Direct and indirect influence of coronavirus on livestock production management

The pandemic is not new in the history of humanity. The pandemic called COVID-19 disease has a great impact on the actions and activities of humanity and consequently on the Environment. Food demand and thus food security are greatly affected due to mobility restrictions, reduced purchasing power and with a greater impact on the most vulnerable population groups. The COVID-19 crisis has threatened the livestock production, food security and nutrition of millions of people, many of whom were already suffering. This review paper highlights these effects and proffered solutions to the problems. La pandémie n'est pas nouvelle dans l'histoire de l'humanité. La pandémie appelée maladie COVID-19 a un grand impact sur les actions et les activités de l'humanité et par conséquent sur l'environnement. La demande alimentaire et donc la sécurité alimentaire sont fortement affectées en raison des restrictions de mobilité, de la réduction du pouvoir d'achat et d'un impact plus important sur les groupes de population les plus vulnérables. La crise du COVID-19 a menacé la production animale, la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition de millions de personnes, dont beaucoup souffraient déjà. Cet article de synthèse met en évidence ces effets et propose des solutions aux problèmes.

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Food insecurity access scale and dietary score as proxy indicators of nutritional status among backyard livestock households during COVID-19 pandemic in Southwest Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v48i4.2994 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 227-239

Author(s):

M. A. Popoola ◽

M. O. Yahaya ◽

O. O. Awodola-Peters ◽

G. L. Adebisi ◽

M. O. Bolarinwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Probit Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sécurité Alimentaire ◽

Southwest Nigeria ◽

Food Insecurity Access

Food insecurity and dietary diversity of households are important nutrition outcome which have been found reliable in assessing the dietary intake of a population during a determined period and they have been used as indicators of food security among households. A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 374 households that were involved in backyard livestock production in Southwest Nigeria during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Household dietary diversity (HDD) was measured using 12 different foods from which the HDD score was estimated, which is a continuous score ranged from 0 to 12, and was recoded to a three-level ordered categorical variable. Food insecurity was also assessed using household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) generated from nine items (questions) specific to an experience of food insecurity occurring within the previous four weeks among the households. A probit regression model was specified to determine the variables responsible for increasing the probability of the households being food insecured during the lockdown. Result showed that more than half of households involved in backyard livestock production was within medium dietary diversity category (71.7%) and moderately had access to food (75.4%). State of residence, household size, income generated by members of households, species of livestock raised and purpose of livestock production were major determinants of food insecurity (access) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among the respondents. Thus, there is need to promote sustainable and diversification of livelihood among households through backyard livestock production in a bid to increase and sustain their food security status. L'insécurité alimentaire et la diversité alimentaire des ménages sont des résultats nutritionnels importants qui se sont avérés fiables pour évaluer l'apport alimentaire d'une population pendant une période déterminée et qui ont été utilisées comme indicateurs de la sécurité alimentaire des ménages. Une conception d'étude transversale basée sur les installations a été menée sur 374 ménages impliqués dans la production de bétail de basse- cour dans le sud-ouest du Nigéria pendant le confinement de la pandémie COVID-19. La diversité alimentaire des ménages (HDD) a été mesurée à l'aide de 12 aliments différents à partir desquels le score HDD a été estimé, qui est un score continu allant de 0 à 12, et a été recodé en une variable catégorielle ordonnée à trois niveaux. L'insécurité alimentaire a également été évaluée à l'aide de l'échelle d'accès à l'insécurité alimentaire des ménages (HFIAS) générée à partir de neuf éléments (questions) spécifiques à une expérience d'insécurité alimentaire survenue au cours des quatre semaines précédentes parmi les ménages. Un modèle de régression probit a été spécifié pour déterminer les variables responsables de l'augmentation de la probabilité que les ménages soient en situation d'insécurité alimentaire pendant le confinement. Les résultats ont montré que plus de la moitié des ménages impliqués dans la production de bétail de basse-cour appartenaient à la catégorie de diversité alimentaire moyenne (71.7%) et avaient modérément accès à la nourriture (75.4%). L'état de résidence, la taille du ménage, les revenus générés par les membres des ménages, les espèces de bétail élevées et le but de la production animale étaient les principaux déterminants de l'insécurité alimentaire (accès) pendant le confinement de la pandémie COVID-19 parmi les répondants. Ainsi, il est nécessaire de promouvoir la durabilité et la diversification des moyens de subsistance parmi les ménages grâce à la production de bétail de basse-cour dans le but d'augmenter et de maintenir leur niveau de sécurité alimentaire.

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Using natural areas and empowering women to buffer food security and nutrition from climate shocks: Evidence from Ghana, Zambia, and Bangladesh

10.2499/1032568631 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Natural Areas ◽

Food Security And Nutrition ◽

Climate Shocks

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Indicators for examining links between agriculture, food security, and nutrition

10.2499/9780896292864_02 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Security And Nutrition

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High food insecurity in Latinx families and associated COVID-19 infection in the Greater Bay Area, California

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-021-00419-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Milagro Escobar ◽

Andrea DeCastro Mendez ◽

Maria Romero Encinas ◽

Sofia Villagomez ◽

Janet M. Wojcicki

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

San Francisco ◽

Employment Status ◽

The United States ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Bay Area ◽

Household Food ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Food insecurity impacts nearly one-in-four Latinx households in the United States and has been exacerbated by the novel coronavirus or COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We examined the impact of COVID-19 on household and child food security in three preexisting, longitudinal, Latinx urban cohorts in the San Francisco Bay Area (N = 375 households, 1875 individuals). Households were initially recruited during pregnancy and postpartum at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG) and UCSF Benioff prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. For this COVID-19 sub-study, participants responded to a 15-min telephonic interview. Participants answered 18 questions from the US Food Security Food Module (US HFSSM) and questions on types of food consumption, housing and employment status, and history of COVID-19 infection as per community or hospital-based testing. Food security and insecurity levels were compared with prior year metrics. Results We found low levels of household food security in Latinx families (by cohort: 29.2%; 34.2%; 60.0%) and child food security (56.9%, 54.1%, 78.0%) with differences between cohorts explained by self-reported levels of education and employment status. Food security levels were much lower than those reported previously in two cohorts where data had been recorded from prior years. Reported history of COVID-19 infection in households was 4.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI); 1.5–14.3%); 7.2% (95%CI, 3.6–13.9%) and 3.5% (95%CI, 1.7–7.2%) by cohort and was associated with food insecurity in the two larger cohorts (p = 0.03; p = 0.01 respectively). Conclusions Latinx families in the Bay Area with children are experiencing a sharp rise in food insecurity levels during the COVID-19 epidemic. Food insecurity, similar to other indices of poverty, is associated with increased risk for COVID-19 infection. Comprehensive interventions are needed to address food insecurity in Latinx populations and further studies are needed to better assess independent associations between household food insecurity, poor nutritional health and risk of COVID-19 infection.

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