scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY AMONG PATIENTS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Aftab ◽  
Muzammal Aslam Kataria ◽  
Rana Muhammad Arif
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Duration Of Disease

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide over the last two decades. Many complications and problems are associated with HIV like lipodystrophy, retarded growth in young patients, impaired endocrine and renal functioning and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To determine the frequency of adrenal insufficiency among patients of human immunodeficiency virus presenting to HIV clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: HIV clinic, Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Study Duration: August, 2019 to February, 2020. Material and Methods: A total of 180 patients of HIV presenting to HIV clinic of Jinnah hospital Lahore and fulfilling the selection criteria were approached after approval from ethical review board an informed consent was taken from the subject and an ACTH stimulation test was performed and adrenal Insufficiency was diagnosed. Intramuscular injection of 0.25 mg of synthetic ACTH was administered to all patients; and after 60 minutes serum cortisol was measured. A peak stimulated cortisol of less than 20 mcg/dl was labeled as adrenal insufficiency. Results: Mean and standard deviation of the age was 42.16 ± 17.31 years. Male patients were 56.1% while female patients were 43.9%.  Adrenal insufficiency was present in 38.3% patients while it was absent in 61.7% patients. No significant association found between age and presence of adrenal insufficiency (p=0.280). Also no significant association found between duration of disease and adrenal insufficiency (p=.557). There was a significant association found between intake of antiretroviral therapy and presence of adrenal insufficiency having (p<0.005) Conclusion: Adrenal insufficiency was found in significant number of HIV patients but effect modifiers like age, duration of disease did not show significant association except intake of antiretroviral therapy.

scholarly journals Cryptococcus neoformans infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected patients at an inner-city tertiary care hospital in the Bronx

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Ah Yoon ◽  
Uriel Felsen ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Liise-anne Pirofski
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the most significant predisposing condition, but persons with other immunodeficiency states as well as phenotypically normal persons develop cryptococcosis. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of cryptococcosis between 2005 and 2017 at our inner-city medical center in the Bronx, an epicenter of AIDS in New York City, and analyzed demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment, and mortality for these patients. In sum, 63% of the cases over this 12-year period occurred in HIV-infected patients. And 61% of the HIV-infected patients were non-adherent with antiretroviral therapy, 10% were newly diagnosed with AIDS, and 4% had unmasking cryptococcus-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The majority were Hispanic or black in ethnicity/race. HIV-uninfected patients (47/126) were older (P &lt; .0001), and the majority had an immunocompromising condition. They were less likely to have a headache (P = .0004) or fever (P = .03), had prolonged time to diagnosis (P = .04), higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose levels (P = .001), less CSF culture positivity (P = .03), and a higher 30-day mortality (P = .03). Cases in HIV-uninfected patients were often unsuspected during their initial evaluation, leading to a delay in infectious diseases consultation, which was associated with mortality (P = .03). Our study indicates that HIV infection remains the most important predisposing factor for cryptococcosis despite availability of antiretroviral therapy and highlights potential missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis and differences in clinical and prognostic factors between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients.

scholarly journals Is ventricular arrhythmias the end for all conditions ?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Goktug Ertem ◽  
Mehmet Akif Erdol ◽  
Koray Demirtas ◽  
Sefa Unal ◽  
Mustafa Karanfil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Medical Status ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Dear Editor, We read the article entitled “Abnormal Dispersion of Ventricular Repolarization as a Risk Factor in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Tp-e Interval, Tp-e/QTc Ratio” by Unal Evren et al. with interest[1]. The authors evaluated the changes in Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/corrected QT (QTc) ratios, and traditional electrocardiographic features of electrical dispersion in adults infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and their study revealed that the cTp-e interval, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios were prolonged and correlated to the severity of the disease in HIV-infected patients. Previous studies have revealed that the Tp–e interval, the Tpeak-Tend interval (Tpe), the interval from the T-wave peak to the end of the T wave, has been related to arrhythmogenesis, is specified as an index of totaldispersion of repolarization[2]. Prolonged Tp–e interval is predictable for ventricular arrhythmias and mortality [3]. Unal et al. showed that HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) were associated withlonger Tp–e interval and Tp–e/QTc ratio and correlated positively with the duration of disease and the electrophysiologicalabnormalities, and negatively with CD4 count[4]. There were no informations about medical status of patients with HIV, duration of the disease and why hsCRP is higher in patients’ group. The patients were in active phases of infection. We think that these are important datas for results of the study. We thank the authors for adding this article to the literature

scholarly journals Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Antenatal Mothers in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Dhrubajyoti Sarkar ◽  
Banasree Bhadra ◽  
Suvobrata Sarkar ◽  
Biswajit Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Integrated Counseling

ABSTRACT Objective To know the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among antenatal mothers. Materials and methods It is a retrospective study of antenatal mothers attending the integrated counseling and testing centre (ICTC), College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, from January 2009 to December 2013. Antenatal mothers were counseled and in those willing to undergo test rapid testing was done. First time positive cases were retested two more times by two different companies rapid test kit. The samples were considered as positive when found reactive by all three different methods. Results In our study, a total number of 11343 new antenatal mothers were registered. The pretest counseling could be done for 9437 antenatal mothers. After counseling, testing could be done in 9211 antenatal mothers. In our 5 years study period, a total of six cases were HIV positive. Out of these HIV positive cases, three were in 2009, no case was detected in 2010, one was in 2011, one in 2012 and one in 2013. Thus, the incidence of HIV (in tested mothers) is 0.13% in 2009, 0 in 2010, 0.06% in 2011, 0.07% in 2012 and 0.05% in 2013. Overall incidence was 0.065%. Conclusion There is a declining trend of HIV prevalence among antenatal mothers reflecting that prevention campaigns are working effectively. How to cite this article Bhadra B , S arkar D , S arkar S ,Chakraborty B. Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Antenatal Mothers in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(3):159-162.

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