Management of Astrakhan region development in conditions of digital economy formation

Digitalization of all spheres of the economy and social relations in the country sets the vector of changes in the management of regional economies. Having analyzed the most important directions for the domestic economy, enshrined in the national program Digital Economy of the Russian Federation, the absence of any significant references to the regions as subjects of the digital economy was revealed. It has been stated that for the effective transition to a digital economy the regions should independently develop and implement regional projects taking into account the risks of lagging behind, the potential of the region and available resources. There are considered the opportunities and threats for the regional economies during the transition to the digital economy. The analysis of the role of the state and regions in the formation of the digital economy is carried out. Examples of complex programs and concepts for the development of the digital economy in the regions of Russia are given, the main trends in the implementation of regional digital initiatives are listed. Structural changes in the economy are based on the internal technological and organizational modernization ensuring an increase in the efficiency of economic entities. The priority directions of digitalization of the most important industries and spheres for the Astrakhan region - agriculture, healthcare and city management - are substantiated. For the effective implementation of measures for the transition to the digital economy, it is proposed to create educational pools, taking into account the scientific and educational potential of the region. The formation of educational pools will increase the competitiveness of scientific institutions and educational organizations of region within the framework of training specialists in the above-mentioned industries and spheres.

ESG factors as tool for forming business reputation

The article focuses on the ESG factors determining the activities of most companies in recent years. The relationship between ESG principles and the business reputation of a modern company has been indicated. Business reputation is found to be formed under the influence of a number of factors, among which a responsible attitude to the environment, social responsibility and the quality of corporate governance have come out in the first place in recent years. The analysis proved that the ESG principles are firmly entrenched abroad, the number of companies with an ESG rating is growing exponentially, and their profitability is increasing. It has been stated that the Russian business has not yet included ESG principles as mandatory parameters of active investment strategies. The emphasis is put on the relationship with stakeholders, since it is the stakeholders who evaluate the company's activities from the standpoint of the degree of satisfaction of their needs. The conducted analysis has proved that an assessment includes not only profit maximization and dividend growth, but also the results of social and environmentally responsible practices of companies. It has been inferred that there is a relationship between the sustainable development of the company, its business reputation, the creation of ethical values and taking into account the interests of stakeholders in the company's strategy. It is emphasized that ESGs become an instrument of active investment strategies and a tool that determines the business reputation of the company. The practice of responsible ESG investment has been illustrated, the role of institutional investors in the dissemination of this practice has been highlighted.

Stimulattion of inventive and innovative activities in oil and gas industry

The stimulation of inventive and rationalization activities in Russia should contribute to the transition of the country's economy to an innovative type of development. The foreign experience of stimulating inventive and rationalizing activities is being investigated. The tools, examples of measures to support and stimulate inventive and rationalization activities carried out at the state level in developed countries are considered. Foreign experience shows that the state supports the system of stimulating inventive creativity, both of individual inventors and creative, scientific collectives. The state acts as a sponsor of innovation activities, the instruments of material interest are used to ensure the acceleration of the introduction of inventions into production processes. Legal and methodological regulations stimulating inventive and rationalization activities in the Russian Federation, at oil and gas enterprises are being investigated. The existing methods of supporting inventive and rationalization activities in Russia are not specialized. The promotion of invention in Russia is regulated by legal acts and a methodological framework partially developed in the USSR, as well as in recent years in the Russian Federation. The main methods of direct and indirect government incentives that can be used to support innovation and invention at oil and gas enterprises: budget financing of research organizations and universities, financing of business incubators, technology parks, public procurement of innovative products and services, investment in the capital of financial institutions involved in the creation of innovative projects, the provision of tax incentives, the allocation of preferential government loans and credit guarantees. The necessity of participation of four levels of management in the process of improving the stimulation of inventive and rationalization activities at oil and gas enterprises is substantiated - the state level, the level of subjects of the Russian Federation, the industry level and the level of oil and gas industry enterprises, which will lead to the activation of this direction in the Russian Federation, increase in its activity, the revival of the high social status of inventors and innovators.

