scholarly journals Analysis of IASI tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> data over Arctic during POLARCAT campaigns in 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 33127-33171
Author(s):  
M. Pommier ◽  
C. Clerbaux ◽  
K. S. Law ◽  
G. Ancellet ◽  
P. Bernath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Infrared Radiance ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
International Polar

Abstract. Ozone data retrieved in the Arctic region from infrared radiance spectra recorded by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on board the MetOp-A European satellite are presented. They are compared with in situ and lidar observations obtained during a series of aircraft measurement campaigns as part of the International Polar Year (IPY) POLARCAT activities in spring and summer 2008. Different air masses were sampled during the campaigns including clean air, polluted plumes originating from anthropogenic sources, forest fire plumes from the three northern continents, and stratospheric-influenced air masses. The comparison between IASI O3 [0–8 km], [0–12 km] partial columns and profiles with collocated aircraft observations is achieved by taking into account the different sensitivity and geometry of the sounding instruments. A detailed analysis is provided and the agreement is discussed in terms of information content and surface properties at the location of the observations. Overall, IASI O3 profiles are found to be in relatively good agreement in the free troposphere with smoothed in situ and lidar profiles with differences less than 40% (25% over the sea for both seasons) and 10%, respectively. The correlation between IASI O3 retrieved partial columns and the smoothed aircraft partial columns is good with DC-8 in situ data in spring over North American forest fire regions (r = 0.68), and over Greenland with ATR-42 lidar measurements in summer (r = 0.67). Correlations with other data are less significant highlighting the difficulty with which IASI is able to capture O3 variability in the Arctic upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) with sufficient precision as noted in comparison with the [0–12 km] partial columns. However the [0–8 km] partial columns show good results with IASI which displays a negative bias (maximum of 26% over snow) compared to columns derived from in situ measurements. Despite these difficulties in the Arctic UTLS, this work also shows that IASI can be used to study particular cases where stratospheric intrusions are present using a O3/CO ratio diagnostic.

scholarly journals Analysis of IASI tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> data over the Arctic during POLARCAT campaigns in 2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 7371-7389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pommier ◽  
C. Clerbaux ◽  
K. S. Law ◽  
G. Ancellet ◽  
P. Bernath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Infrared Radiance ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
International Polar

Abstract. Ozone data retrieved in the Arctic region from infrared radiance spectra recorded by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on board the MetOp-A European satellite are presented. They are compared with in situ and lidar observations obtained during a series of aircraft measurement campaigns as part of the International Polar Year POLARCAT activities in spring and summer 2008. Different air masses were sampled during the campaigns including clean air, polluted plumes originating from anthropogenic sources, forest fire plumes from the three northern continents, and stratospheric-influenced air masses. The comparison between IASI O3 [0–8 km], [0–12 km] partial columns and profiles with collocated aircraft observations is achieved by taking into account the different sensitivity and geometry of the sounding instruments. A detailed analysis is provided and the agreement is discussed in terms of vertical sensitivity and surface properties at the location of the observations. Overall, IASI O3 profiles are found to be in relatively good agreement with smoothed in situ and lidar profiles in the free troposphere with differences of less than 40% (25% over sea for both seasons) and 10%, respectively. The correlation between IASI O3 retrieved partial columns and the smoothed aircraft partial columns is good with DC-8 in situ data in spring over North America (r = 0.68), and over Greenland with ATR-42 lidar measurements in summer (r = 0.67). Correlations with other data are less significant highlighting the difficulty of IASI to capture precisely the O3 variability in the Arctic upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). This is particularly noted in comparison with the [0–12 km] partial columns. The IASI [0–8 km] partial columns display a low negative bias (by less than 26% over snow) compared to columns derived from in situ measurements. Despite the relatively high biases of the IASI retrievals in the Arctic UTLS, our analysis shows that IASI can be used to identify, using O3 / CO ratios, stratospheric intrusions.

scholarly journals IASI carbon monoxide validation over the Arctic during POLARCAT spring and summer campaigns

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 14445-14494 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pommier ◽  
K. S. Law ◽  
C. Clerbaux ◽  
S. Turquety ◽  
D. Hurtmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
The North ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
International Polar

