scholarly journals Impacts of emission reduction and meteorological conditions on air quality improvement during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 13457-13471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Huang ◽  
Tijian Wang ◽  
Pulong Chen ◽  
Xiaoxian Huang ◽  
Jialei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Quality Improvement

Abstract. As the holding city of the 2nd Youth Olympic Games (YOG), Nanjing is highly industrialized and urbanized, and faces several air pollution issues. In order to ensure better air quality during the event, the local government took great efforts to control the emissions from pollutant sources. However, air quality can still be affected by synoptic weather, not only emission. In this paper, the influences of meteorological factors and emission reductions were investigated using observational data and numerical simulations with WRF–CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting – Community Multiscale Air Quality). During the month in which the YOG were held (August 2014), the observed hourly mean concentrations of SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO and O3 were 11.6 µg m−3, 34.0 µg m−3, 57.8 µg m−3, 39.4 µg m−3, 0.9 mg m−3 and 38.8 µg m−3, respectively, which were below China National Ambient Air Quality Standard (level 2). However, model simulation showed that the weather conditions, such as weaker winds during the YOG, were adverse for better air quality and could increase SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and CO by 17.5, 16.9, 18.5, 18.8, 7.8 and 0.8 %. Taking account of local emission abatement only, the simulated SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and CO decreased by 24.6, 12.1, 15.1, 8.1 and 7.2 %. Consequently, stringent emission control measures can reduce the concentrations of air pollutants in the short term, and emission reduction is very important for air quality improvement during the YOG. A good example has been set for air quality protection for important social events.

scholarly journals Impacts of emission reduction and meteorological conditions on air quality improvement during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing, China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Huang ◽  
Tijian Wang ◽  
Pulong Chen ◽  
Xiaoxian Huang ◽  
Jialei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Air Quality Improvement

Abstract. As the holding city of the 2nd Youth Olympic Games (YOG), Nanjing is highly industrialized and urbanized facing with several air pollution issues. In order to ensure better air quality during the event, the local government took great efforts to control the pollution emissions. However, air quality can still be affected by meteorology. In this paper, the influences of meteorological factors and emission reductions were investigated using observational data and numerical simulations with WRF/CMAQ. During the YOG (August, 2014), the concentration of SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO and O3 was 11.6 μg/m3, 34.0 μg/m3, 57.8 μg/m3, 39.4 μg/m3, 0.9 μg/m3, and 38.8 μg/m3, respectively, which were under China National Ambient Air Quality Standard. However, simulation showed that the weather conditions such as weaker winds during the holding time were adverse for better air quality, and raised SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and CO by 17.5 %, 16.9 %, 19.0 %, 19.5 %, 7.8 % and 0.8 %, respectively. Taking account of local emission abatement only, SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and CO was decreased by 24.6 %, 12.1 %, 14.5 %, 6.9 % and 7.2 %, respectively. Consequently, stringent emission control measures can reduce the concentrations of air pollutants in short term, and emission reduction is the dominant factor of the air quality improvement during the YOG, which has set up a good example in air protection for important social events.

scholarly journals Tougher Targets for China’s Clean Air Cities? Implications from Air Quality Assessment in Shenzhen

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Huang ◽  
Qinglan Li ◽  
Guangxin Li ◽  
Xiaoxue Wang ◽  
Liqun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Air Quality Standards ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Clean Air