Economic security of municipality: evaluation and using results in territory administration

The level of economic security of an individual municipality determines the level of regional and national economic security. To be sufficient it should have an effective management system for the municipality as a whole and its economic security in particular. Assessment of the level of economic security and measures to improve it are appointed as mandatory elements, includes. The need to research the approaches to assessing the level of economic security of a municipality, approbation of individual methods on the example of specific municipalities and using the results obtained to develop solutions for the management of the corresponding territory have been stated. There have been analyzed the practical approaches to defining the essence of the economic security of a municipality and assessing its level. A grate disadvantage of Yu.V. Fartygina and A.V. Ivanov’s methods is their focus on the region’s economy. There was applied the methodology of Zh.A. Mingaleva, which revealed the greatest number of advantages: the availability of the information base, taking into account the peculiarities of the economy of the municipality, the use of differentiated threshold values that allow to draw the conclusions. There was evaluated the Spassky municipal district of Primorsky Kray. The assessment was carried out over the period of 2018-2020, which revealed a low level of economic security of the studied municipality and a negative trend of its change. In order to correlate the results of the assessment of the economic security of the Spassky municipal district with the level of Primorsky Kray, a corresponding comparison was made according to the data over 2020, which proved lagging from the regional average values. The threats to the economic security of the Spassky municipal district were formulated and a system of measures was proposed to increase the level of economic security. The studied system takes into account the factors of the competitiveness of the municipality and modern approaches to the management of the municipality in the Russian Federation.

Factors influencing trajectories of performance-program budgets: survey in municipalities of the middle Euphrates provinces of Iraq

The paper presents the analysis and determines factors effecting the budget program implementation, which leads to decrease the efficiency and effectiveness for budget outcomes provided to public. The importance of a municipality budget program is related to the standards of population living, thus obstructing the implementation of programs cause a direct negative impact upon people’s life. Municipalities seek to optimize the use of resources and allocate them to the planned programs in order to obtain the best results in terms of quantity. Distribution of financial allocations to the planned projects is one of the most important steps in preparing the budget. A negative impact of some factors on the budget programs implementation is proved. There was used a questionnaire to investigate the managers and employees from the related department as accountants, administrators, engineers, and auditors in municipalities of the middle Euphrates of Iraq. Basically, there were interviewed the department managers to design factors affecting the implementation of budget programs and preparing questioners for their employees. There was suggested the hypothesis for the research and determined the factors influencing budget programs trajectories rather than quality or quantity. Among the most important recommendations are emphasized the protection of municipal departments from political parties’ interference, increasing coordination between the municipal departments and the central and local governments, and rehabilitating the controlling system.

Risk identification in projects of transition to renewable electricity consumption

Due to the increasing electricity consumption in the world, rapid spread of renewable energy sources (RES) and the loss of basic generation capacities the electric networks will become vulnerable. There is stated a threat of periodic blackouts, which will be impossible to control. There has been carried out the study aimed to assess the risks of projects of transition to the consumption of renewable electricity. The general scientific methods of comparative analysis, collection and study of information sources, statistical data analysis and synthesis were used. The brainstorm method was used to identify risks. The relevance and directedness of the modern energy industry development has been proved, taking into account the global environmental trends. A SWOT analysis of the distribution and use of renewable energy was carried out. The damage and probability of the main risks of projects of transition to the consumption of renewable electricity are identified and assessed. There have been proposed the methods of risk management of projects of transition to the consumption of renewable electricity. A complete transition to renewable electricity consumption is found impossible for Russia due to high natural, technological, investment, legal and business risks. There is expected a high probability of technological risks affecting the construction of renewable energy generating structures and their connection to the energy system. It has been inferred that for the country’s energy system, its high level of reliability and the ability to switch to backup power sources at any time are important

Qualified personnel migration runoff threatens regional economic security

The article considers the concept of economic security in accordance with the provisions of the Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030. The urgency of the intellectual migration problem for the regions and its influence on the economic potential of the state entity are emphasized. Today, the issues of reducing labor resources and high rates of the growing migration outflow of the population, which threatens the economic security of the region, acquire special significance for the modern research. Ensuring the regional economic security is possible under the condition of purposeful interaction of the forces and means capable of resisting threats, one of which is the migration outflow. There have been analyzed the statistical data of migration processes, of the labor market and the number of registered organizations and enterprises in the region in the case of the Astrakhan region, proved the impact of migration outflow on the innovation and economic security of the region. There are presented the diagrams of the structure of the leaving population aged 14 and older in the regional context of the Southern Federal District in 2019; migration growth of the population aged 14 years and older with higher professional education by the regions of the Southern Federal District in 2019. A graph of the growth rate of inventive activity over 2015-2020 has been illustrated. A diagram of the number of registered organizations, the growth rate of their number, as well as the average annual number of people employed in the economy of the Astrakhan region in 2018-2020 has been built. The correlation analysis of the probabilistic relationship between two variables - the indicators of the innovative sector of the economy and the number of enterprises and organizations in the region - has been carried out. The conclusions show the objectivity of the migration outflow impact as a threat to the economic security of the region, the need to ensure control over intellectual migration.

