scholarly journals NEW MATERIALS ABOUT BURIAL MOUND OF BRONZE AGE KOZHABALA-I IN KHANTAU MOUNTAINS

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Goriachev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
New Materials ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Two Stages

New materials of burial mound of Bronze Age Kozhabala-1, located in Kozhabala gorge in south part of Khantau mountains are introduced into scientific circulation. According to materials of researches there are 150 burial mounds and stone fencings of Bronze Age and 10 the Early Iron age burial mounds. As result of excavations of 2018 field season 4 constructions of Bronze epoch, where there were fixed 15 graves in stone boxes and cyst. 20 burial places were made according to the cremation rite and corpse-laying in a crouched form on the left side with the head to the West. Received data obtained allow us to distinguish two stages in the functioning of the burial ground – the XIX-XVI centuries BC and XV– turn of XIV/XIII centuries BC. Analysis and systematization let link them with the development of Alakul and Fedorovo cultural traditions of cultural traditions of the Andronovo cultural and historical community in Central Kazakhstan and Jetysu.

scholarly journals Archaeological studies In theIlmeny state reserve, South Urals

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
V.S. Mosin
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages

The paper describes two stages of archeological studies at the territory of the Ilmeny State Reserve. Stage 1 is related to expedition of L.Ya. Krizhevskaya in 1961–1970, which resulted in fn-ding of more than 40 settlements and sites of the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. Seven settlements were excavated. Stage 2 studies began in 2010 and are continued at present. These works allowed us to fnd about 40 sites and settlements of the Stone Age and to excavate of the Stone Age sites and Bronze Ages burials.

scholarly journals Obred spaljivanja pokojnika u prapovijesti sjeverne Dalmacije

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sineva Kukoč
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
New Information ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Detailed Interpretation

In the northern Dalmatia region where there were only two cultural systems throughout the Bronze and Iron Ages, four moments are crucial in the use of cremation ritual during the 2nd/1st centuries BC: in the Early Bronze Age (Cetina culture: Ervenik, Podvršje − Matakov brig, Nadin, Krneza − Duševića glavica), in the Early Iron Age (Nadin, mound 13, Krneza − Jokina glavica), in Hellenism (Dragišić, gr. 4 A-C), and finally, for the first time very intensively during the Romanization of Liburnians. Newly discovered cremations in ceramic urns (gr. 3, 13) in burial mound 13 (9th – 6th cent. BC) from Nadin near Benkovac are the first example (after Dragišić) of Liburnian cremation; more precisely, burial mound 13 with 19 graves represents a form of biritualism in the Liburnians. It is also an example of the greatest number of Liburnian burials under a mound, with crouched, extended and cremated skeletons and many ritual remains (traces of fire on the ground and on animal bones: funerary feast?; numerous remains of ceramic vessels (libation?). Although typical Liburnian burial "inherits" many formal and symbolic elements (stone cist, enclosing wall, libation, etc.) from the (Early) Bronze Age (and probably Eneolithic as well), cremation in the Liburnian burial mound 13 from Nadin cannot be explained in terms of continuity from the Early Bronze Age; links are missing, particularly those from the Middle Bronze Age in the study of the cultural dynamics of the 2nd millennium BC in the northern Dalmatia region. Squat form of the Nadin urns with a distinct neck has analogies in the Liburnian (Nin) and Daunian funerary pots for burying newborns (ad encytrismos), and also in the typology of pottery (undecorated or decorated) in a wider region (Ruše, V.Gorica, Dalj/Vukovar, Terni II, Este, Bologna I-II, Roma II, Cumae I, Pontecagnano IA, Histrians, etc.), i.e. in the forms widespread from the Danubian region, Alps, and Balkans to the Apennine Peninsula between the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages (10th/9th – 8th cent. BC). Although appearance of cremation in the Picenian culture has not been completely clear (Fermo necropolis, burials from Ancona, Numana, Novilara: graves Servici, 29, 39 from Piceno II-III, from the 8th/7th.cent. BC), Liburnian culture is most similar to the Picenian culture in the Adriatic world by the intensity and period of cremation, and form of urns. Specifically, decorated urn in a male grave 52 from Numana from the 9th century BC is analogous to the Nadin urns. This grave from Numana is usually mentioned as an example of trans-Adriatic, Picenian-Liburnian (Balkanic) i.e. Picenian-Histrian relations. Liburnian urns are similar to the urn from the grave in Numana, 495, Davanzali, from the late 9th century by their profilation. "Genesis" of both Liburnian and Picenian cremation is unknown. They are two convergent phenomena, reflecting the "unity" of the late Urnenfelder world of the 10th/9th centuries BC and resulting from cultural-ethnical contacts in a "closed circle" from the Danubian region – southeastern Alpine region – Apennine Peninsula, supported by smaller migrations in the first centuries of the Iron Age, from the trans-Adriatic direction in Picenum (with definite Villanova influence), and in Liburnia probably from the hinterland. In this Adriatic circle in the first centuries of the Iron Age multiple cultural contacts between Liburnians, Histrians and Picenians are for now a good (initial) context for a more detailed interpretation of Liburnian cremation. Despite the aforementioned, it is not necessary to relate directly the structure (ritual, goods) of gr. 52, Numana – Qualiotti to Histrian patterns nor the grave 495, Numana-Davanzali to the Iapodian ones. Cremated Liburnian burial from the Early Iron Age represents a certain continuity and a "reflection" of the late Urnenfelder circle, which was manifested in different ways in the beginnings of the Liburnian, Picenian, and Histrian cultures and elsewhere. The latest excavations on a planned Liburnian-Roman necropolis in Nadin (Nedinum) provided us with new information about the spatial, chronological and symbolical relation (religious, social) between the autochtonous Liburnian and Roman component in the period of Romanization of northern Dalmatia.

