scholarly journals Determination and climatology of the planetary boundary layer height above the Swiss plateau by in situ and remote sensing measurements as well as by the COSMO-2 model

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 13205-13221 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Collaud Coen ◽  
C. Praz ◽  
A. Haefele ◽  
D. Ruffieux ◽  
P. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Wind Profiler ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Radio Sounding ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. The planetary boundary layer (PBL) height is a key parameter in air quality control and pollutant dispersion. The PBL height cannot, however, be directly measured, and its estimation relies on the analysis of the vertical profiles of the temperature, turbulence or the atmospheric composition. An operational PBL height detection method including several remote sensing instruments (wind profiler, Raman lidar, microwave radiometer) and several algorithms (Parcel and bulk Richardson number methods, surface-based temperature inversion, aerosol or humidity gradient analysis) was developed and tested with 1 year of measurements, which allows the methods to be validated against radio sounding measurements. The microwave radiometer provides convective boundary layer heights in good agreement with the radio sounding (RS) (median bias < 25 m, R2 > 0.70) and allows the analysis of the diurnal variation of the PBL height due to its high temporal resolution. The Raman lidar also leads to a good agreement with RS, whereas the wind profiler yields some more dispersed results mostly due to false attribution problems. A comparison with the numerical weather prediction model COSMO-2 has shown a general overestimation of the model PBL height by some hundreds to thousand meters. Finally the seasonal cycles of the daytime and nighttime PBL heights are discussed for each instrument and each detection algorithm for two stations on the Swiss plateau.

scholarly journals Determination and climatology of the planetary boundary layer height by in-situ and remote sensing methods as well as the COSMO model above the Swiss plateau

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 15419-15462 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Collaud Coen ◽  
C. Praz ◽  
A. Haefele ◽  
D. Ruffieux ◽  
P. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Radio Sounding ◽  
Swiss Plateau

Abstract. The planetary boundary layer (PBL) height is a key parameter in air quality control and pollutant dispersion. The PBL height can however not be directly measured and its estimation relies on the analysis of the vertical profiles of the temperature, the turbulences or the atmospheric composition. An operational PBL height detection including several remote sensing instruments (windprofiler, Raman lidar, microwave radiometer) and several algorithms (Parcel and bulk Richardson number methods, surface-based temperature inversion, aerosol or humidity gradient analysis) were developed and the first year of application allowed validating these various detection methods against radio sounding measurements. The microwave radiometer provides convective boundary layer heights in good agreement with the radio sounding (median bias < 25 m, R2 > 0.70) and allows to fully analyzing the PBL height diurnal cycle due to its smaller time granularity. The Raman lidar also leads to good results whereas the windprofiler yields some more dispersed results. Comparisons with the numerical weather prediction model COSMO-2 were also established and point out a general overestimation by the model. Finally the seasonal cycles of the daytime and nighttime PBL heights are discussed for each instrument and each detection algorithm for two stations on the Swiss plateau.

Characterization of the time evolution of the PBL structure and dry-layers based on the us of Raman Lidar measurements collected during HYMEX-SOP1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Summa ◽  
Paolo Di Girolamo ◽  
Noemi Franco ◽  
Benedetto De Rosa ◽  
Fabio Madonna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Water Vapour Concentration ◽  
Vapour Concentration

