scholarly journals Sulfur-containing particles emitted by concealed sulfide ore deposits: an unknown source of sulfur-containing particles in the atmosphere

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 6959-6969 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Cao ◽  
Y. K. Li ◽  
T. Jiang ◽  
G. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Organic Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Unknown Source ◽  
Deep Faults ◽  
Sulfide Ore ◽  
Amorphous Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract. Sources of sulfur dioxide, sulfates, and organic sulfur compounds, such as fossil fuels, volcanic eruptions, and animal feeding operations, have attracted considerable attention. In this study, we collected particles carried by geogas flows ascending through soil, geogas flows above the soil that had passed through the soil, and geogas flows ascending through deep faults of concealed sulfide ore deposits, and analysed them using transmission electron microscopy. Numerous crystalline and amorphous sulfur-containing particles or particle aggregations were found in the ascending geogas flows. In addition to S, the particles contained O, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Na, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, As, Ti, Sr, Ba, Si, etc. Such particles are usually a few to several hundred nanometres in diameter with either regular or irregular morphology. The sulfur-containing particles originated from deep-seated weathering or faulting products of concealed sulfide ore deposits. The particles suspended in the ascending geogas flow migrated through faults from deep-seated sources to the atmosphere. This is a previously unknown source of the atmospheric particles. This paper reports, for the first time, the emission of sulfur-containing particles into the atmosphere from concealed sulfide ore deposits. The climatic and ecological influences of these sulfur-containing particles and particle aggregations should be assessed.

scholarly journals Sulfur-containing particles emitted by concealed sulfide ore deposits: an unknown source of sulfur-containing particles in the atmosphere

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 28299-28331
Author(s):  
J. Cao ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
T. Jiang ◽  
G. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Organic Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Unknown Source ◽  
Deep Faults ◽  
Sulfide Ore ◽  
Amorphous Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract. Sources of sulfur dioxide, sulfates, and organic sulfur compounds, such as fossil fuels, volcanic eruptions, and animal feeding operations, have attracted considerable attention. In this study, we collected particles carried by geogas flows ascending through soil, geogas flows above the soil that had passed through the soil, and geogas flows ascending through deep faults of concealed sulfide ore deposits and analyzed them using transmission electron microscopy. Numerous crystalline and amorphous sulfur-containing particles or particle aggregations were found in the ascending geogas flows. In addition to S, the particles contained O, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Na, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, As, Ti, Sr, Ba, Si, etc. Such particles are usually a few to several hundred nanometers in diameter with either regular or irregular morphology. The sulfur-containing particles originated from deep-seated weathering or faulting products of concealed sulfide ore deposits. The particles suspended in the ascending geogas flow migrated through faults from deep-seated sources to the atmosphere. This is a previously unknown source of the atmospheric particles. This paper reports, for the first time, the emission of sulfur-containing particles into the atmosphere from concealed sulfide ore deposits. The climatic and ecological influences of these sulfur-containing particles and particle aggregations should to be assessed.

Magmatic-Hydrothermal Fluids

Elements ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Audétat ◽  
Marie Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Metal Content ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Mineral Growth ◽  
Fluid Saturation ◽  
Fluid Phase Equilibria

Magmatic-hydrothermal fluids play a key role in a variety of geological processes, including volcanic eruptions and the formation of ore deposits whose metal content is derived from magmas and transported to the site of ore deposition by means of hydrothermal fluids. Here, we explain the causes and consequences of fluid saturation in magmas, the corresponding fluid-phase equilibria, and the behavior of metals and ligands during the transition from magma to an exsolved hydrothermal fluid. Much of what we know about magmatic-hydrothermal systems stems from the study of fluid inclusions, which are minute droplets of fluids trapped within minerals during mineral growth.

scholarly journals Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 4945-4956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
Abigail R. Koss ◽  
Carsten Warneke ◽  
Scott Eilerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H3O+ ToF-CIMS), which can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO3) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high time-resolution mobile measurements allow for the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of animal-related emissions (animal exhalation and waste) and feed-related emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with animals and their waste.

scholarly journals Magmatic Sulfide Ore Deposits

Elements ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Barnes ◽  
David A. Holwell ◽  
Margaux Le Vaillant
Keyword(s):  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Sulfide Ore ◽  
Magmatic Sulfide

scholarly journals Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
Abigail R. Koss ◽  
Carsten Warneke ◽  
Scott Eilerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H3O+ ToF-CIMS) that can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to in the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO3) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high time-resolution mobile measurements allow the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol concentrations are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of animal-related emissions (animal exhalation and waste) and feed-related emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with animals and their waste.

