Assessment of homeopathic medicine Aconitum napellus in the treatment of anxiety in an animal model

Background: Aconitum napellus is a classic resource of complementary medicine for the treatment of patients exhibiting neurological symptoms of anxiety. Aim: To assess the action of homeopathic medicine Acon in the treatment of generalized anxiety in an experimental model using rats. Methods: 48 adult (two to three months old) male Wistar rats (Rattus rattus) were randomly divided in six groups (n= 8/treatment) and given the following treatments by gastric tube along 10 days: 1) control (diazepam 1 mg/kg/day); 2) negative control (0.15 mL saline solution/day); 3) ACH6 (0.15 mL Acon (6cH/day); 4) ACH12 (0.15 mL Acon 12cH/day); 5) ACH30 (0.15 mL Acon 30cH/day); and 6) ALC30 (0.15 mL 30% cereal alcohol/day). Behavioral effects were blindly and randomly assessed in elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test. Results: Acon in dilutions 12cH and 30cH exhibited possible anxiolytic effects on the central nervous system (CNS) since they increased the number of entries in the EPM open arms (12cH and 30cH) and the permanence time in the EPM open arms (30cH only). In the open field test the homeopathic preparations did not show effects on the locomotor system of rats. Conclusion: Dilutions 12cH and 30cH of Acon exhibited anxiolytic effects on the CNS in an animal experimental model.

Download Full-text

Behavioral alterations in open field test in an experimental model of prostatitis

Medicinski podmladak ◽

10.5937/mp70-22242 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

Aleksa Zubelić ◽

Božo Knežević ◽

Željko Grubač ◽

Nikola Šutulović ◽

Olivera Stanojlović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Model ◽

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Behavioral Alterations

Download Full-text

Antidepressant-like action of hypoxic postconditioning is accompanied by the up-regulation of hippocampal hif-1α and erythropoietin

Medical academic journal ◽

10.17816/maj19075 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mikhail Yu. Zenko ◽

Elena A. Rybnikova

Keyword(s):

Experimental Model ◽

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Learned Helplessness ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Plasma Corticosterone ◽

Behavioral Deficit ◽

Downstream Target ◽

Footshock Stress ◽

Hypoxic Postconditioning

Objective. The aim of the study was to reveal the role of HIF-1 in the effects of hypoxic postconditioning in the rat experimental model of depression "learned helplessness". Materials and methods. The studies were performed in the "learned helplessness" paradigm which represents a reliable experimental model of depression in rats. The development of the pathology was evaluated in the behavioral open field test and by the baseline level of plasma corticosterone. Correction of behavioral deficit was performed by three episodes of hypoxic postconditioning (360 mmHg, 2 h). Changes in the immunopositivity of HIF-1 and erythropoietin in the hippocampus of rats were evaluated. An inhibitor of HIF-1 subunit translation topotecan (1 mg/kg, i.p., Santa Cruz, USA) was used on the 4th day after the footshock stress. On the 9th day, animals were tested in the open field test to assess the level of depressive-like behavior. Results. It was shown that postconditioning by three episodes of mild hypobaric hypoxia resulted in the correction of behavioral deficit produced by the "learned helplessness aversive stress, and the levels of corticosterone did not differ from the baseline in these animals. These behavioral and hormonal effects were accompanied by the increased level of immunopositive HIF-1 and its transcriptional downstream target erythropoietin in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Using of HIF-1 inhibitor topotecan dramatically worsen the severity of the depressive-like symptoms. Conclusion. The findings suggest that HIF-1 appears to have the antidepressant-like activities and that hypoxic postconditioning-induced stimulation of HIF-1 and erythropoietin level might contribute to the endogenous mechanisms which compensate for the pathogenic effects of stressors, particularly for the development of stress-induced depression.

Download Full-text

PECULIARITIES OF MOTOR ACTIVITY OF RATS IN SIMULATION PHARMACOLOGICAL DEPRESSOGENIC STATES

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202109114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (9) ◽

pp. 2105-2108

Author(s):

Antonina Sydorenko ◽

Ruslan Lutsenko ◽

Iryna Kniazkova ◽

Nataliia Liakhovska ◽

Olga Lutsenko

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Chloride Solution ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Mature Male ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Pronounced Inhibition

The aim: To analyze and compare the features of changes in the motor activity of rats on the background of pharmacological models of depressive disorders. Materials and methods: Depressive-like state was simulated on 40 mature male Wistar rats using: reserpine (15 mg/kg), clonidine (0.1 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg). The control group was given as a single dose 0.5 ml of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution intraperitoneally. After 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours from the beginning of the experiment, changes in motor activity in the “open field” test were examined by the number of crossed squares, the calculation was carried out within 5 minutes. Results: Reserpine at a dose of 15 mg/kg caused probable motor activity disorders in rats in the “open field” test during all study periods. The most pronounced inhibition of motor activity was observed within 12-48 hours from the beginning of the experiment. 3 hours after clonidine administration, the number of crossed squares decreased by 310% (p<0.001), after 12 hours – by 180% (p<0.001), after 24 hours – by 140% (p<0.001), after 48 hours – by 50% (p<0.005) in comparison with the control group. On 3rd day, the motor activity of rats was almost completely restored. The use of haloperidol after 3 hours most significantly impaired the motor activity of rats in the “open field” test, and its recovery was observed after 24 hours. Conclusions: Reserpine inhibited the motor activity of rats, most pronounced from 12 to 48 hours of the experiment. Clonidine inhibited mainly in the first hours of the study. Haloperidol impaired motor activity at 3rd and 12th hours of observation.

