Textbooks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Eagles
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S

The history of textbooks involves debates over their content, production, marketing, and selection. State regulation often tried to govern the often corrupt processes. At the local and state levels, controversies often erupted; Governor Theodore G. Bilbo, for example, wanted the state to publish textbooks. In the 1950s conservatives such as E. Merrill Root and the Daughters of the American Revolution objected to disloyal textbooks

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF THE STATE REGULATION OF TOURISM: LESSONS FOR UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stoika ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Constituent Element ◽  
State Participation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
Governmental Institutions

Organization of the state regulation of tourism in Ukraine and opportunities for its improvement on the basis of learning from the experience of leading tourist countries in Europe is the purpose of the study. The notion and main purpose of the state regulation of tourist activities is substantiated. It is established that the history of the state regulation of tourism in Ukraine points to the frequent change and re-organization of its central body, which did not facilitate the development of tourism. Analysis of the role of the state in the organization and development of tourist activities in different countries of the world allowed determining four types of models of the state participation in regulation of tourism as a constituent element of economy of the mentioned countries: American, Budget-Forming, European and Mixed. Experience of leading tourist countries (France, Spain, Great Britain and Italy) convinces of the necessity for the efficient building-up of the state bodies responsible for the development of the mentioned branch. Efficient organization of tourism in a country and its state regulation, cooperation with non-governmental institutions, active promotion of the national tourist product, implementation of efficient promotion and PR activities and a developed tourist infrastructure facilitate interest in this country by the tourists and inflow of monetary resources.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
Mark Somos
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Design ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
American State

The conclusion reviews the book’s claims, methods and sources, and summarizes the book’s conclusions concerning the stages and mechanisms in the evolution of the distinct American state of nature discourse. Placing the American state of nature discourse in its broader intellectual and chronological context, and comparing the state of nature to property and liberty as a fundamental and orientational concept for the colonists, the chapter asserts that without due attention to the state of nature discourse, no history of the American Revolution and early constitutional design can be written.

scholarly journals DISCRIMINATION, OPPORTUNITY, AND MIDDLE-CLASS SUCCESS IN EARLY COMMUNIST HUNGARY

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES MARK
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
The State ◽  
Central European ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S

This article explores the middle-class response to life under the early Communist state in Hungary. It is based on an oral history of the Budapest bourgeoisie, and challenges some of the dominant indigenous representations of the central European middle class as persecuted victims who were forced into ‘internal exile’ by the Stalinist state. Despite being officially discriminated against as ‘former exploiters’, large numbers achieved educational and professional success. Their skills were increasingly needed in the rapid modernization of the 1950s, and the state provided them with semi-official opportunities to remake themselves into acceptable Communist citizens. Middle-class testimony revealed how individuals constructed politically appropriate public personas to ensure their own upward mobility; they hid aspects of their pasts, created ‘class conscious’ autobiographies, and learnt how to demonstrate sufficient political loyalty. The ways in which individuals dealt with integrating into a system which officially sought to exclude them and which many disliked ideologically is then examined. In order to ‘cope with success’, respondents in this project invented new stories about themselves to justify the compromises they had made to ensure their achievements. These narratives are analysed as evidence of specifically Communist middle-class identities.

Infrastructure in the Making: The Chao Phraya Dam and the Dance of Agency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakkrit Sangkhamanee
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Infrastructure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infrastructure Project ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
First World ◽  
Conflicting Goals

AbstractThe article explores the process behind the construction of the Chao Phraya Dam, the first World Bank-funded water infrastructure project in Thailand, developed during the 1950s. Employing Andrew Pickering's ‘dance of agency’ concept in examining the process of turning financial and technical assistance into a workable project, I argue that development infrastructure, like the Chao Phraya Dam, provides a space to explore the dialectic operations – accommodation and resistance – of agency and the unstable associations among diverse actors, expertise, institutions, and materials, as well as practices. Recounting the history of the dam in the making, I explore a series of entanglements through different dances of agency, namely initiation, assessment, mobilisation, negotiation, adjustment, confrontation, and settlement. Such a multiplicity of dancesinsideandin the makingof infrastructure reflects the techno-political entanglement encompassing the manifold negotiation and adjustment of conflicting goals, interests, recognition, and cooperation among different agencies. The dam, often portrayed as an engineering achievement of the state, is in fact the result of unanticipated relations and the responses to the temporal emerging forms of practices.

