scholarly journals Differences between ground Dobson, Brewer and satellite TOMS-8, GOME-WFDOAS total ozone observations at Hradec Kralove, Czech

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5839-5865 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vanicek
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ozone Absorption ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Brewer Spectrophotometer ◽  
Ozone Trends ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Observing Systems

Abstract. This paper presents key results achieved on analysis of relation between high-quality simultaneous Dobson, Brewer ground and TOMS-V8, GOME-WFDOAS satellite total ozone observations for Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. Statistically significant seasonal differences with maxima up to 4% of monthly averages have been found between Dobson and Brewer measurements in winter/spring months. These differences can influence estimation of ozone trends if combined data series are used after replacement of the Dobson instrument by the Brewer spectrophotometer. The differences are mostly attributed to the influence of ozone effective temperature on ozone absorption coefficients and to total sulphur dioxide. Similar seasonal differences exist between Dobson, GOME and Brewer, TOMS data sets at Hradec Kralove while Dobson versus TOMS and Brewer versus GOME observations fit well with each other within the instrumental accuracy of spectrophotometers. The above findings are supposed to be relevant to other mid and high latitude stations and they have been confirmed by several independent analyses. The conclusions should be considered by data users because the differences between particular ground and satellite data sets can influence validation of satellite ozone observing systems and analyses of recovery of the ozone layer in mid and high latitudes, among others.

scholarly journals Differences between ground Dobson, Brewer and satellite TOMS-8, GOME-WFDOAS total ozone observations at Hradec Kralove, Czech

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5163-5171 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vanicek
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ozone Absorption ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Brewer Spectrophotometer ◽  
Ozone Trends ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Observing Systems

Abstract. This paper presents key results achieved by an analysis of the relation between high-quality simultaneous Dobson, Brewer ground and TOMS-V8, GOME-WFDOAS satellite total ozone observations for Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. Statistically significant seasonal differences with maxima up to 4% of monthly averages have been found between Dobson and Brewer measurements during the winter/spring months. These differences can influence estimations of ozone trends if combined data series are used after replacing a Dobson instrument by a Brewer spectrophotometer. The differences can be attributed mostly to the influence of temperature on ozone absorption coefficients and to total sulphur dioxide. Similar seasonal differences exist between Dobson, GOME and Brewer, TOMS data sets at Hradec Kralove while Dobson versus TOMS and Brewer versus GOME observations fit well with each other within the instrumental accuracy of spectrophotometers. The above findings are supposed to be relevant to other mid and high latitude stations and they have been confirmed by several independent analyses. The conclusions should be considered by data users because the differences between particular ground and satellite data sets can influence validation of satellite ozone observing systems and analyses of recovery of the ozone layer in mid and high latitudes, among others.

scholarly journals Dobson, Brewer, ERA-40 and ERA-Interim original and merged total ozone data sets – evaluation of differences: a case study, Hradec Králové (Czech), 1961–2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vaníček ◽  
L. Metelka ◽  
P. Skřivánková ◽  
M. Staněk
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Missing Measurements ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Ozone Data

Abstract. Homogenized data series of total ozone measurements taken by the regularly and well calibrated Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers at Hradec Králové (Czech) and the data from the re-analyses ERA-40 and ERA-Interim were merged and compared to investigate differences between the particular data sets originated in Central Europe, the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-latitudes. The Dobson-to-Brewer transfer function and the algorithm for approximation of the data from the re-analyses were developed, tested and applied for creation of instrumentally consistent and completed total ozone data series of the 50-yr period 1961–2010 of observations. This correction has reduced the well-known seasonal differences between Dobson and Brewer data below the 1% calibration limit of the spectrophotometers. Incorporation of the ERA-40 and ERA-Interim total ozone data on days with missing measurements significantly improved completeness and reliability of the data series mainly in the first two decades of the period concerned. Consistent behaviour of the original and corrected/merged data sets was found in the pre-ozone-hole period (1961–1985). In the post-Pinatubo (1994–2010) era the data series show seasonal differences that can introduce uncertainty in estimation of ozone recovery mainly in the winter-spring season when the effect of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments is expected. All the data sets confirm substantial depletion of ozone also in the summer months that gives rise to the question about its origin. The merged and completed data series of total ozone will be further analyzed to quantify chemical ozone losses and contribution of natural atmospheric processes to the ozone depletion over the region. This case study points out the importance of selection and evaluation of the quality and consistency of the input data sets used in estimation of long-term ozone changes including recovery of the ozone layer over the selected areas. Data are available from the PANGAEA database at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.779819.