Shenzhen is China’s top ten clean air city and the cleanest air megacity. Even so, epidemiologic studies have shown ambient air pollution had significant adverse impacts on human health in this less polluted city. In this study, the concentrations of six criteria air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO) from 2014 to 2017 were analyzed and compared to thresholds of both national and international air quality standards. The results showed concentrations of all air pollutants were below target values of current national air quality standard, but levels of particulate matter (PM) and O3 were still much higher than the recommended levels by the World Health Organization. Within national air quality standards, the number of over-limit days was rare with few variations between highly polluted and low pollution areas. The air quality improvement was slowing down recently. Our results suggest annual and daily thresholds for PM are too loose for air quality improvement in Shenzhen. Hence, we call for evaluation and establishment of tougher air quality standard.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of SOx, NOx, and Primary Particulate Matter Control Strategies in the Improvement of Ambient PM Concentration in Taiwan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Jiun-Horng Tsai ◽  
Ming-Ye Lee ◽  
Hung-Lung Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) measurement was employed for evaluating the effectiveness of fine particulate matter control strategies in Taiwan. There are three scenarios as follows: (I) the 2014 baseline year emission, (II) 2020 emissions reduced via the Clean Air Act (CAA), and (III) other emissions reduced stringently via the Clean Air Act. Based on the Taiwan Emission Data System (TEDs) 8.1, established in 2014, the emission of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) was 73.5 thousand tons y−1, that of SOx was 121.3 thousand tons y−1, and that of NOx was 404.4 thousand tons y−1 in Taiwan. The CMAQ model simulation indicated that the PM2.5 concentration was 21.9 μg m−3. This could be underestimated by 24% in comparison with data from the ambient air quality monitoring stations of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA). The results of the simulation of the PM2.5 concentration showed high PM2.5 concentrations in central and southwestern Taiwan, especially in Taichung and Kaohsiung. Compared to scenario I, the average annual concentrations of PM2.5 for scenario II and scenario III showed reductions of 20.1% and 28.8%, respectively. From the results derived from the simulation, it can be seen that control of NOx emissions may improve daily airborne PM2.5 concentrations in Taiwan significantly and control of directly emitted PM2.5 emissions may improve airborne PM2.5 concentrations each month. Nevertheless, the results reveal that the preliminary control plan could not achievethe air quality standard. Therefore, the efficacy and effectiveness of the control measures must be considered to better reduce emissions in the future.

scholarly journals Air quality improvement in a megacity: implications from 2015 Beijing Parade Blue pollution control actions

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xu ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Yangyang Zhang ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Emission Control Measures ◽  
Control Regions

Abstract. The implementation of strict emission control measures in Beijing and surrounding regions during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade provided a valuable opportunity to investigate related air quality improvements in a megacity. We measured NH3, NO2 and PM2.5 at multiple sites in and outside Beijing and summarized concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO in 291 cities across China from a national urban air quality monitoring network between August and September 2015. Consistently significant reductions of 12–35 % for NH3 and 33–59 % for NO2 in different areas of Beijing during the emission control period (referred to as the Parade Blue period) were observed compared with measurements in the pre- and post-Parade Blue periods without emission controls. Average NH3 and NO2 concentrations at sites near traffic were strongly correlated and showed positive and significant responses to traffic reduction measures, suggesting that traffic is an important source of both NH3 and NOx in urban Beijing. Daily concentrations of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol (sulfate, ammonium and nitrate) at the urban and rural sites both decreased during the Parade Blue period. During (after) the emission control period, concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO from the national city-monitoring network showed the largest decrease (increase) of 34–72 % (50–214 %) in Beijing, a smaller decrease (a moderate increase) of 1–32 % (16–44 %) in emission control regions outside Beijing and an increase (decrease) of 6–16 % (−2–7 %) in non-emission-control regions of China. Integrated analysis of modelling and monitoring results demonstrated that emission control measures made a major contribution to air quality improvement in Beijing compared with a minor contribution from favourable meteorological conditions during the Parade Blue period. These results show that controls of secondary aerosol precursors (NH3, SO2 and NOx) locally and regionally are key to curbing air pollution in Beijing and probably in other mega cities worldwide.

Effects of the emergency control measures in Beijing on air quality improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Tian ◽  
Tianqi Cai ◽  
Jing Shang ◽  
James J. Schauer ◽  
Shujian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Emergency Control ◽  
Air Quality Improvement

scholarly journals Air Quality Improvement in a Megacity: Implications from 2015 Beijing Parade Blue Pollution-Control Actions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xu ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Yangyang Zhang ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Emission Control Measures

Abstract. The implementation of strict emission control measures in Beijing and surrounding regions during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade provided a valuable opportunity to investigate related air quality improvements in a megacity. We measured NH3, NO2 and PM2.5 at multiple sites in and outside Beijing and summarized concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO in 291 cities across China from a national urban air quality monitoring network between August and September 2015. Consistently significant reductions of 12–35 % for NH3 and 33–59 % for NO2 in different areas of Beijing city during the emission control period (referred to as the Parade Blue period) were observed compared with measurements in the pre- and post-Parade Blue periods without emission controls. Average NH3 and NO2 concentrations at sites near traffic were strongly correlated and showed positive and significant responses to traffic reduction measures, suggesting that traffic is an important source of both NH3 and NOx in urban Beijing. Daily concentrations of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol (sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate) at the urban and rural sites both decreased during the Parade Blue period. Concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO from the national city-monitoring network showed the largest decrease (34–72 %) in Beijing, a smaller decrease (1–32 %) in North China (excluding Beijing), and an increase (6–16 %) in other regions of China during the emission control period. Integrated analysis of modeling and monitoring results demonstrated that emission control measures made a major contribution to air quality improvement in Beijing compared with a minor contribution from favorable meteorological conditions during the Parade Blue period. These results show that controls of secondary aerosol precursors (NH3, SO2 and NOx) locally and regionally are key to curbing air pollution in Beijing and probably in other mega cities worldwide.

