Urban Change and Reform Agendas in Cleveland’s Black Middle-Class Neighborhoods, 1950–1980

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Michney
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Black Middle Class ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
The City ◽  
Middle Class Blacks

This chapter looks at the ambitious reform agenda that black middle-class activist residents went on to mount in these outlying city neighbourhoods, encompassing housing upkeep, business revitalization, traffic safety, trash removal, and efforts to reduce liquor availability, juvenile delinquency, vice, and crime – all in an attempt to maintain what they considered an acceptable quality of life. Perhaps the most ambitious effort along these lines was a venture in which a group of African American investors purchased and renovated the Lee-Harvard Shopping Center, making it during its existence from 1972-1978 the “largest black-owned commercial complex in the nation.” Sometimes these reform efforts involved moralizing or exhibited an explicit class bias; upwardly mobile middle-class blacks did not always recognize that less well-off newcomers were motivated by similar concerns with liveability. In the end, however, their various attempts to take charge of their lives and communities contributed to the long-term vitality of these neighbourhoods and the city as a whole.

scholarly journals Quality of models supplied to dental laboratories for the fabrication of partial removable denture framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma de Vasconcelos MENEZES ◽  
Thais Carine SILVA ◽  
Catia Maria Fonseca GUERRA ◽  
Renata CIMÕES ◽  
Bruna de Carvalho Farias VAJGEL
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Metallic Structure ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
The City ◽  
Plaster Models

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the models and plannings of metallic framework of removable partial prosthesis sent to dental laboratories in the city of Recife. Methods: The physical and technical conditions of plaster models were sent by the dentists to 4 dental laboratories. All models were examined, photographed and recorded on a form according to the research objective. Results: A total number of 235 models sent by dental surgeons were used to prepare the metallic structure, in which none of the models presented surveying nor the path of insertion. Out of the 235 models, 41 (17.44%) presented serious failures, such as positive and negative bubbles, broken dental elements, direct retainers and damaged edentulous areas. With respect to the planning, only 22 (9.35%) models were presented with the metallic framework planning, but in an unsatisfactory way. Regarding mouth preparation, no model presented a guide plane, and only 6.8% of models had rests seats, but incorrectly prepared. Conclusion: The models evaluated presented poor quality, lack of planning and no mouth preparation. This shows the need for dental surgeons to be aware of the appropriate prosthesis models and plannings in order to ensure a satisfactory and long-term rehabilitation of the patient, as well as preserving the remaining mouth structures.

The Gujarat Pogrom

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvis Ghassem-Fachandi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
The City ◽  
Economic Discipline

This chapter talks about how middle-class Ahmedabadis either simply denied the massacres at Gulbarg Society and Naroda Patiya, or they explained everything by the reciprocal logic of anger (krodh), riot (tofan), and reaction (pratikriya). Most middle-class residents of the city speak pejoratively about the quality of life in the mill areas of east Ahmedabad, and they invoked these notions when accounting for the violence there. They routinely refer to a lack of economic discipline and ethic cultivation as explanations for social neglect and destitution. People also frequently used ambiguous expressions, such as je thayu te joyu (what has happened, that I have seen), in their depictions. In contrast to this ambiguity, there was often clarity of details narrated in an air of unself-conscious fascination, which leads to the conclusion that most of the details were from secondhand accounts and not personally witnessed.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Michney
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Black Middle Class ◽  
Predatory Lending ◽  
Elderly Home ◽  
Foreclosure Crisis ◽  
Mount Pleasant ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Middle Class Blacks

By the mid-1970s, upwardly mobile middle-class African Americans were increasingly departing neighbourhoods like Glenville, Mount Pleasant, and Lee-Harvard for a number of nearby bona fide suburbs. As a result, such former “surrogate suburbs” began to lose their lustre, although a core (generally elderly), home-owning black middle class still remains in these outlying city neighbourhoods to this day. Starting in the 1990s, Cleveland experienced a wave of predatory lending that culminated in the 2008 foreclosure crisis. Although middle class blacks in Cleveland as elsewhere have been disproportionately impacted by this trend, they have continued their historic strategy of outward geographic mobility in search of acceptable living conditions, even to the farthest metropolitan limits.

