scholarly journals The effect of protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and expression of growth-related genes and amino acid transporters in broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-627
Author(s):  
Jae Hong Park ◽  
Sang In Lee ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters

scholarly journals Supplemental leucine and isoleucine affect expression of cationic amino acid transporters and myosin, serum concentration of amino acids, and growth performance of pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cervantes-Ramírez ◽  
V. Mendez-Trujillo ◽  
B.A. Araiza-Piña ◽  
M.A. Barrera-Silva ◽  
D. González-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Cationic Amino Acid ◽  
Affect Expression

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism and Plasma Metabolites of Fattening Holstein Bulls

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Jinshan Yang ◽  
Jian Zheng ◽  
Xinpeng Fang ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Yukun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Daily Gain

N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a structural analog of N-acetylglutamate, improves nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. However, the effects of NCG on bulls are unknown. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the effects of adding different amounts of NCG on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and plasma metabolites of fattening Holstein bulls. Twenty-four Holstein bulls with similar body weights (BW, 408 ± 21.9 kg) and ages (450 ± 6.1 d; all mean ± SD) were selected for the feeding trial. After 2 weeks of adaptation, bulls were blocked by BW and age and subsequently randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) CON group (control diet), (2) L group (supplementation with 20 mg/kg BW NCG), (3) M group (supplementation with 40 mg/kg BW NCG), or (4) H group (supplementation with 80 mg/kg BW NCG). The addition of NCG linearly and quadratically increased the average daily gain (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 1.03 vs. 1.19 vs. 1.40 vs. 1.26 kg/d) (p < 0.05), feed conversion ratio (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 11.92 vs. 9.22 vs. 7.76 vs. 8.62) (p < 0.05), crude protein digestibility (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 64.3 vs. 63.8 vs. 67.7 vs. 65.8%) (0.05 < p < 0.10), N retention (p < 0.05) and N utilization (p < 0.05) of bulls, whereas the contents of fecal N (0.05 < p < 0.10) and urinary N (0.05 < p < 0.10) in NCG-fed bulls linearly decreased compared with those in CON bulls. Bulls fed NCG showed a quadratic increased plasma nitric oxide (p < 0.05) concentration. Furthermore, Arg (p < 0.05), Ile (p < 0.05), Val (p < 0.05), Ala (p < 0.05), Glu (p < 0.05), Ser (p < 0.05), total essential amino acid (p < 0.05) and total nonessential amino acid (p < 0.05) concentrations linearly and quadratically increased with increasing doses of NCG. In contrast, plasma urea (p < 0.05) and ammonia (p < 0.05) concentration linearly and quadratically decreased with increasing doses of NCG. Overall, the addition of NCG increased plasma Arg, Ile, Val, TEAA and TNEAA concentration, which in turn resulted in a higher N utilization and, therefore, higher average daily gain in NCG-fed bulls, providing baseline data for the widespread application of NCG in beef cattle production.

scholarly journals Effects of Encapsulated Cinnamaldehyde on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive and Absorptive Functions, Meat Quality and Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Yang ◽  
M S Diarra ◽  
J Choi ◽  
A Rodas-Gonzalez ◽  
D Lepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Acid Transporter

Abstract Essential oils are potential antimicrobial alternatives and their applications in animal feeds are limited due to their fast absorption in upper gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated the effects of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (CIN) at 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg on the growth performance, organ weights, meat quality, intestinal morphology, jejunal gene expression, nutrient digestibility, and ileal and cecal microbiota. A total of 320 male day-old broiler Cobb-500 chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 8 pens per treatment (10 birds per pen): 1) basal diet (negative control, NC); 2) basal diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg avilamycin premix (positive control, PC); 3) basal diet with 50 mg/kg encapsulated CIN (EOL); 4) basal diet with 100 mg/kg encapsulated CIN (EOH). Despite birds fed EOH tended to increase (P = 0.05) meat pH at 24 h, all pH values were normal. Similar to PC group, meat from birds fed EOL and EOH showed a reduced (P &lt; 0.05) Warner-Bratzler force shear (WBFS) compared to the NC group. The highest villus to crypt ratios (VH/CD; P &lt; 0.05) were observed in broiler fed either EOL or EOH, with an average being 14.67% and 15.13% in the duodenum and 15.13% and 13.58% in the jejunum, respectively. For jejunal gene expressions, only six out of the 11 studied genes showed statistically differences among the dietary treatments. Gene expressions of cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT-1) and neutral amino acid transporter 1 (B 0AT-1) were upregulated in EOH-fed birds compared to PC and NC-fed birds (P &lt; 0.05), respectively; while expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were downregulated in EOL-fed birds when compared to NC birds (P &lt; 0.05). Nonetheless, the expressions of cadherin 1 (CDH-1), zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and maltase-glucoamylase (MG) were all upregulated (P &lt; 0.05) in EOH-fed birds compared to PC-fed birds. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and of all 18 tested amino acids increased in EOL-fed birds (P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, relative abundances (%) of ileal Proteobacteria decreased, while ileal and cecal Lactobacillus increased in EOH-fed birds (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary encapsulated CIN improved meat quality and gut health by reducing meat WBFS, increasing VH/CD in intestines, jejunal gene expressions, AID of nutrients and beneficially ileal and cecal microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Effect of high protein supplementation on growth and nutrient digestibility of broiler