scholarly journals Excavations of the burial mound near the Yalta village in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (28-29) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Zabavin ◽  
◽  
Serhij Nebrat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
State University ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
New Research ◽  
Sea Area

The article presents the results of new research of the archeological expedition conducted by Mariupol State University in the North-East Azov Area. Archaeological research was carried out in the South of Donetsk region near the village of Yalta in 2016. In the mound 9 graves of the Bronze Age and 1 burial of the early Iron Age were investigated. The primary embankment was built during the Early Bronze Age by the tribes of the Pit Grave culture. The oldest burials in the mound are 4, 5 and 7. The most interesting was the children's burial 7. The buried child was accompanied by four ceramic vessels. Subsequently, another grave of the Pit Grave culture was built in the mound – burial 8. During the Late Bronze Age the population of the Zrubna / Timber-grave culture continues to use the necropolis. Researched at least three burials of the Zrubna / Timber-grave culture – 1, 2 and 10. Based on the typological analysis of the ritual-inventory complex, they can be attributed to the second (developed) horizon of the Zrubna / Timber-grave culture burial grounds of the North Azov Sea Area. As regards burial 3, presented by the authors, date back to the early Iron Age and precede the sites of the Scythian time. The burial 3 from Yalta are determined as complex of Chernohorivka type / Chernohorivka group of Cimmerian Culture or as late Chernohorivka complex. The authors consider peculiarities of the rite and inventory complex as well as some aspects of cultural and chronological character, spiritual and material culture of the tribes which, in the researchers’ view, are conflated with the historical Cimmerians. The burial in the mound placed near the villag of Yalta demonstrate some certain features of ingenuity. The man buried in the mound was most likely to have something to do with the religious or the hieratic sphere of life. The materials of the investigated burial mound enrich our knowledge about the ancient past of the population of the Azov steppes.

BMH2 and the Iron Age Northern Coastal Oman in Light of 2014–2015 Excavation Seasons

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 201-245
Author(s):  
Romolo Loreto
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Coastal Exploitation ◽  
The Village

After 2014–2015 field season BMH2 is going to assume a more defined profile within the Iron Age of Southeast Arabia. According to the material culture the village was at its best during the Early Iron Age ii, between 1100–600 bce. During this long time span a complex local society took place thanks to coastal exploitation, agricultural activities and trade. Nonetheless, the transitional periods between the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age i as well as the end of the Early Iron Age and the beginning of the Late Iron Age should be the objects of future excavations.

The Early Iron Age Site at Micklemoor Hill West Harling, Norfolk, and its Pottery

1954 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. D. Clark ◽  
C. I. Fell ◽  
M. C. Burkitt
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Side ◽  
The North

The Iron Age settlement on Micklemoor Hill, West Harling, (Nat. Grid 62/975857) was discovered by Mr H. Apling while prospecting for Bronze Age cooking-places on the course of the river above Thetford during 1932. The site is a prominent hill of glacial gravel approximately 300 yards long and 150 yards wide, rising some 20 feet above the level of the surrounding marsh and rough grazing pasture and bounded to the north at a distance of between 200 and 600 feet by the river Thet. Its most prominent feature at the present day is a mound covering a brick-lined ice-house of 19th century construction and surrounded by a group of conifers. The prehistoric features discovered by Apling comprised two enclosures, an ‘Eastern Camp’ (our Site II), consisting of a low broad bank with external ditch and well defined opening on the west, and a larger ‘Western Camp’ (our Site III) of which only slight traces of a ditch were visible.The excavations carried out by Apling in 1932 were mainly directed to the eastern enclosure: in addition to a number of trial holes he dug two-foot trenches across the site from two directions. No pottery was found in the interior, but the ditch which he located outside the bank yielded pottery, bones and flints. Accordingly a length of some 20 yards of the ditch-filling was removed on the eastern side and from this a really substantial quantity of material was obtained.

