scholarly journals Aerosol properties over Interior Alaska from lidar, DRUM Impactor sampler, and OPC-sonde measurements and their meteorological context during ARCTAS-A, April 2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1293-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Atkinson ◽  
K. Sassen ◽  
M. Hayashi ◽  
C. F. Cahill ◽  
G. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Aerosol Loading ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Optical Particle Counter

Abstract. Aerosol loading over Interior Alaska displays a strong seasonality, with pristine conditions generally prevailing during winter months. Long term aerosol research from the University of Alaska Fairbanks indicates that the period around April typically marks the beginning of the transition from winter to summer conditions. In April 2008, the NASA-sponsored "Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites" (ARCTAS) field campaign was conducted to analyze incursions of aerosols transported over Alaska and the Canadian North. In and around Fairbanks, Alaska, data concerning aerosol characteristics were gathered by polarization (0.693 μm) lidar, DRUM Impactor sampler, and balloon-borne optical particle counter. These data provide information on the vertical distribution and type of aerosol, their size distributions, the chemical nature of aerosol observed at the surface, and timing of aerosol loading. A detailed synoptic analysis placed these observations into their transport and source-region context. Evidence suggests four major aerosol loading periods in the 25 March–30 April 2008 timeframe: a period during which typical Arctic haze conditions prevailed, several days of extremely clear conditions, rapid onset of a period dominated by Asian dust with some smoke, and a period dominated by Siberian wildfire smoke. A focused case study analysis conducted on 19 April 2008 using a balloon-borne optical particle counter suggests that, on this day, the majority of the suspended particulate matter consisted of coarse mode desiccated aerosol having undergone long-range transport. Backtrack trajectory analysis suggests aged Siberian wildfire smoke. In the last week of April, concentrations gradually decreased as synoptic conditions shifted away from favoring transport to Alaska. An important result is a strong suggestion of an Asian dust incursion in mid-April that was not well identified in other ARCTAS measurements. The lidar and OPC-sonde unambiguously discern aerosols height stratification patterns indicative of long range transport. Identification of a dust component is suggested by DRUM sampler results, which indicate crustal species, and supported by synoptic and trajectory analysis, which indicates both a source-region lifting event and appropriate air-mass pathways.

scholarly journals Climatology in Asian dust activation and transport based on MISR satellite observations and trajectory analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yu ◽  
Olga V. Kalashnikova ◽  
Michael J. Garay ◽  
Michael Notaro
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
The North ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Transport Patterns

Abstract. Asian dust, primarily emitted from the Taklamakan and Gobi Deserts, has been reported to reach remote destinations, such as North America. However, the relative contribution of the Taklamakan and Gobi Deserts to dust loadings through long-range transport remains unaddressed in any observational study. Here, the climatology of Asian dust activation and transport is investigated using stereo observations of dust sources from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument combined with observation-initiated trajectory modeling. MISR-derived dust injection height and dust plume motion vectors confirm the peak of dust activation and transport potential in spring over the Gobi Desert and in both spring and summer over the Taklamakan Desert. The long-range transport patterns of Asian dust, including the influence on North America through trans-Pacific transport, are assessed using extensive forward trajectories initiated by MISR dust plume observations. The trajectory analysis reveals latitude-dependent influence of dust from the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts, with Taklamakan dust dominantly affecting to the south of 50° N and Gobi dust primarily affecting to the north of 50° N in North America. The Asian dust activation and transport exhibit substantial seasonal and interannual variability, motivating future studies on the potential drivers.

scholarly journals Spectral optical properties of long-range transport Asian dust and pollution aerosols over Northeast Asia in 2007 and 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 5391-5408 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jung ◽  
Y. J. Kim ◽  
K. Y. Lee ◽  
M. G. -Cayetano ◽  
T. Batmunkh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. As a part of the IGAC (International Global Atmospheric Chemistry) Mega-cities program, aerosol physical and optical properties were continuously measured from March 2007 to March 2008 at an urban site (37.57° N, 126.94° E) in Seoul, Korea. Spectral optical properties of long-range transported Asian dust and pollution aerosols have been investigated based on the year long measurement data. Optically measured black carbon/thermally measured elemental carbon (BC/EC) ratio showed clear monthly variation with high values in summer and low values in winter mainly due to the enhancement of light attenuation by the internal mixing of EC. Novel approach has been suggested to retrieve the spectral light absorption coefficient (babs) from Aethalometer raw data by using BC/EC ratio. Mass absorption efficiency, σabs (=babs/EC) at 550 nm was determined to be 9.0±1.3, 8.9±1.5, 9.5±2.0, and 10.3±1.7 m2 g−1 in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively with an annual mean of 9.4±1.8 m2 g−1. Threshold values to classify severe haze events were suggested in this study. Increasing trend of aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) with wavelength was observed during Asian dust events while little spectral dependence of SSA was observed during long-range transport pollution (LTP) events. Satellite aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and Hysplit air mass backward trajectory analyses as well as chemical analysis were performed to characterize the dependence of spectral optical properties on aerosol type. Results from this study can provide useful information for studies on regional air quality and aerosol's effects on climate change.

