scholarly journals Landscape code for therapeutic gardens and therapeutic landscapes

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Elina Krasilnikova ◽  
Inna Zhuravleva ◽  
Inna Zaika
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Therapeutic Landscapes ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Therapeutic Gardens

The creation of therapeutic gardens and therapeutic landscapes in the structure of landscaping of hospitals and clinics is an important direction in the formation of the landscape and urban planning framework of cities to avoid the consequences of the pandemic. The landscape code of therapeutic gardens and therapeutic landscapes is scientifically grounded practical guidelines for the architectural and landscape design of the territories of healthcare facilities.

Barriers to the Use of Neurologic Criteria to Declare Death in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110069
Author(s):  
Ariane Lewis ◽  
Andrew Kumpfbeck ◽  
Jordan Liebman ◽  
Sam D. Shemie ◽  
Gene Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
World Brain ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Death By Neurologic Criteria

There are varying medical, legal, social, religious and philosophical perspectives about the distinction between life and death. Death can be declared using cardiopulmonary or neurologic criteria throughout much of the world. After solicitation of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) protocols from contacts around the world, we found that the percentage of countries with BD/DNC protocols is much lower in Africa than other developing regions. We performed an informal review of the literature to identify barriers to declaration of BD/DNC in Africa. We found that there are numerous medical, legal, social and religious barriers to the creation of BD/DNC protocols in Africa including 1) limited number of healthcare facilities, critical care resources and clinicians with relevant expertise; 2) absence of a political and legal framework codifying death; and 3) cultural and religious perspectives that present ideological conflict with the idea of BD/DNC, in particular, and between traditional and Western medicine, in general. Because there are a number of unique barriers to the creation of BD/DNC protocols in Africa, it remains to be seen how the World Brain Death Project, which is intended to create minimum standards for BD/DNC around the world, will impact BD/DNC determination in Africa.

Planning for Growth: Contradictions in the Framework of Economic and Urban Development from the “Spanish Miracle” (1959-1973)

2020 ◽  
pp. 009614422098333
Author(s):  
Juan Luis De las Rivas Sanz ◽  
Miguel Fernández-Maroto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
National Level ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Planning Policies

In the postwar period, the strong economic growth in Western countries coincided with the configuration of their modern urban planning systems. This article aims at exploring to what extent the targets of the economic planning that was broadly adopted in this growth period conditioned the performance of urban planning tools by analyzing the case of Spain. During the so-called “Spanish miracle” that started in the early 1960s and lasted until the mid-1970s, there were notable contradictions between economic and spatial planning policies and between the performance of the national and the municipal governments. It is concluded that the lack of an integrated approach to regional and urban planning policies at national level combined to the gap with the actual local planning framework, illustrated through the example of three cities, can help to understand the patterns of urban growth in a context of an expanding economy.

scholarly journals Where We Walk Is What We See: Foundational Concepts and Analytical Techniques of Space Syntax

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Haq
Keyword(s):  
Space Syntax ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Transportation Economics ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Difficult Issue

The most difficult issue in writing a methods paper on Space Syntax is that it is not simply a method. It is a theory on which a methodology has been built. In the 40 years since introduction, both its theory and its methods have advanced, including the creation and development of computerized software. Essentially Space Syntax investigates layouts, seen in plan drawings; but this is done from mature theoretical arguments about function in those spaces. While theories of society were at the genesis of Space Syntax, it has branched into cognition, transportation, economics, and so on, and has been used to investigate buildings, cities, and regions. In the last decade or so, Space Syntax has been used in different ways to investigate healthcare facilities. This article concentrates on explaining the analytical techniques of Space Syntax. The theoretical underpinnings are minimally described—just enough for the reader to understand the basis of the methods. All examples provided are based on the same hypothetical hospital floor layout for ease of comprehension and comparison. Also, all Space Syntax concepts are italicized for identification. Since the theoretical aspects are not treated in detail, the reader is advised to pay particular attention to the citations for advanced comprehension. This cannot be overemphasized.

scholarly journals Integrating Risk Reduction, Urban Planning and Housing: Lessons From El Salvador