A Theatre of Imagery: the Rock Carving of Döltorp, Skee Parish, Bohuslän, Sweden

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Coles
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
The West ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Ancient Monuments ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractThe parish of Skee, in western Bohuslän, has a wide variety of ancient monuments, among which is a small rock at Döltorp that displays a range of Bronze Age and Early Iron Age rock carvings. The new recording presented here identifies a number of hitherto unrecognized images and details. Some of the carvings are now considered to be of the late second millennium bc, while the bulk of the images are of mid-first millennium bc date. They include a particularly large decorated boat, with its crew finely detailed, as well as a number of carvings of warriors, discs, horses, spirals and smaller boats. The site lies in a landscape well inland from the Bronze Age shoreline, and its selection for carving was probably related to the existence of an earlier cairn high on a ridge to the west of the rock-carving site, perhaps linked to it by additional stones. Other sites in the immediate lowland region suggest that we should not view such sites as static creations; rather, we should consider them to have had long and episodic lives, maintaining and augmenting a societal awareness over many generations.

scholarly journals Barrows of the Eneolithic-Early Iron Age in the Kalinovka in the Dnieper Nadporozhye

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Zoia Marina ◽  
Oleksandra Romashko
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Mound Construction ◽  
Dependent Position ◽  
Made In

The main aim of this article is description and publication of the materials of two barrows which was explored by the expedition of the Dmytro Yavornytsky National Historical Museum of Dnipro by L. P. Krylova in 1973. They located near the Kalinovka village of the Solonyansky raiion of the Dnipropetrovska oblast. Methods: comparative-historical, typological, chronological, descriptive. Main results. The barrows near the Kalinovka village of the Solonyansky raiion of the Dnipropetrovska oblast belonged to a large burial ground, which was partly destroyed. Only the mound with a sign of triangulation remained was saved at the time of excavation. The mound 1 was build in two construction receptions. The primary mound, fixed on the V-shaped ditch, is filled for the main grave 7 of post-mariupol culture. It is connected with the device of a near-tomb pavement made of wood with separate inclusions of stones and a peculiar covering of the sub-square site with a layer of clay. Both ritual actions are known in a member of post-mariupol burials of the territorial variant of the Steppe Dnipro and the Dnipro Nadporizhzhya. The main markers of the burial rite of the post-mariupol burials are the shape of the burial pit, elongated position of the deceased on the back, orientation to East, the presence of ocher carmine color. The group of pit burials (№№ 3,5,6,9) forms the second cultural-chronological horizon. One of them may be associated with a ring filler, which brought the mound to a modern size. The most recent are burials of zrubna culture (№№ 2,8), in one of which ceramic fragments were found. Cultural identity of grave 1 has not been established. Barrow 2 was 4 m high and 30 m in diameter, was erected for four simultaneous Scythian burials. The embankment was surrounded by a ditch with two bridges at the East and Nord edges, 1,5 m in length and bones of animals from the reed. Outside the pit, vertically standing stones of the cromlech are traced. All the graves are made in the same type of catacomb, which are distributed in the Northern Black Sea in the IV–III centuries BC. The main grave 3 was collective – two adults (a man and a woman) and a child. The surviving in situ parts of the male skeleton testify to the position of the burials elongated on the back, the head to the East. The burial was repeatedly robbed. At the entrance to the chamber, from the inside, a part of the wall of a bronze boiler was found. For the chronological definitions, well-dated categories of inventory (arrowheads and ect.) are involved, allowing to date grave 3 to the second half of the IV and beginning of the III BC. The life-long social status of a man of grave 3 in the hierarchy of the caldron-holders is related to the head of the genus of the lower aristocratic stratum of the Scythian society. The three graves contained various age burials of children, accompanied by ornaments. Their status is ambiguous since may reflect both generic or tribal affinity with those buried in grave 3, and a dependent position relative to the child in grave 3 as a possible heir to a sufficiently high social rank of the father. Concise conclusions. The obtained materials allow to determine the time of occurrence of a burial mound near the Kalinovka village by the Eneolithic in the presence of post-mariupol burials, which mark the appearance of a mound rite in the Steppe and Pre-Dnipro Ukraine. Its further functioning is connected with the Bronze Age, represented by pit and log complexes. The later cultural and chronological layer is formed by the Scythian burials, which reflect the processes of social stratification of the society. Practical meaning. The published materials can be used in generalizing research of the problems of archeology of the Early Iron Age of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The cultural and chronological features of mound construction and burial complexes near the Kalinovka village of the Solonyansky raiion of the Dnipropetrovska oblast had been determine. Type of article: analytical.