Abstract. In this paper, we provide a detailed comparison between carbon monoxide (CO) data measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)/METOP and aircraft measurements over the Arctic. The CO measurements were obtained during North American campaigns (NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC) and European campaigns (POLARCAT-France, POLARCAT-GRACE and YAK-AEROSIB) as part of the International Polar Year (IPY) in spring and summer 2008. During the campaigns different air masses were sampled including clean air, polluted plumes originating from anthropogenic sources in Europe, Asia and North America, and forest fire plumes originating from Siberia and Canada. CO-rich plumes following different transport pathways were captured well by the IASI instrument, illustrated for example by a transport event over the North Pole from Asia on 9 July 2008. The comparison between the IASI CO profiles and aircraft data was achieved by first completing the latter for higher altitudes using a latitudinally dependent climatology of ACE-FTS satellite CO profiles (2004–2009) and by subsequently smoothing the resulting full profiles by the IASI averaging kernels. Proceeding this way, the IASI profiles were shown to be in good agreement with smoothed in situ profiles (with a difference of about 10 ppbv) in spring. In summer, the IASI profiles were higher than the smoothed in situ profiles below 8 km, for all polluted cases. Correlations between IASI and combination ACE-FTS/aircraft derived total columns varied from 0.15 to 0.74 in spring and 0.26 to 0.84 in summer, with better results over the sea in spring (0.73) and over the land in summer (0.69).

STORM ICE OIL WIND WAVE WATCH SYSTEM (SIOWS): WEB GIS APPLICATION FOR MONITORING THE ARCTIC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Ekaterina Balashova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Current State ◽  
Watch System

Working with satellite data, has long been an issue for users which has often prevented from a wider use of these data because of Volume, Access, Format and Data Combination. The purpose of the Storm Ice Oil Wind Wave Watch System (SIOWS) developed at Satellite Oceanography Laboratory (SOLab) is to solve the main issues encountered with satellite data and to provide users with a fast and flexible tool to select and extract data within massive archives that match exactly its needs or interest improving the efficiency of the monitoring system of geophysical conditions in the Arctic. SIOWS - is a Web GIS, designed to display various satellite, model and in situ data, it uses developed at SOLab storing, processing and visualization technologies for operational and archived data. It allows synergistic analysis of both historical data and monitoring of the current state and dynamics of the "ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere" system in the Arctic region, as well as Arctic system forecasting based on thermodynamic models with satellite data assimilation.

scholarly journals International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere: An International Polar Year Legacy Consortium

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taneil Uttal ◽  
Sandra Starkweather ◽  
James R. Drummond ◽  
Timo Vihma ◽  
Alexander P. Makshtas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Network Measurements ◽  
International Polar ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

Abstract International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA) activities and partnerships were initiated as a part of the 2007–09 International Polar Year (IPY) and are expected to continue for many decades as a legacy program. The IASOA focus is on coordinating intensive measurements of the Arctic atmosphere collected in the United States, Canada, Russia, Norway, Finland, and Greenland to create synthesis science that leads to an understanding of why and not just how the Arctic atmosphere is evolving. The IASOA premise is that there are limitations with Arctic modeling and satellite observations that can only be addressed with boots-on-the-ground, in situ observations and that the potential of combining individual station and network measurements into an integrated observing system is tremendous. The IASOA vision is that by further integrating with other network observing programs focusing on hydrology, glaciology, oceanography, terrestrial, and biological systems it will be possible to understand the mechanisms of the entire Arctic system, perhaps well enough for humans to mitigate undesirable variations and adapt to inevitable change.

STORM ICE OIL WIND WAVE WATCH SYSTEM (SIOWS): WEB GIS APPLICATION FOR MONITORING THE ARCTIC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Ekaterina Balashova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Current State ◽  
Watch System

Working with satellite data, has long been an issue for users which has often prevented from a wider use of these data because of Volume, Access, Format and Data Combination. The purpose of the Storm Ice Oil Wind Wave Watch System (SIOWS) developed at Satellite Oceanography Laboratory (SOLab) is to solve the main issues encountered with satellite data and to provide users with a fast and flexible tool to select and extract data within massive archives that match exactly its needs or interest improving the efficiency of the monitoring system of geophysical conditions in the Arctic. SIOWS - is a Web GIS, designed to display various satellite, model and in situ data, it uses developed at SOLab storing, processing and visualization technologies for operational and archived data. It allows synergistic analysis of both historical data and monitoring of the current state and dynamics of the "ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere" system in the Arctic region, as well as Arctic system forecasting based on thermodynamic models with satellite data assimilation.

scholarly journals Atmospheric mercury speciation dynamics at the high-altitude Pic du Midi Observatory, southern France