&lt;p&gt;The exchange processes between the Earth and the atmosphere play a crucial role in the development of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). Different remote sensing techniques can provide PBL measurement with different spatial and temporal resolutions. Vertical profiles of atmospheric thermodynamic variables, i.e. &amp;#160;temperature and humidity, or wind speed, clouds and aerosols can be used as proxy to retrieve PBL height from active and passive remote sensing instruments. The University of BASILicata ground-based Raman Lidar system (BASIL) was deployed in the North-Western Mediterranean basin in the C&amp;#233;vennes-Vivarais site (Candillargues, Southern France, Lat: 43&amp;#176;37' N, Long: 4&amp;#176; 4' E, Elev: 1 m) and operated between 5 September and 5 November 2012, collecting more than 600 hours of measurements, distributed over 51 days and 19 intensive observation periods (IOPs). BASIL is capable to provide high-resolution and accurate measurements of atmospheric temperature and water vapour, both in daytime and night-time, based on the application of the rotational and vibrational Raman lidar techniques in the UV. This measurement capability makes BASIL a key instrument for the characterization of the water vapour concentration. BASIL makes use of a Nd:YAG laser source capable of emitting pulses at 355, 532 and 1064 nm, with a single pulse energy at 355nm of 500 mJ [1] .In the presented research effort, water vapour concentration was &amp;#160;computed and used to determine the PBL height. [2]. A dynamic index&amp;#160; included in the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis (CAPE, Friction velocity, etc.) is also considered and compared with BASIL resutls. ERA5 provides hourly data on regular latitude-longitude grids at 0.25&amp;#176; x 0.25&amp;#176; resolution at 37 pressure levels [3]. ERA5 is publicly available through the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS, https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu). &amp;#160;In order to properly carry out the comparison, the nearest ERA5 grid point to the lidar site has been considered assuming the representativeness uncertainty due to the use of the nearest grid-point comparable with other methods (e.g. kriging, bilinear interpolation, etc.). More results from this&amp;#160; measurement&amp;#160; effort will&amp;#160; be reported and discussed at the Conference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reference&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1] Di Girolamo, Paolo, De Rosa, Benedetto, Flamant, Cyrille, Summa, Donato, Bousquet, Olivier, Chazette, Patrick, Totems, Julien, Cacciani, Marco. Water vapor mixing ratio and temperature inter-comparison results in the framework of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment&amp;#8212;Special Observation Period 1. BULLETIN OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ISSN: 2662-1495, doi: 10.1007/s42865-020-00008-3&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2] D. Summa, P. Di Girolamo, D. Stelitano, and M. Cacciani. Characterization of the planetary boundary layer height and structure by Raman lidar: comparison of different approaches&amp;#160; Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3515&amp;#8211;3525, 2013 www.atmos-meas-tech.net/6/3515/2013/doi:10.5194/amt-6-3515-2013&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[3] Hersbach et al. The ERA5 global reanalysis Hans&amp;#160; https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803[3]&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Studying turbulence by remote sensing systems during slope-2016 campaign

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 06010
Author(s):  
Gregori de A. Moreira ◽  
Juan L. Guerrero-Rascado ◽  
Jose A. Benavent-Oltra ◽  
Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua ◽  
Roberto Róman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Doppler Lidar ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Remote Sensing Systems ◽  
Lowermost Part

The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) is the lowermost part of the troposphere. In this work, we analysed some high order moments and PBL height detected continuously by three remote sensing systems: an elastic lidar, a Doppler lidar and a passive Microwave Radiometer, during the SLOPE-2016 campaign, which was held in Granada from May to August 2016. This study confirms the feasibility of these systems for the characterization of the PBL, helping us to justify and understand its behaviour along the day.

scholarly journals A new methodology for PBL height estimations based on lidar depolarization measurements: analysis and comparison against MWR and WRF model-based results

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 6839-6851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda ◽  
Gregori de Arruda Moreira ◽  
Francisco Navas-Guzmán ◽  
María José Granados-Muñoz ◽  
Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Signal Ratio ◽  
Lidar Measurements

Abstract. The automatic and non-supervised detection of the planetary boundary layer height (zPBL) by means of lidar measurements was widely investigated during the last several years. Despite considerable advances, the experimental detection still presents difficulties such as advected aerosol layers coupled to the planetary boundary layer (PBL) which usually produces an overestimation of the zPBL. To improve the detection of the zPBL in these complex atmospheric situations, we present a new algorithm, called POLARIS (PBL height estimation based on lidar depolarisation). POLARIS applies the wavelet covariance transform (WCT) to the range-corrected signal (RCS) and to the perpendicular-to-parallel signal ratio (δ) profiles. Different candidates for zPBL are chosen and the selection is done based on the WCT applied to the RCS and δ. We use two ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) campaigns with lidar and microwave radiometer (MWR) measurements, conducted in 2012 and 2013, for the POLARIS' adjustment and validation. POLARIS improves the zPBL detection compared to previous methods based on lidar measurements, especially when an aerosol layer is coupled to the PBL. We also compare the zPBL provided by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical weather prediction (NWP) model with respect to the zPBL determined with POLARIS and the MWR under Saharan dust events. WRF underestimates the zPBL during daytime but agrees with the MWR during night-time. The zPBL provided by WRF shows a better temporal evolution compared to the MWR during daytime than during night-time.