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
MA Hossain ◽  
I Zulkifli ◽  
AF Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Treatment Groups

This study was undertaken to compare the growth performance and nutrient digestibility (energy, protein and amino acid) of broilers fed diets containing only vegetable protein (soybean) with birds that received Pro-EL as protein supplement in their diets. Day-old male broiler chicks (n=60; Cobb 500) were randomly distributed into 2 dietary treatment groups, namely control (T1) and supplemented (T2) diets, with 5 birds per replication in a CRD. Birds had a free access to iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous starter diets in cages up to 21d.  The results of FI, LW, LWG and FCR of broilers up to 21 days were poorer (P<0.01) on T2 diet than the broilers fed on T1 diet. The ileal nutrient digestibility of GE and CP was identical (P>0.05), but the majority of the AAs digestibility values were influenced (P<0.05; P<0.01) by treatments except for Gly, Thr, Cys, Val, Ile, Leu, and Phe. The digestibility of Asp, His, Arg, Ala, Pro, Ser, Glu, Tyr and Lys was impaired (P<0.05; P<0.01) in the T2 diet compared to T1 diet except for Met, which was improved (P<01) in T2 diet. It can be concluded that the negative response of broilers fed on protein supplemented diet might arise from the reduced nutrient digestibility of the diet.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (1): 44-50

scholarly journals Effects of Encapsulated Cinnamaldehyde on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive and Absorptive Functions, Meat Quality and Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongwu Yang ◽  
Moussa Sory Diarra ◽  
Janghan Choi ◽  
Argenis Rodas-Gonzalez ◽  
Dion Lepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Acid Transporter

Abstract Background: Essential oils are potential antimicrobial alternatives and their applications in animal feeds are limited due to their fast absorption in upper gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated the effects of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (CIN) at 50 ppm or 100 ppm on the growth performance, organ weights, meat quality, intestinal morphology, jejunal gene expression, nutrient digestibility, and ileal and cecal microbiota. A total of 320 male day-old broiler Cobb-500 chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 8 pens per treatment (10 birds per pen): 1) basal diet (negative control, NC); 2) basal diet supplemented with 30 ppm avilamycin premix (positive control, PC); 3) basal diet with 50 ppm encapsulated CIN (EOL); 4) basal diet with 100 ppm encapsulated CIN (EOH). Results: Despite birds fed EOH tended to increase (P = 0.05) meat pH at 24 h, all pH values were normal. Similar to PC group, meat from birds fed EOL and EOH showed a reduced (P < 0.05) Warner-Bratzler force shear (WBFS) compared to the NC group. The highest villus to crypt ratios (VH/CD; P < 0.05) were observed in broiler fed either EOL or EOH, with an average being 14.67% and 15.13% in the duodenum and 15.13% and 13.58% in the jejunum, respectively. For jejunal gene expressions, only six out of the 11 studied genes showed statistically differences among the dietary treatments. Gene expressions of cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT-1) and neutral amino acid transporter 1 (B0AT-1) were upregulated in EOH-fed birds compared to PC and NC-fed birds (P < 0.05), respectively; while expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were downregulated in EOL-fed birds when compared to NC birds (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, the expressions of cadherin 1 (CDH-1), zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and maltase-glucoamylase (MG) were all upregulated (P < 0.05) in EOH-fed birds compared to PC-fed birds. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and of all 18 tested amino acids increased in EOL-fed birds (P < 0.01). Additionally, relative abundances (%) of ilealProteobacteriadecreased,while ileal and cecal Lactobacillusincreasedin EOH-fed birds(P< 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary encapsulated CINimproved meat quality and gut health by reducingmeat WBFS,increasing VH/CD in intestines, jejunal gene expressions, AID of nutrients and beneficiallyileal and cecal microbiota composition.

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