scholarly journals Long-range Transport Impacts on Surface Aerosol Concentrations and the Contributions to Haze Events in China: an HTAP2 Multi-Model Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyi Dong ◽  
Joshua S. Fu ◽  
Qingzhao Zhu ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Jiani Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Anthropogenic Emission ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Aerosol Mass Concentration ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Haze has been severely affecting the densely populated areas in China during recent years. While many of the pilot studies have been devoted to investigate the contributions from local anthropogenic emission, limited attention has been paid to the influence from long-range transport. In this study, we use simulations from 6 participating models supplied through the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Phase 2 (HTAP2) exercise to investigate the long-range transport impact of Europe and Russia/Belarussia/Ukraine on the surface air quality in East Asia, with special focus on their contributions during the haze episodes over China. The impact of 20 % anthropogenic emission perturbation from the source region is extrapolated by a factor of 5 to estimate the full impact. We find that the full impacts from EUR and RBU are 0.99 µg/m3 (3.1 %) and 1.32 µg/m3 (4.1 %) respectively during haze episodes, while the annual averaged full impacts are only 0.35 µg m3 (1.7 %) and 0.53 µg/m3 (2.6 %) respectively. By estimating the aerosol response within and above the planetary boundary layer (PBL), we find that long-range transport within the PBL contributes to 22–38 % of the total column density of aerosol response. Comparison with the HTAP Phase 1 (HTAP1) assessment reveals that from 2000 to 2010, the long-range transport from Europe to East Asia has decreased significantly by a factor of 2–10 for surface aerosol mass concentration due to the simultaneous emission reduction in source region and emission increase in the receptor region. By investigating the visibility response, we find that the long-range transport from the Europe and RBU region increases the number of haze events in China by 0.15 % and 0.11 % respectively, and the North China Plain and southeast China receives 1–3 extra haze days. This study is the first investigation into the contribution of long-range transport to haze in China with multiple model experiments.

scholarly journals Asian Long-Range Transport in Relation to Atmospheric Rivers in Northern California

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Catherine N. Liu ◽  
Sen Chiao ◽  
Ju-Mee Ryoo
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

The study investigates the effect of aerosol long-range transport on precipitation over Northern California during atmospheric river (AR) events in the 2017 cold season (January–April). ARs in 2017 were one of the strongest to date, and the intense precipitation associated with the ARs resulted in flooding, destruction of property, and contamination of water supplies. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data shows Asian dust traveling across the Northern Pacific Ocean along with AR events. Aerosol measurements in California, provided by the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE), show that more Asian dust tends to be observed over the coast, while non-Asian/localized dust is observed inland. A mixture of Asian and localized dust is observed over the mountains, although higher amounts of both are observed in the spring (March–April). Back trajectory analysis confirms that Asian aerosols are transported along the air parcels, and each AR event has its own transport pattern in terms of horizontal advection and vertical lifting. Correlation between precipitation and aerosols is low. This suggests that aerosols contribute little to the decrease of local precipitation during the 2017 AR events.

scholarly journals Long-Range Transport Mechanisms in East and Southeast Asia and Impacts on Size-Resolved Aerosol Composition: Contrasting High and Low Aerosol Loading Events

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Braun ◽  
Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam ◽  
Paola Angela Bañaga ◽  
Grace Betito ◽  
Maria Obiminda Cambaliza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Aerosol Loading ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
East And Southeast Asia