Achievements against problems: for 60th anniversary of human capital theory

The article considers the most important achievements of the human capital theory. Taking into account the theory’s versatility and ambiguity of approaches to its main theses, advisability of a systemic view on its evolution and role in modern science is indicated. The 60th anniversary of the official birth of the theory in 1962 was taken as a special reason for rethinking its achievements. There are given the main scientific human capital theory’s results, which expanded, deepened and supplemented the scientific knowledge over the period from the end XX century until the beginning of the XXI century. Among the results are the increasing importance of investments in human development, development of economic growth theories, classification and systematization of human productive qualities, development of interdisciplinary researches of human being and human capital, accumulation of empirical researches’ data bases, optimization of investment policies in different countries and regions, actualization of studying trends and problems in the field of science and education, development of futuristic ideas, extension of labor market researches, improvement of the personnel management theory and methodology. It has been emphasized that the existence of modern approaches to human capital development does not mean their widespread implementation in practice: an objective reality imposed by many factors does not always contribute to the effective use of individuals’ productive qualities. For Russia there are singled out the following factors: the economy’s structural problems, imbalances in supply and demand in the labor market, discrepancy between available human capital and quality of jobs, and some other factors that can neutralize positive effects of the human capital development.

Industrial symbiosis in circular economy

In Russian Federation the questions of transformation of the current linear model of economy into the low-carbon model having the least negative impact on the environment are very urgent. Among the ways to realize the required transition scientists recognize the introduction of the concept of circular economy, as well as the organization of a system of interaction between industrial enterprises on the basis of the principles of industrial symbiosis. The scope of application of the industrial symbiosis model in the circular economy remains insufficiently studied in the scientific environment, which actualizes its solution. There has been defined the hierarchy of conceptual and categorical apparatus of industrial symbiosis in the circular economy. Integration of the companies on the basis of using the model of industrial symbiosis takes place due to the combination of environmental and economic interests of its participants by forming the industrial value chain. Symbiotic links involve the rational use of resources, which leads to the less intensive production processes and, consequently, to the reduced carbon emissions. Obtaining a synergistic effect is an incentive that encourages industrial structures to form symbiotic links. There has been stated the growth of transaction costs, which can be designated as a negative effect of the industrial symbiosis model. The directions for reducing this influence are proposed: improving the pricing model for industrial waste, taking into account territorial proximity and the need for industry associations and unions to participate in finding partners. The concept of industrial symbiosis is considered and clarified, which includes the principles, purpose and effects to characterize this term. The conclusion about the role of industrial symbiosis in the circular economy has been made.

Digital transformation of management system of institutions of additional education of schoolchildren

The article focuses on studying the modern trends of digital transformation of the management system of institutions of additional education of schoolchildren. Theoretical and methodological provisions have been scientifically substantiated and practical recommendations have been developed to improve the management system of additional education of schoolchildren in the context of digital transformations. It is proved that the institution of extracurricular education is also a community characterized by dedication, formal and informal structures, autonomy, cyclicality, freedom of choice of extracurricular activities. For the first time it was proposed to use a system-cybernetic approach to the strategic management of institutions of additional education of schoolchildren based on the procedural model of strategic management and the information management system, tested in the management system of Russian Childrenʼs Center “Ocean”. It is proved that Management Information Systems (MIS) uses the information necessary for top managers at all levels in making operational, tactical and strategic decisions. The advantages and positive factors for institutions of the sphere of additional education of schoolchildren from the introduction of MIS within the boundaries of the procedural model of strategic management are highlighted. The characteristic features of the management activities of the subjects of management of institutions of additional education of schoolchildren are outlined. There are presented the management models, the knowledge of which will provide the heads of organizations of extracurricular education with data on selecting MIS. The importance of further development of the theory, methodology and practice in the strategic management of additional education of schoolchildren in the context of digital transformations has been proved.