Download Full-text

The effects of aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare on learning and memory in male rats

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.34172/jhp.2020.31 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 239-244

Author(s):

Ahvan Ghaderi ◽

Seyed Asaad Karimi ◽

Fahimeh Talaei ◽

Siamak Shahidi ◽

Nafiseh Faraji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Passive Avoidance ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: The effectiveness of antioxidants on learning and memory improvement has been shown, previously. Due to the high level of antioxidants, available in Origanum vulgare, the present experiment aimed to examine the effect of aqueous extract of O. vulgare on passive avoidance learning (PAL) in male Wistar rats. Methods: This study was performed on 30 male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 290 g. The rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n=6), as follows: the control, sham (saline), and three groups treated with different doses of O. vulgare extract (150, 250, and 350 mg/kg). The saline or extract was administered via daily oral gavage for 14 days. The groups were then subjected to the passive avoidance task, and their behaviors were recorded. The rats’ locomotor activity was also measured using the open field test. Results: The number of trials to acquisition was significantly lower in the "O. vulgare (350 mg/ kg)" group than the control group. The step-through latency and the time spent in the dark compartment in the retention test, was significantly higher and lower in the "O. vulgare (250 and 350 mg/kg)" groups than the control group, respectively. No significant differences were found in the distances traveled among the experimental groups in the open field test. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of O. vulgare can enhance learning and memory. The high levels of antioxidants in O. vulgare extract may be responsible for its effectiveness in learning and memory.

Download Full-text

Some effects of manipulating thyroid output on open-field test behaviour in the rat

Animal Behaviour ◽

10.1016/0003-3472(61)90067-7 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 9 (1-2) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P.L. Broadhurst

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Open Field Test

Download Full-text

“Anxiolytic” action of diazepam and abecarnil in a modified open field test

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior ◽

10.1016/0091-3057(95)02121-3 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 1005-1011 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

A Rex

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Open Field Test

Download Full-text

Toxicity and Neuropharmacological Effects of Elenine

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/312524 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Eduardo Navarro ◽

S. J. Alonso ◽

R. Navarro

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Control Group ◽

General Behaviour ◽

Similar Chemical ◽

Sedative Effects ◽

Traction Test ◽

Central Depressant

Elenine is the aglycone of elenoside, a cytotoxic arylnaphthalene lignan (NSC 644013-W/1) derived fromJusticia hyssopifolia. (Family: Acanthaceae). Elenoside is a β-D-glucoside, with a similar chemical structure to etoposide, exhibiting central depressant activity. In the present study, elenine was given to mice and rats at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. Acute toxicity (24 h) and general behaviour in mice was studied as well as its effects on muscular relaxant activity, locomotor activity (Varimex test), and the open-field test and were compared with 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine. Elenine produced a reduction in the permanence time in muscular relaxant activity (traction test). Spontaneous activity was lower in the Varimex test. The ambulation and rearing were lower compared with the control group, and an increase in boluses was observed in the open-field test. Thus, it can be concluded that elenine has central sedative effects at lower doses than those used with elenoside and has a possible application in conditions of anxiety.

Download Full-text

Participation ofGABAAChloride Channels in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of a Fatty Acid Mixture

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/121794 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽

Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽

Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽

Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽

Carlos M. Contreras

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Chloride Channels ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Gaba Binding ◽

Defensive Burying

Human amniotic fluid and a mixture of eight fatty acids (FAT-M) identified in this maternal fluid (C12:0, lauric acid, 0.9 μg%; C14:0, myristic acid, 6.9 μg%; C16:0, palmitic acid, 35.3 μg%; C16:1, palmitoleic acid, 16.4 μg%; C18:0, stearic acid, 8.5 μg%; C18:1cis, oleic acid, 18.4 μg%; C18:1trans, elaidic acid, 3.5 μg%; C18:2, linoleic acid, 10.1 μg%) produce anxiolytic-like effects that are comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats, suggesting the involvement ofγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, a possibility not yet explored. Wistar rats were subjected to the defensive burying test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. In different groups, threeGABAAreceptor antagonists were administered 30 min before FAT-M administration, including the competitive GABA binding antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg),GABAAbenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), and noncompetitiveGABAAchloride channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). The FAT-M exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the defensive burying test and elevated plus maze, without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. TheGABAAantagonists alone did not produce significant changes in the behavioral tests. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline or flumazenil blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of the FAT-M. Based on the specific blocking action of picrotoxin on the effects of the FAT-M, we conclude that the FAT-M exerted its anxiolytic-like effects throughGABAAreceptor chloride channels.

Download Full-text