The Car and the City

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blanke
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Congested Traffic ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Recent Phase ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The City

The relationship between the car and the city remains complex and involves numerous private and public forces, innovations in technology, global economic fluctuations, and shifting cultural attitudes that only rarely consider the efficiency of the automobile as a long-term solution to urban transit. The advantages of privacy, speed, ease of access, and personal enjoyment that led many to first embrace the automobile were soon shared and accentuated by transit planners as the surest means to realize the long-held ideals of urban beautification, efficiency, and accessible suburbanization. The remarkable gains in productivity provided by industrial capitalism brought these dreams within reach and individual car ownership became the norm for most American families by the middle of the 20th century. Ironically, the success in creating such a “car country” produced the conditions that again congested traffic, raised questions about the quality of urban (and now suburban) living, and further distanced the nation from alternative transit options. The “hidden costs” of postwar automotive dependency in the United States became more apparent in the late 1960s, leading to federal legislation compelling manufacturers and transit professionals to address the long-standing inefficiencies of the car. This most recent phase coincides with a broader reappraisal of life in the city and a growing recognition of the material limits to mass automobility.

scholarly journals Poverty Alleviation Through the Program Slums in the City of Kendari, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Joko Tri Brata ◽  
La Ode Bariun ◽  
Asri Djauhar ◽  
Andi Gusti Tantu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The long-term goal of the concept of poverty reduction is to give the same level of welfare for the Indonesian people, and in this research is the development of innovative Models of Poverty Reduction, with the subject on (1) How the application design model of the institutional prevention of poverty through interface Program Quality Improvement of Slums and (2) how the efforts in governance of slum through simulation integration with poverty alleviation. The method used is the description by sharpening the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) about the handling of the slums in the city of Kendari and intervention efforts Increase the quality of housing and slums, so that the governance model can be used in other areas in Southeast Sulawesi.

Struggles over the Use of Public Space: Exploring Moralities and Narratives of Inequality. Cartoneros and Vecinos in Buenos Aires

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATALIA COSACOV ◽  
MARIANO D. PERELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

AbstractBased on extensive and long-term ethnographic fieldwork carried out between 2002 and 2009, and by analysing the presence, use and struggles over public space of cartoneros and vecinos in middle-class and central neighbourhoods of the city of Buenos Aires, this article examines practices, moralities and narratives operating in the production and maintenance of social inequalities. Concentrating on spatialised interactions, it shows how class inequalities are reproduced and social distances are generated in the struggle over public space. For this, two social situations are addressed. First, we explore the way in which cartoneros build routes in middle-class neighbourhoods in order to carry out their task. Second, we present an analysis of the eviction process of a cartonero settlement in the city.

Thomas Chalmers, David Nasmith, and the Origins of the City Mission Movement

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Ian J. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Lay Leadership ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Mission ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mission Movement ◽  
The City

The development of important models for urban mission took place in early nineteenth-century Glasgow. Thomas Chalmers’ work is widely known, but that of David Nasmith has been the subject of less study. This article explores the ideas shared by Chalmers and Nasmith, and their influence on the development of the city mission movement. Areas of common ground included the need for extensive domestic visitation, the mobilisation of the laity including a middle- class lay leadership, efficient organisation, emphasis on education, and discerning provision of charity. In the long term Chalmers struggled to recruit and retain sufficient volunteers to sustain his parochial urban mission scheme. However, Nasmith’s pan-evangelical scheme succeeded in attracting a steady stream of lay recruits to work as city missioners, as well as mission directors. Through their agency a significant attempt was made to reach those amongst the urban masses who had little or no church connection.

All’s Fair? The Foreclosure Crisis and Middle-Class Black (In)Stability

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1565-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyn Lacy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Middle Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Core ◽  
Foreclosure Crisis ◽  
Middle Class Blacks

Is the protracted foreclosure crisis eroding the Black middle class? Foreclosure rates in the United States have reached an all-time high. Blacks have been hit especially hard by this crisis. I focus here on intraclass distinctions within the Black middle class precisely because scholars and journalists so often fail to distinguish between the experiences of the Black lower middle class and those of middle and upper-class Blacks, leaving the unintended impression that middle-class Blacks all have the same odds of losing their home. I argue that conventional explanations of the foreclosure crisis as a racialized event should be amended to account for the differential impact of the crisis on three distinct groups of middle-class Blacks: the lower middle class, the core middle class, and the upper or elite middle class.

The Iconic Ghetto

2012 ◽  
Vol 642 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Middle Class ◽  
Powerful Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Racial Divide ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
The City

In the minds of many Americans, the ghetto is where “the black people live,” symbolizing an impoverished, crime-prone, drug-infested, and violent area of the city. Aided by the mass media and popular culture, this image of the ghetto has achieved an iconic status, and serves as a powerful source of stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination. The history of racism in America, along with the ascription of “ghetto” to anonymous blacks, has burdened blacks with a negative presumption they must disprove before they can establish mutually trusting relationships with others. The poorest blacks occupy a caste-like status, and for the black middle class, contradictions and dilemmas of status are common, underscoring the racial divide and exacerbating racial tensions.

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