours compared to the normal F0 condition) were significantly greater in children with CIs than in NH children in all test conditions. Conclusions F0 contours play a major role in sentence recognition in both quiet and noise among pediatric implantees, and the contribution of the F0 contour is even more salient than that in age-matched NH children. These results also suggest that there may be differences between children with CIs and NH children in how F0 contours are processed.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

Discussion on “Production testing equipment” at the Birmingham Section of the Institution

1932 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
R.H. Youngash ◽  
E.W. Field ◽  
I.H. Wright ◽  
J.H. Garnett ◽  
H.C. Armitage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testing Equipment ◽  
Production Testing

Patterns of Incorporation of 75Se-Methionine into Fibrinogen and Other Plasma Proteins in Rabbits Stimulated by Different Test Conditions

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 076-086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Seligsohn ◽  
Samuel I. Rapaport ◽  
Ariella Zivelin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Injury Pattern ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Test Conditions

SummaryRabbits were injected with 75Se-Methionine (75SeM) 4-8 hr after being subjected to a variety of experimental conditions: injection of ACTH, growth hormone, glucagon, adrenalin, endotoxin, turpentine, hydrocortisone and laparotomy. All of these experimental conditions except injection of glucagon were associated with increased incorporation of 75SeM into fibrinogen. Three patterns of incorporation of 75SeM into plasma proteins were recognized: 1. the pituitary pattern, which was observed in animals injected with ACTH, growth hormone or endotoxin, and which was characterized by increased incorporation of 75SeM only into fibrinogen and by a delayed incorporation of 75SeM into α2 and β1 globulins; 2. the tissue injury pattern, which was characterized by a markedly increased incorporation of 75SeM into fibrinogen and no alteration in incorporation of 75SeM into α2 or β1 globulins; and 3. the pharmacologic corticosteroid pattern, which was characterized by a moderately increased incorporation of 75SeM into fibrinogen and a strikingly increased incorporation of 75SeM into α2 and β1 globulins.

Reconstruction of complex shaped crack from ECT signals based on a fast forward solver using an advanced multi-media element

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 621-629
Author(s):  
Yingsong Zhao ◽  
Cherdpong Jomdecha ◽  
Shejuan Xie ◽  
Zhenmao Chen ◽  
Pan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Matrix ◽  
Crack Edge ◽  
Numerical Accuracy ◽  
Gauss Point ◽  
Current Testing ◽  
Efficient Simulation ◽  
Shaped Crack ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Profile Reconstruction ◽  
Crack Profile

In this paper, the conventional database type fast forward solver for efficient simulation of eddy current testing (ECT) signals is upgraded by using an advanced multi-media finite element (MME) at the crack edge for treating inversion of complex shaped crack. Because the analysis domain is limited at the crack region, the fast forward solver can significantly improve the numerical accuracy and efficiency once the coefficient matrices of the MME can be properly calculated. Instead of the Gauss point classification, a new scheme to calculate the coefficient matrix of the MME is proposed and implemented to upgrade the ECT fast forward solver. To verify its efficiency and the feasibility for reconstruction of complex shaped crack, several cracks were reconstructed through inverse analysis using the new MME scheme. The numerical results proved that the upgraded fast forward solver can give better accuracy for simulating ECT signals, and consequently gives better crack profile reconstruction.

Probabilistic evaluation of detection capability of eddy current testing to inspect pitting on a stainless steel clad using multiple signal features

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Takuma Tomizawa ◽  
Haicheng Song ◽  
Noritaka Yusa
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Eddy Current Testing ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Current Testing ◽  
Multiple Signal ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Drill Holes

This study proposes a probability of detection (POD) model to quantitatively evaluate the capability of eddy current testing to detect flaws on the inner surface of pressure vessels cladded by stainless steel and in the presence of high noise level. Welded plate samples with drill holes were prepared to simulate corrosion that typically appears on the inner surface of large-scale pressure vessels. The signals generated by the drill holes and the noise caused by the weld were examined using eddy current testing. A hit/miss-based POD model with multiple flaw parameters and multiple signal features was proposed to analyze the measured signals. It is shown that the proposed model is able to more reasonably characterize the detectability of eddy current signals compared to conventional models that consider a single signal feature.

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