IRON AGE BURIAL MOUND UST-BELOKURIKHA-3: EMERGENCY EXCAVATIONS IN CONSTRUCTION ZONE OF BIYSK-BELOKURIKHA HIGHWAY IN 1990

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Kazakov A. ◽  
◽  
FROLOV Ya. ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Construction Zone ◽  
Burial Mounds

The article publishes materials from the Ust-Belokurikha 3 burial ground. The site is located in the Smolensk District of the Altai Territory. The burial ground was destroyed during construction work. There were five burial mounds on the site. One burial mound was excavated. Its artificial hill had been built of stone. There was one burial in the center of the mound. The deceased in the grave was laid on his back and his head was oriented to the southwest. His legs were bent. The specifics of the funeral rite allow dating the site to the Early Iron Age. Preliminary dating of the necropolis can be attributed to the Bystryanskaya culture. The absence of visually prominent mounds at the site is characteristic of most mound necropolises of this kind in the northern foothills of Altai. Those sites were destroyed during the intensive anthropogenic use of the area. Continuing plowing of the land containing archaeological sites in the foothill zone creates an additional threat to the deteriorating condition of the ancient burial mounds. Keywords: burial mound, early Iron Age, Scythian-Saka time, northern foothills of Altai, Bystryanskaya culture

scholarly journals Czechoslovakian period of archaeology of Transcarpathia

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 402-408
Author(s):  
Pavlo Penyak
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper is devoted to the results of studies of ancient history on the territory of contemporary Transcarpathian province of Ukraine during the period of it being a part of Czechoslovakia (1919–1939). It was an important stage of establishment of Transcarpathian archaeological science which began its development in the middle of the 19th century from simple collecting of antiquities. In 1929 a county museum was opened in Mukachevo which became an important centre of collection, systematization, and museumification of local artifacts. During that period the ancient history of the region was studied by Czechoslovak archaeologists from the Institute of Archaeology of Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Among them, one should name J. Bem, J. Skutil, and J. Eisner. They carried out excavations of archaeological artifacts of the region from different epochs: Paleolithic, Neolithic, Copper and Bronze Ages, Early Iron Age. Due to the efforts of J. Bem collection of Transcarpathian antiquities was systematized, chronology and cultural attribution of numerous material findings were determined. He participated in the excavations at Neolithic and Eneolithic settlements in Nevetlenfolu (Vynohradiv district) and Diyda (Berehovo district) as well as Mala Hora in Mukachevo. Results of the studies enable one to conclude that in the Neolithic epoch this territory was within the area where the culture of linear band pottery was spread. Bearers of this culture practised mattock arable farming, cattle breeding, worshipped the foremother woman. The Stone Age artifacts on the territory of the region were studied by J. Skutil. In the neighbourhood of Berehovo (Mala Hora) and Mukachevo (Kamyanka and Halish hills), he examined a number of Paleolithic locations where he collected several dozens of chalcedony and quartzite objects. They are attributed to the middle and late Paleolithic Age. Local antiquities were also studied by local amateur archaeologists, J. Jankovich, Zatloukal brothers, P. Sova. Having acquired necessary knowledge and recommendations from the Czechoslovak researchers for field studies and documentation of the materials found, they joined the studies of artifacts of an extensive time span – from the Stone Age till Early Mediaeval period. J. Jankovich with the participation of J. Bem performed excavations at a burial mound of the early Iron Age in the village of Kushtanovytsia (Mukachevo district). Two ways of the location of cremation remnants in urns under the mound were documented: at the old level and below it. In 1931 he began the investigation of Slavic mound necropolis in Cherveniovo (Mukachevo district). The excavations revealed cremation burial sites with remnants positioned in urns at the old level or gathered in clusters. The Zatloukal brothers carried out excavations of a ground cremation necropolis in Stanovo (Mukachevo district). The remnants were buried in shallow pits without any external signs and were accompanied by two-three bowls filled with food or favourite things of the decedent. In literature, they are referred to as the Northern-Tysa urn burials of the Late Bronze Age. Key words: settlement, Transcarpathia, burial tomb, Czechoslovakian period.

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