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Christine Wamsler
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
National Level ◽  
Integral Model ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Increasingly, attention has been given to the need to mainstream risk reduction in development work in order to reduce the vulnerability of the urban poor. Using El Salvador as a case study, the paper analyses the mainstreaming process in the developmental disciplines of urban planning and housing. The overall aim is to identify how the existing separation between risk reduction, urban planning and housing can be overcome and integration achieved. Since Hurricane Mitch in 1998, and especially after the 2001 earthquakes, not only relief and development organisations, but also social housing organisations have initiated a shift to include risk reduction in their fields of action in order to address the underlying causes of urban vulnerability. The factors that triggered the process were: 1) the negative experiences of organisations with non-integral projects, 2) the organisations' increased emphasis on working with municipal development, 3) political changes at national level, and more importantly, 4) the introduction and promotion of the concept of risk reduction by international and regional aid organisations. However, required additional knowledge and institutional capacities were mainly built up independently and internally by each organisation, and not through the creation of co-operative partnerships, thus duplicating efforts and increasing ineffective competition. Whilst positive experience has been gained through the implementation of more integral projects, the creation of adequate operational, organisational, institutional and legal frameworks is still in its initial stage. Unfortunately, four years after the 2001 earthquakes, emergency relief funding for post-disaster risk reduction is coming to an end without the allocation of resources for following up and consolidating the initial process. Based on the findings, an integral model is proposed which shows how mainstreaming risk reduction in urban planning and housing could be dealt with in such a way that it becomes more integrated, inclusive and sustainable within a developmental context.

scholarly journals CULT PLACES OF MARI AS A SYMBOL OF CULTURAL IDENTITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-687
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gennadyevich Kudryavtsev
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
The People ◽  
National Movements ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Local Traditions

The article is devoted to the study of places of worship in traditional Mari culture, which are in varying degrees of sacredness. They have so far preserved artifacts and symbols that form the cultural identity of the people. The Mari religion in the most complete local traditions preserves the system of pagan cults and rites. The trend towards the revival of pagan religion and the creation of religious organizations and communities is associated with a general upsurge in national identity. This became necessary in the context of national movements as a means of ethnic self-defense and a factor of ethnocultural revival. Original ethnocultural traditions and formative elements of folk architecture are relevant and important in the design of modern architectural complexes and the creation of small architectural forms in folk architecture, landscape design, and the formation of an ethnocultural environment. Further sacralization of places of worship will contribute to the preservation of natural monuments and the manifestation of artifacts and symbols of cultural identity.

A Crowdsourcing Approach in Urban Design

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Abusaada ◽  
Abeer Elshater
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
The Creation

This chapter examines the problem of excessive similarity when designing new cities. It focuses on the generating of innovative ideas through urban design paradigms. The purpose of this work is to support the efforts of planners and designers toward the creation of new cities based on the concept of cities of singularity. This chapter is a bibliographic review of some conventional Western paradigms in urban planning and design. Based on this work, the three initial singularities of cities can be sketched as being architecturally singular (artwork-like/artistic and organic), societally singular (social, economic, and transcultural), or technologically and informationally singular (smart) in nature. The analytical reading depends on content analysis—which follows the potentiality of exploring the meaning of singularity and its characteristics, indicators, and principles. It collects the interrelationships of the old and new paradigms. The outcomes provide a framework for creating ‘cities of singularity' based on a crowdsourcing approach.

The Parameters of Sustainable Landscape in Persian Garden Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 320-322
Author(s):  
Honey Fadaie ◽  
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Garden Design ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sustainable Landscape

This paper concentrates of results based on study on sustainable parameters in the creation of Persian garden in arid regions of Iran. Persian garden has had special role to moderate local climates for many centuries and nowadays the recognitions of its sustainable features could be a strategy to reduce the total energy consumption. By the analysis of sustainable characteristics of Persian garden, the main goal is to identify sustainable parameters in landscape design for present and future with similar climates could be obtained.

The Analysis of Geographical Culture Reflected in the Local Landscape Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 640-643
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
International Commodity ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Landscape ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Geographical Culture

Today's environmental landscape design is in the midst of internationalization and localization background. With the development of industrial production, the trends of city expansion and increasingly international commodity markets, and then, the regional of cultures have getting into precarious trouble. Based on the reality of urban planning and landscape design in the presence of this problem. We seek to strengthen the regional characteristics of the study of landscape design, establish landscape design of concept regional characteristics, the combination of geographical features landscape and the geographical culture aesthetic. How to put the geographical and cultural harmony into the local landscape design and create a viable method to make some sense of beauty.

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