The Simultaneity of Compliance and Resistance (既顺从又抗爭：佛教、虛雲與五十年代的中共政权)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-246
Author(s):  
Hung-yok Ip
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Spiritual Practice ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Chinese Buddhism ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Chinese Buddhists

To examine the history of Chinese Buddhism in the early Communist regime, I propose to study Xuyun (虛雲, 1840–1958), one of the pre-eminent monks in modern China. I will delineate the ways in which Xuyun brought his religion in line with Marxist politics. To help Buddhism secure a place in the early People’s Republic of China, he took part in the construction of a new Buddhism compatible with socialist ideology. However, I would venture to conceptualize as resistance some of Xuyun’s efforts to preserve Buddhism. This article examines his resistance at two levels. First, while working hard to prove the value of Buddhism to the state, Xuyun mounted what can be regarded as rightful resistance. When possible, he confronted policies and authorities that hurt the sangha, but did so without challenging the legitimacy of theccp. Second, in the 1950s, Xuyun strove to instruct Chinese Buddhists in self-cultivation. As he shared his experience and knowledge about spiritual practice with fellow Buddhists, he showed them, especially monastics, how to uphold Buddhist ideals in a political context marked by hostility towards religions.為了探究五十年代中共政權下的佛教歷史，本文探討現代中國最傑出的法師之一，虛雲法師 (1840–1958) 如何調整自己的宗教来適應馬克思主義政權。為了使佛教能夠在新中國成立之初生存，虛雲法師參與了構建與社會主義意識形態相適應的新佛教。但是，本文進一步嘗試把虛雲法師保存佛教的一些努力定義為抗爭，細究他在如下兩個方面的反抗：首先，在向國家證明佛教價值的同時，虛雲始終在正當性的名義下進行抗爭。在不挑戰中共政權合法性的前提下，他試圖抵抗對僧團不利的政策和政治權威。其次，虛雲法師在50年代堅持延續佛教、特别是禪宗的修行傳統。他希望佛門弟子，尤其是僧人，能在反宗教的政治氣候下繼續延續佛教的理念—这，對虛雲而言，是更重要的抗爭。

Pitt and Peel—1783–4, 1834–5

1899 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117-136
Author(s):  
Frank H. Hill
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Working Through ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Force ◽  
George Iii ◽  
The Revolution

The classic view of the struggle between George III. and the Whig aristocracy, which had its climax and catastrophe in the years 1783–4, is given with great force in Sir George Trevelyan's ‘History of the American Revolution.’ ‘By the time,’ he writes, ‘George III. had been on the throne ten years, there were no two opinions about the righteousness and wisdom of the Revolution of 1688. To hear them talk they were all Whigs together, but meanwhile, under their eyes and with their concurrence, a despotism of subtle and insidious texture was being swiftly and deftly interwoven into the entire fabric of the constitution. The strong will, the imperious character and the patient unresting industry of the King, working through subservient Ministers on a corrupt Parliament, had made him master of the State as effectively and far more securely than if his authority had rested on the support of an army of foreign mercenaries.’

scholarly journals Organizational and economic prerequisites for integration of business structures into fishing industry of Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Olga Yurievna Michurina ◽  
Nataliya Aleksandrovna Dubinina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Legal Forms

The article focuses on the importance of the Russian fisheries sector as a strategically important industry for the country and a guarantor of Russia's food security. Integration processes that permeate the Russian economy inevitably involve fisheries enterprises in soft and hard integration relationships, forming business associations in various organizational and legal forms. By engaging with each other, the fishing industry enterprises, and after them the country's economy as a whole, get a number of advantages and the positive potential for further development. To build a system of prerequisites for the integration of business structures into the fishing industry of the Russian Federation, there has been carried out the study of historical factors and events of the state regulation of the industry. It has been stated that throughout the history of the Russian fisheries sector, its competitiveness has been ensured by the state support measures. Evidence for this can be found in studying the periods of industry collapse and recovery in post-communist Russia. As a result of systematic measures taken by the state in the field of legislation and institutional decisions, the Russian fisheries sector has undergone some positive changes over the past decades: reducing corruption, restoring positive dynamics in all areas of industry development, increasing investment potential, and increasing catch volumes. There have been identified the historical and institutional prerequisites for the integration of business structures in the fishing industry of modern Russia. The developed system of prerequisites will become the basis for further research in terms of substantiating promising forms of business associations, the implementation of which can have a positive impact on the country and world competitiveness of the Russian fisheries sector

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

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