scholarly journals Dobson, Brewer, ERA-40 and ERA-Interim original and assimilated total ozone data sets – evaluation of differences: a case study, Hradec Králové (Czech), 1961–2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 445-473
Author(s):  
K. Vaníček ◽  
L. Metelka ◽  
P. Skřivánková ◽  
M. Staněk
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Missing Measurements ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Ozone Data

Abstract. Homogenized data series of total ozone measurements taken by the regularly and well calibrated Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers at Hradec Králové (Czech) and the data from the re-analyses ERA-40 and ERA-Interim were assimilated and combined to investigate differences between the particular data sets over Central Europe, the NH mid-latitudes. The Dobson-to-Brewer transfer function and the algorithm for approximation of the data from the re-analyses were developed, tested and applied for creation of instrumentally consistent and completed total ozone data series of the 50-yr period 1961–2010 of observations. The assimilation has reduced the well-known seasonal differences between Dobson and Brewer data below the 1% calibration limit of the spectrophotometers. Incorporation of the ERA-40 and ERA-Interim total ozone data on days with missing measurements significantly improved completeness and reliability of the data series mainly in the first two decades of the period concerned. Consistent behaviour of the original and assimilated data sets was found in the pre-ozone-hole period (1961–1985). In the post-Pinatubo (1994–2010) era the data series show seasonal differences that can introduce uncertainty in estimation of ozone recovery mainly in the winter-spring season when the effect of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments is expected. All the data sets confirm substantial depletion of ozone also in the summer months that gives rise to the question about its origin. The assimilated and completed data series of total ozone will be further analyzed to quantify chemical ozone losses and contribution of natural atmospheric processes to the ozone depletion over the region. This case study points out importance of selection and evaluation of the quality and consistency of the input data sets used in estimation of long-term ozone changes including recovery of the ozone layer over the selected areas. Data are available from the PANGAEA database at http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.779819.

Episodic and seasonal rhythms of cortisol secretion in male Eld's deer (Cervus eldi thamin)

1993 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Monfort ◽  
J. L. Brown ◽  
D. E. Wildt
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Seasonal Rhythms

ABSTRACT Episodic and seasonal rhythms of cortisol secretion were evaluated in six adult Eld's deer (Cervus eldi thamin) stags. Plasma cortisol was measured in serial blood samples collected via remote catheterization every 10 min for 10 h within 2 weeks of the summer solstice (21 June), autumn equinox (22 September), winter solstice (21 December) and spring equinox (20 March), and in weekly blood samples collected from sedated stags. Cortisol was secreted episodically at a rate of approximately 0·6 peaks/h. Based on quantitative peak detection analyses of each 10-h data series, no overall seasonal differences (P>0·05) were detected in the number of peaks (mean range, 5·7–6·2), maximal peak height (mean range, 30·1–40·8 nmol/l), mean peak height as per cent increase (mean range, 158–168%), mean interval between peaks (mean range, 80·1–88·6 min), mean peak width (mean range, 55·1–65·1 min) and mean peak area under the curve (mean range, 675–816 nmol/l min). Based on weekly blood sampling, spring cortisol concentrations were elevated (P<0·05) compared with summer and autumn concentrations. However, when mean cortisol concentrations derived from the 10-h quarterly data sets were analysed, no seasonal differences (P>0·05) were detected. The present study represents the first detailed confirmation of episodic cortisol secretion in any cervid. Results (1) indicate that Eld's deer stags lack a distinct seasonal rhythm of cortisol secretion and (2) clearly illustrate the need for frequent blood sampling in fully conscious individuals to ensure accurate assessment of adrenal status in cervids. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 138, 41–49