scholarly journals Effects of air pollution control measures on air quality improvement in Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meifang Yu ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Che-Jen Lin ◽  
Shuxiao Wang ◽  
Jia Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Air Quality Improvement

scholarly journals Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone from 2010 to 2025

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12013-12027 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Liu ◽  
X. M. Wang ◽  
J. M. Pang ◽  
K. B. He
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Abstract. Improving the air quality in China is a long and arduous task. Although China has made very aggressive plans for air pollutant control, the difficulties in achieving the new air quality goals are still significant. A lot of cities are developing their implementation plan (CIP) for new air quality goals. In this study, a southern city, Guangzhou, has been selected to analyze the feasibility and difficulties of new air quality standard compliance, as well as the CIP evaluation. A comprehensive study of the air quality status in Guangzhou and the surrounding area was conducted using 22 monitoring sites collection data for O3, PM2.5 and PM10. The monthly non-attainment rates for O3 vary from 7 to 25% for May to November. The city average PM2.5 concentration was 53 μg m−3 in Guangzhou in 2010, which needs to be reduced by at least 34% to achieve the target of 35 μg m−3. The PM2.5 high violation months are from November to March. A CIP was developed for Guangzhou, which focused on PM2.5. Based on the CIP, the emission amounts of NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 2025 would be controlled to 119, 61, 26 and 163 thousand tons, respectively, reduced by 51.9%, 55.9%, 61.8% and 41.3%, respectively, compared to 2010. Analysis of air quality using the model MM5-STEM suggests that the long-term control measures would achieve the PM2.5 and PM10 goals successfully by 2025. The PM2.5 annual average concentration would be reduced to 27 μg m−3 in 2025. However, such PM2.5-based emission control scenarios may enhance the ozone pollution problems. The O3 non-attainment rate would increase from 7.1% in 2010 to 12.9% in 2025, implying that ozone will likely become a major compliance issue with the new national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). This suggests that O3 control must be taken into account while designing PM2.5 control strategies, especially PM2.5 compliance under increased atmospheric oxidation, and for VOCs / NOx reduction ratios need to be further investigated, in order to eventually achieve O3–PM2.5 co-improvement in this region or other cities.

scholarly journals Effects of Ambient Air Quality Improvement on Mortality From Acute Air Pollution Exposure in Beijing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxiu Han ◽  
Han Jingxiu ◽  
Meng Congshen ◽  
Liu Jingyi ◽  
Xu Chunyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Air Quality Improvement

Abstract Exposure to air pollutants increase the mortality of population. Developing countries have taken measures to control air pollution. To explore the effects of air quality improvement on mortality, air quality and acute exposure-response coefficients of excess death in Beijing since the 1990’s were analyzed. It was divided into five stages according to the concentration level of pollutants. Coefficients for period 1990 – 2013 were obtained by retrieving literatures published before December 31, 2019. The coefficients for period 2015 – 2017 were obtained by analyzing the daily data of air pollutant concentration, meteorological and human mortality conducting Poisson Generalized Additive Model (GAM). Meta-analysis of random effect model was used to estimate the integrated coefficient of multiple studies at each stages. Comparative analysis was used to analyze the variation of air quality and coefficients in different stages. The results showed that the concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10μm (PM10) and ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) decreased by up to 50%, 21%, 22% and 15% in different stages. The coefficient of SO2 on death from respiratory diseases decreased by up to 63.79%. The coefficients of NO2 on mortality from non-accidental causes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease decreased by up to 0.95%, 1.34% and 0.54%. The coefficients of PM10, PM2.5 on mortality from cardiovascular diseases and respiratory disease were decreased by up to 0.19%, 0.31%, 0.65% and 0.36%. Continued improvements in air quality have reduced the acute impact on the health of the local population.

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