scholarly journals Supercooled Liquid Water Clouds observed and analysed at the Top of the Planetary Boundary Layer above Dome C, Antarctica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Ricaud ◽  
Massimo Del Guasta ◽  
Eric Bazile ◽  
Niramson Azouz ◽  
Angelo Lupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Mixing Layer ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Capping Inversion

Abstract. A comprehensive analysis of the water budget over the Dome C (Concordia, Antarctica) station has been performed during the austral summer 2018–2019 as part of the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) international campaign. Thin (~ 100-m) supercooled liquid water (SLW) clouds have been detected and analysed using remotely sensed observations at the station (tropospheric depolarization LIDAR, microwave radiometer HAMSTRAD, net surface radiation from Baseline Surface Radiation Network, BSRN), radiosondes and using satellite observations (CALIOP/CALIPSO) combined with a specific configuration of the Numerical Weather Prediction model: ARPEGE-SH. Two case studies are used to illustrate this phenomenon. On 24 December 2018, the atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL) evolved following a typical diurnal variation, that is to say with a warm and dry mixing layer at local noon thicker than the cold and dry stable layer at local midnight. Our study showed that the SLW clouds were observed at Dome C within the entrainment and the capping inversion zones at the top of the PBL. ARPEGE-SH was not able to correctly estimate the ratio between liquid and solid water inside the clouds. The SLW content was always strongly underestimated in the studied cases. The lack of simulated SLW in the model impacted the net surface radiation that was 20–30 W m−2 higher in the BSRN observations than in the ARPEGE-SH calculations, mainly attributable to longwave downward surface radiation from BSRN being 50 W m−2 greater than that of ARPEGE-SH. On 20 December 2018, a warm and wet episode impacted the PBL with no clear diurnal cycle of the PBL top height. SLW cloud appearance coincided with the warm and wet event within the entrainment and capping inversion zones. The amount of liquid water measured by HAMSTRAD was ~ 20 times greater in this perturbed PBL than in the typical PBL. Since ARPEGE-SH was not able to accurately reproduce these SLW clouds, the discrepancy between the observed and calculated net surface radiation was even greater than in the typical PBL period, reaching + 50 W m−2, mainly attributable to longwave downward surface radiation from BSRN being 100 W m−2 greater than that of ARPEGE-SH. The absence of SLW clouds in NWPs over Antarctica may indicate an incorrect simulation of the radiative budget of the polar atmosphere.

scholarly journals Analyzing the turbulent planetary boundary layer by remote sensing systems: the Doppler wind lidar, aerosol elastic lidar and microwave radiometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1263-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregori de Arruda Moreira ◽  
Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado ◽  
Jose A. Benavent-Oltra ◽  
Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua ◽  
Roberto Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Turbulent Characteristics ◽  
Remote Sensing Systems ◽  
Influence Of Noise

Abstract. The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is the lowermost region of troposphere and is endowed with turbulent characteristics, which can have mechanical and/or thermodynamic origins. This behavior gives this layer great importance, mainly in studies about pollutant dispersion and weather forecasting. However, the instruments usually applied in studies of turbulence in the PBL have limitations in spatial resolution (anemometer towers) or temporal resolution (instrumentation aboard an aircraft). Ground-based remote sensing, both active and passive, offers an alternative for studying the PBL. In this study we show the capabilities of combining different remote sensing systems (microwave radiometer – MWR, Doppler lidar – DL – and elastic lidar – EL) for retrieving a detailed picture on the PBL turbulent features. The statistical moments of the high frequency distributions of the vertical wind velocity, derived from DL, and of the backscattered coefficient, derived from EL, are corrected by two methodologies, namely first lag correction and -2/3 law correction. The corrected profiles, obtained from DL data, present small differences when compared with the uncorrected profiles, showing the low influence of noise and the viability of the proposed methodology. Concerning EL, in addition to analyzing the influence of noise, we explore the use of different wavelengths that usually include EL systems operated in extended networks, like the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET), Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET), NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) or Skyradiometer Network (SKYNET). In this way we want to show the feasibility of extending the capability of existing monitoring networks without strong investments or changes in their measurements protocols. Two case studies were analyzed in detail, one corresponding to a well-defined PBL and another corresponding to a situation with presence of a Saharan dust lofted aerosol layer and clouds. In both cases we discuss results provided by the different instruments showing their complementarity and the precautions to be applied in the data interpretation. Our study shows that the use of EL at 532 nm requires a careful correction of the signal using the first lag time correction in order to get reliable turbulence information on the PBL.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of an Idealized Tropical Cyclone to the Configuration of the Global Forecast System–Eddy Diffusivity Mass Flux Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Evan A. Kalina ◽  
Mrinal K. Biswas ◽  
Jun A. Zhang ◽  
Kathryn M. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Rapid Intensification ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
Stability Functions ◽  
Non Local ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heat And Moisture