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. W. Fu ◽  
N. Marusczak ◽  
L. -E. Heimbürger ◽  
B. Sauvage ◽  
F. Gheusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
The North

Abstract. Continuous measurements of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), particulate bound mercury (PBM) and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) at the high-altitude Pic du Midi Observatory (PDM, 2877 m a.s.l) in southern France were made from Nov 2011 to Nov 2012. The mean GEM, PBM and GOM concentrations were 1.86 ng m−3, 14 pg m−3 and 27 pg m−3, respectively and we observed 44 high PBM (up to 98 pg m−3) and 61 high GOM (up to 295 pg m−3) events. The high PBM events occurred mainly in cold seasons (winter and spring) whereas high GOM events were mainly observed in the warm seasons (summer and autumn). In cold seasons the maximum air mass residence times (ARTs) associated with high PBM events were observed in the upper troposphere over North America. The ratios of high PBM ARTs to total ARTs over North America, Europe, the Arctic region and Atlantic Ocean were all elevated in the cold season compared to the warm season, indicating that the middle and upper free troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere may be more enriched in PBM in cold seasons. PBM concentrations and PBM/GOM ratios during the high PBM events were significantly anti-correlated with atmospheric aerosol concentrations, air temperature and solar radiation, suggesting in situ formation of PBM in the middle and upper troposphere. We identified two distinct types of high GOM events with the GOM concentrations positively and negatively correlated with atmospheric ozone concentrations, respectively. High GOM events positively correlated with ozone were mainly related to air masses from the upper troposphere over the Arctic region and middle troposphere over the temperate North Atlantic Ocean, whereas high GOM events anti-correlated with ozone were mainly related to air masses from the lower free troposphere over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. The ARTs analysis demonstrates that the lower and middle free troposphere over the North Atlantic Ocean was the largest source region of atmospheric GOM at PDM Observatory. The ratios of high GOM ARTs to total ARTs over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean in summer were significantly higher than that over the temperate and sub-arctic North Atlantic Ocean as well as that over the North Atlantic Ocean in other seasons, indicating abundant in situ oxidation of GEM to GOM in the lower free troposphere over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean in summer.

scholarly journals Atmospheric mercury speciation dynamics at the high-altitude Pic du Midi Observatory, southern France

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 5623-5639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewu Fu ◽  
Nicolas Marusczak ◽  
Lars-Eric Heimbürger ◽  
Bastien Sauvage ◽  
François Gheusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
The North

Abstract. Continuous measurements of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), particulate bound mercury (PBM) and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) at the high-altitude Pic du Midi Observatory (PDM Observatory, 2877 m a.s.l.) in southern France were made from November 2011 to November 2012. The mean GEM, PBM and GOM concentrations were 1.86 ng m−3, 14 pg m−3 and 27 pg m−3, respectively and we observed 44 high PBM (peak PBM values of 33–98 pg m−3) and 61 high GOM (peak GOM values of 91–295 pg m−3) events. The high PBM events occurred mainly in cold seasons (winter and spring) whereas high GOM events were mainly observed in the warm seasons (summer and autumn). In cold seasons the maximum air mass residence times (ARTs) associated with high PBM events were observed in the upper troposphere over North America. The ratios of high PBM ARTs to total ARTs over North America, Europe, the Arctic region and Atlantic Ocean were all elevated in the cold season compared to the warm season, indicating that the middle and upper free troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere may be more enriched in PBM in cold seasons. PBM concentrations and PBM ∕ GOM ratios during the high PBM events were significantly anti-correlated with atmospheric aerosol concentrations, air temperature and solar radiation, suggesting in situ formation of PBM in the middle and upper troposphere. We identified two distinct types of high GOM events with the GOM concentrations positively and negatively correlated with atmospheric ozone concentrations, respectively. High GOM events positively correlated with ozone were mainly related to air masses from the upper troposphere over the Arctic region and middle troposphere over the temperate North Atlantic Ocean, whereas high GOM events anti-correlated with ozone were mainly related to air masses from the lower free troposphere over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. The ARTs analysis demonstrates that the lower and middle free troposphere over the North Atlantic Ocean was the largest source region of atmospheric GOM at the PDM Observatory. The ratios of high GOM ARTs to total ARTs over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean in summer were significantly higher than those over the temperate and sub-arctic North Atlantic Ocean as well as that over the North Atlantic Ocean in other seasons, indicating abundant in situ oxidation of GEM to GOM in the lower free troposphere over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean in summer.