Abstract. This study analyzes mechanisms of long-range transport of aerosol and aerosol chemical characteristics in and around East and Southeast Asia. Ground-based size-resolved aerosol measurements collected at the Manila Observatory in Metro Manila, Philippines from July–October 2018 were used to identify and contrast high and low aerosol loading events. Multiple data sources, including models, remote-sensing, and in situ measurements, are used to analyze the impacts of long-range aerosol transport on Metro Manila and the conditions at the local and synoptic scales facilitating this transport. Evidence of long-range transport of biomass burning aerosol from the Maritime Continent was identified through model results and the presence of biomass burning tracers (e.g. K, Rb) in the ground-based measurements. The impacts of emissions transported from continental East Asia are also identified; for one of the events analyzed, this transport was facilitated by the nearby passage of a typhoon. Changes in the aerosol size distributions, water-soluble chemical composition, and contributions of various organic aerosol species to the total water-soluble organic aerosol were examined for the different cases. The events impacted by biomass burning transport had the overall highest concentration of water-soluble organic acids, while the events impacted by long-range transport from continental East Asia, showed high percent contributions from shorter chain dicarboxylic acids (i.e. oxalate) that are often representative of photochemical and aqueous processing in the atmosphere. The low aerosol loading event was subject to a larger precipitation accumulation than the high aerosol events, indicative of wet scavenging as an aerosol sink in the study region. This low aerosol event was characterized by a larger relative contribution from supermicrometer aerosols and had a higher percent contribution from longer-chain dicarboxylic acids (i.e. maleate) to the water-soluble organic aerosol fraction. Results of this study have implications for better understanding of the transport and chemical characteristics of aerosol in a highly-populated region that has thus far been difficult to measure through remote-sensing methods. Furthermore, findings associated with the effects of air mass mixing on aerosol physiochemical properties are applicable to other global regions impacted by both natural and anthropogenic sources.

Long-range transport of Asian dust to the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 106 (D16) ◽  
pp. 18361-18370 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. McKendry ◽  
J. P. Hacker ◽  
R. Stull ◽  
S. Sakiyama ◽  
D. Mignacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Lower Fraser Valley ◽  
Fraser Valley

scholarly journals Injection in the lower stratosphere of biomass fire emissions followed by long-range transport: a MOZAIC case study

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 20925-20964
Author(s):  
J.-P. Cammas ◽  
J. Brioude ◽  
J.-P. Chaboureau ◽  
J. Duron ◽  
C. Mari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. This paper analyses a stratospheric injection by deep convection of biomass fire emissions over North America (Alaska, Yukon and Northwest Territories) on 24 June 2004 and its long-range transport over the eastern coast of the United States and the eastern Atlantic. The case study is done using MOZAIC observations of ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx+PAN) and water vapour during the crossing of the southernmost tip of an upper level trough over the Eastern Atlantic on 30 June 03:00 UTC and 10:00 UTC and in a vertical profile over Washington DC on 30 June 17:00 UTC, and by lidar observations of aerosol backscattering at Madison (University of Wisconsin) on 28 June. Attribution of the plumes to the boreal fires is achieved by backward simulations with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART). A simulation with the Meso-NH model for the source region shows that a boundary layer tracer, mimicking the boreal forest fire smoke, is lofted into the lowermost stratosphere (2–5 pvu layer) during the diurnal convective cycle. The isentropic levels (above 335 K) correspond to those of the downstream MOZAIC observations. The parameterized convective detrainment flux is intense enough to fill the volume of a model mesh (20 km horizontal, 500 m vertical) above the tropopause with pure boundary layer air in a time period compatible with the convective diurnal cycle, i.e. about 5 h. The maximum instantaneous detrainment fluxes deposited about 15–20% of the initial boundary layer tracer concentration at 335 K, which according to the 275-ppbv carbon monoxide maximum mixing ratio observed by MOZAIC over eastern Atlantic, would be associated with a 1.4–1.8 ppmv carbon monoxide mixing ratio in the boundary layer over the source region.

scholarly journals Climatology of Asian dust activation and transport potential based on MISR satellite observations and trajectory analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yu ◽  
Olga V. Kalashnikova ◽  
Michael J. Garay ◽  
Michael Notaro
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
The North ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Dust Sources ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Transport Potential

Abstract. Asian dust, primarily emitted from the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts, has been reported to reach remote destinations, such as North America. However, the relative contribution of the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts to dust loadings through long-range transport remains unaddressed in any observational study. Here, the climatology of Asian dust activation and potential for transport is investigated using stereo observations of dust sources from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument combined with observation-initiated trajectory modeling. MISR-derived dust plume top height and dust plume motion vectors confirm the peak of dust activation and transport potential in spring over the Gobi Desert and in both spring and summer over the Taklamakan Desert. The long-range trajectory patterns of Asian dust, including the influence on North America through trans-Pacific transport, are assessed using extensive forward trajectories initiated by MISR dust plume observations. The trajectory analysis reveals latitude-dependent spread of dust trajectories from the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts, with Taklamakan dust dominantly affecting to the south of 50∘ N and Gobi dust primarily affecting to the north of 50∘ N in North America. The Asian dust activation and transport potential exhibit substantial seasonal and interannual variability, motivating future studies on the potential drivers.

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