The intensity and structure of simulated tropical cyclones (TCs) are known to be sensitive to the planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization in numerical weather prediction models. In this paper, we use an idealized version of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast system (HWRF) with constant sea-surface temperature (SST) to examine how the configuration of the PBL scheme used in the operational HWRF affects TC intensity change (including rapid intensification) and structure. The configuration changes explored in this study include disabling non-local vertical mixing, changing the coefficients in the stability functions for momentum and heat, and directly modifying the Prandtl number (Pr), which controls the ratio of momentum to heat and moisture exchange in the PBL. Relative to the control simulation, disabling non-local mixing produced a ~15% larger storm that intensified more gradually, while changing the coefficient values used in the stability functions had little effect. Varying Pr within the PBL had the greatest impact, with the largest Pr (~1.6 versus ~0.8) associated with more rapid intensification (~38 versus 29 m s−1 per day) but a 5–10 m s−1 weaker intensity after the initial period of strengthening. This seemingly paradoxical result is likely due to a decrease in the radius of maximum wind (~15 versus 20 km), but smaller enthalpy fluxes, in simulated storms with larger Pr. These results underscore the importance of measuring the vertical eddy diffusivities of momentum, heat, and moisture under high-wind, open-ocean conditions to reduce uncertainty in Pr in the TC PBL.

scholarly journals Lower Atmospheric Wind Dynamics as Measured by the 1290 MHz Wind Profiler Radar Located at Cardington (Lat. 52.10ºN, Long. 0.42ºE), UK and Their Comparisons with Near-by Radiosonde Instrument

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
M. Satyavani ◽  
P. S. Brahmanandam ◽  
P. S. V. Subba Rao ◽  
M. P. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Universal Time ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Wind Profiler ◽  
Independent Observations ◽  
Wind Profiler Radar

This study reports diurnal variations of wind directions, wind speed of vector winds, and the evolution of boundary layer (BL) over a mid-latitude measured using a transportable 1290 MHz wind profiling radar located at Cardington (Lat. 52.10ºN; Long. 0.42ºE), Bedfordshire, UK from 17 to 28 April 2010. The horizontal winds show benign behavior during nighttime hours, while winds during daytime hours had magnitudes around, on average, 10-20 m/s, in the majority of the cases. The heights of the boundary layer (BL) varied from as low as ~1100 m to ~2600 km and BL height had shown to have evolved from 0700 universal time (UT) onwards and collapsed by 0000 UT.  Besides, a comparison made between winds measured by the 1290 MHz radar and near-by radiosonde showed a moderate similitude between them, albeit a few discrepancies are found in wind directions and speeds. The possible reasons for these discrepancies could be different volume sensing of observations of these independent observations. An attempt is, therefore, made to calculate radiosonde balloon drifts [1] for the ascending node of the balloons, which had confirmed that the balloons often drifted horizontally as long as up to 100 km. The large drifts, most probably, are the possible reasons for the mismatching of winds measured by these two independent remote sensing instruments.

scholarly journals Estudo do ciclo diário da Camada Limite Planetária durante a estação cChuvosa da Amazônia (GOAmazon 2014/15)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayonil Gomes Carneiro ◽  
Alice Henkes ◽  
Gilberto Fisch ◽  
Camilla Kassar Borges
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Convective Boundary ◽  
In Situ Observations

In the present study, the evolution the diurnal cycle of planetary boundary layer in the wet season at Amazon region during a period of intense observations carried out in the GOAmazon Project 2014/2015 (Green Ocean Amazon).The analysis includes radiosonde and remote sensing data. In general case, the results of the daily cycle in the wet season indicate a Nocturnal boundary layer with a small oscillation in its depth and with a tardy erosion. The convective boundary layer did not present great depth, responding to the low values of sensible heat of the wet season. A comparison between the different techniques(in situ observations and remote sensing)  for estimating the planetary boundary layer is also presented.

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