The International Geophysical Year

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Spencer Jones
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Primary Object ◽  
International Polar ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Arctic Region

In 1874, the Austrian arctic scientist, Weyprecht, on his return from an Austro-Hungarian polar expedition stated that, though many countries had sent expeditions into the polar regions at great expense and involving appreciable hazards to those participating, no important contributions to knowledge had resulted from them. They had done a certain amount of mapping and obtained a few meteorological observations but the primary object had been, as a matter of national prestige, to plant the flag nearer to the Pole than had been reached before. In his opinion what was needed for the advancement of knowledge about the polar regions was that nations should collaborate in sending expeditions to various parts of the arctic region to make observations throughout the whole of one year. Largely because of his persistent advocacy of this view, the value of the proposal came to be recognized, and as a result the enterprise known as the First International Polar Year was developed. A number of countries combined to send expeditions to establish observing stations at selected points in the arctic region to make observations throughout the year 1882–3 in meteorology and geomagnetism and also of the aurora. The observations made during this Polar Year contributed appreciably to knowledge of geomagnetism and of meteorology.

scholarly journals Absorption, scattering and single scattering albedo of aerosols obtained from in situ measurements in the subarctic coastal region of Norway

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2161-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Montilla ◽  
S. Mogo ◽  
V. Cachorro ◽  
J. Lopez ◽  
A. de Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Single Scattering Albedo ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
International Polar Year

Abstract. In situ measurements of aerosol optical properties were made in summer 2008 at the ALOMAR station facility (69°16 N, 16°00 E), located at a rural site in the North of the island of Andøya (Vesterålen archipelago), about 300 km north of the Arctic Circle. The extended three months campaign was part of the POLAR-CAT Project of the International Polar Year (IPY-2007-2008), and its goal was to characterize the aerosols of this sub-Arctic area which frequently transporte to the Arctic region. The ambient light-scattering coefficient, σs(550 nm), at ALOMAR had a hourly mean value of 5.412 Mm−1 (StD = 3.545 Mm−1) and the light-absorption coefficient, σa(550 nm), had an hourly mean value of 0.400 Mm−1 (StD = 0.273 Mm−1). The scattering/absorption Ångström exponents, αs,a, are used for detailed analysis of the variations of the spectral shape of σs,a. The single scattering albedo, &amp;omega0, ranges from 0.622 to 0.985 (mean = 0.913, StD = 0.052) and the relation of this property to the absorption/scattering coefficients and the Ångström exponents is presented. The relationships between all the parameters analyzed, mainly those related to the single scattering albedo, allow us to describe the local atmosphere as extremely clean.

scholarly journals IASI carbon monoxide validation over the Arctic during POLARCAT spring and summer campaigns

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 10655-10678 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pommier ◽  
K. S. Law ◽  
C. Clerbaux ◽  
S. Turquety ◽  
D. Hurtmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
International Polar ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. In this paper, we provide a detailed comparison between carbon monoxide (CO) data measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)/MetOp and aircraft observations over the Arctic. The CO measurements were obtained during North American (NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC) and European campaigns (POLARCAT-France, POLARCAT-GRACE and YAK-AEROSIB) as part of the International Polar Year (IPY) POLARCAT activity in spring and summer 2008. During the campaigns different air masses were sampled including clean air, polluted plumes originating from anthropogenic sources in Europe, Asia and North America, and forest fire plumes originating from Siberia and Canada. The paper illustrates that CO-rich plumes following different transport pathways were well captured by the IASI instrument, in particular due to the high spatial coverage of IASI. The comparison between IASI CO total columns, 0–5 km partial columns and profiles with collocated aircraft data was achieved by taking into account the different sensitivity and geometry of the sounding instruments. A detailed analysis is provided and the agreement is discussed in terms of information content and surface properties at the location of the observations. For profiles, the data were found to be in good agreement in spring with differences lower than 17%, whereas in summer the difference can reach 20% for IASI profiles below 8 km for polluted cases. For total columns the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.15 to 0.74 (from 0.47 to 0.77 for partial columns) in spring and from 0.26 to 0.84 (from 0.66 to 0.88 for partial columns) in summer. A better agreement is seen over the sea in spring (0.73 for total column and 0.78 for partial column) and over the land in summer (0.69 for total columns and 0.81 for partial columns). The IASI vertical sensitivity was better over land than over sea, and better over land than over sea ice and snow allowing a higher potential to detect CO vertical distribution during summer.

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