scholarly journals Procedure for risk assessment of initiation and progression of oxidation processes during development of pyrite ore deposits

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Gennady Einbinder ◽  
Natalia Mitishova ◽  
Dmitry Radchenko ◽  
Egor Knyazkin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Hazard Degree ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sulfide Ore ◽  
Hazardous Production

In the modern conditions, the scale of subsoil transformation in the process of mineral extraction is characterized by an increased risk of accidents, often accompanied by man-made disasters. In this regard, hazard analysis and accident risk assessment is the most important scientific and technical task, the solution of which is based on methods for identification of hazards, study of development trends and assessment of consequences of theoretically possible accidents. In relation to development conditions of sulfide ore deposits, only an accident risk assessment with determination of the possible accident hazard degree, as well as preparation and timely correction of measures aimed at reduction of accident risks can ensure an acceptable level of industrial safety at the hazardous production facility.

Performance of low-fold scalar migration for downhole seismic imaging of massive sulfide ore deposits at Norman West, Sudbury, Canada

Geophysics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. WC3-WC13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Mueller ◽  
Gilles Bellefleur ◽  
Erick Adam ◽  
Gervais Perron ◽  
Marko Mah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Imaging ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Massive Sulfide ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
Seismic Scattering ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Sudbury Igneous Complex ◽  
Sulfide Ore

The Downhole Seismic Imaging consortium conducted two consecutive vertical seismic profiling surveys in the Norman West mining camp (Sudbury, Canada) in 1998 and 1999. These were aimed toward imaging a massive sulfide ore deposit situated within the footwall of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC). Three-component seismic data were acquired in four boreholes with variable signal-to-noise ratio and poor polarization quality. Consequently, the images suffered from strong azimuthal ambiguity. A strike filter, passing only reflections originating from within the SIC, was applied during migration to enhance interpretability of the images obtained. Migrated images showed structures correlating with the known position of an ore deposit located 1800 m away from one borehole (N40). Diffraction coherency migration enhanced the image of the deposit, and suggested strong seismic scattering from within the footwall of the SIC.

Char and Tar Production From Dairy Biomass Gasification Using Air-Steam for Partial Oxidation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Gordillo ◽  
Kalyan Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Animal Feeding

The increase in air pollution caused by combustion of fossil fuels demands the exploration of renewable energy sources in order to mitigate the dependence on fossil fuels. Research includes the efforts to partially replace fossil fuels with renewable energy-sources in thermal conversion processes in order to reduce the emission of CO2. The animal wastes can be considered as biomass fuels since their properties are almost similar to ration fed to animals. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) such as cattle feedlots and dairies produce a large amount of feedlot manure or feedlot biomass (FB) and dairy manure or dairy biomass (DB), which may lead to land, water, and air pollution if waste handling systems and storage and treatment structures are not properly managed. Both FB and DB are grouped under cattle manure or cattle biomass (CB). The concentrated production of low quality CB at these feeding operations can serve as a good feedstock for locally based gasification for syngas (CO and H2) production and subsequent use in combined heat and power generation. If thermal gasification technology is developed for DB fuels, the environmental impact from both animal feeding operations and fossil-fuels could be mitigated. The current paper presents experimental results obtained from adiabatic fixed-bed gasification of DB using a 10 KW fixed bed counter-flow gasifier and air-steam for partial oxidation. A mass spectrometer (ProLab Thermo ONIX) was used to analyze the gas composition continuously and at real time. The effect of the operating parameters studied, which includes equivalence ratio (1.6 < Φ < 6.4) and steam to fuel (S:F) ratio (0.4 < S:F < 0.8, on the yields of gases, char, and tar are discussed. Also, results from gasification of dairy biomass–ash blend (DB-Ash) and dairy biomass Wyoming coal blend (DB-WYC) is presented for comparison effects. In general, for the set of experiments performed using DB, the gas yield was 1.54 to 5.30 dry tar-free kg of gases per each kg of DAF DB gasified while the char production ranged from 0 to 0.18 kg of char per DAF kg of DB gasified. The average of tar concentration in gases leaving the gasifier was about 80 g/ SATP m3.

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