Total Ozone Trends in the Southern Hemisphere - An Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Ozone Trends

Para solicitação de resumo, entrar em contato com editor-chefe ([email protected]). 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Total Ozone Column from Multiple Satellite Measurements in the Antarctic Using the Brewer Spectrophotometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Songkang Kim ◽  
Sang-Jong Park ◽  
Hana Lee ◽  
Dha Hyun Ahn ◽  
Yeonjin Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Austral Spring ◽  
Total Ozone Column ◽  
Brewer Spectrophotometer ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Ozone Column

The ground-based ozone observation instrument, Brewer spectrophotometer (Brewer), was used to evaluate the quality of the total ozone column (TOC) produced by multiple polar-orbit satellite measurements at three stations in Antarctica (King Sejong, Jang Bogo, and Zhongshan stations). While all satellite TOCs showed high correlations with Brewer TOCs (R = ~0.8 to 0.9), there are some TOC differences among satellite data in austral spring, which is mainly attributed to the bias of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) TOC. The quality of satellite TOCs is consistent between Level 2 and 3 data, implying that “which satellite TOC is used” can induce larger uncertainty than “which spatial resolution is used” for the investigation of the Antarctic TOC pattern. Additionally, the quality of satellite TOC is regionally different (e.g., OMI TOC is a little higher at the King Sejong station, but lower at the Zhongshan station than the Brewer TOC). Thus, it seems necessary to consider the difference of multiple satellite data for better assessing the spatiotemporal pattern of Antarctic TOC.

scholarly journals Lead, zinc, and chromium concentrations in acidic headwater streams in Sweden explained by chemical, climatic, and land-use variations

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4323-4335 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Huser ◽  
J. Fölster ◽  
S. J. Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Term Data

Abstract. Long-term data series (1996–2009) for eleven acidic headwater streams (< 10 km2) in Sweden were analyzed to determine factors controlling concentrations of trace metals. In-stream chemical data as well climatic, flow, and deposition chemistry data were used to develop models predicting concentrations of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Data were initially analyzed using partial least squares to determine a set of variables that could predict metal concentrations across all sites. Organic matter (as absorbance) and iron related positively to Pb and Cr, while pH related negatively to Pb and Zn. Other variables such as conductivity, manganese, and temperature were important as well. Multiple linear regression was then used to determine minimally adequate prediction models which explained an average of 35% (Cr), 52% (Zn), and 72% (Pb) of metal variation across all sites. While models explained at least 50% of variation in the majority of sites for Pb (10) and Zn (8), only three sites met this criterion for Cr. Investigation of variation between site models for each metal revealed geographical (altitude), chemical (sulfate), and land-use (silvaculture) influences on predictive power of the models. Residual analysis revealed seasonal differences in the ability of the models to predict metal concentrations as well. Expected future changes in model variables were applied and results showed the potential for long-term increases (Pb) or decreases (Zn) for trace metal concentrations at these sites.

scholarly journals OPEN URBAN AND FOREST DATASETS FROM A HIGH-PERFORMANCE MOBILE MAPPING BACKPACK – A CONTRIBUTION FOR ADVANCING THE CREATION OF DIGITAL CITY TWINS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B1-2021 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
S. Blaser ◽  
J. Meyer ◽  
S. Nebiker
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Creation

Abstract. With this contribution, we describe and publish two high-quality street-level datasets, captured with a portable high-performance Mobile Mapping System (MMS). The datasets will be freely available for scientific use. Both datasets, from a city centre and a forest represent area-wide street-level reality captures which can be used e.g. for establishing cloud-based frameworks for infrastructure management as well as for smart city and forestry applications. The quality of these data sets has been thoroughly evaluated and demonstrated. For example, georeferencing accuracies in the centimetre range using these datasets in combination with image-based georeferencing have been achieved. Both high-quality multi sensor system street-level datasets are suitable for evaluating and improving methods for multiple tasks related to high-precision 3D reality capture and the creation of digital twins. Potential applications range from localization and georeferencing, dense image matching and 3D reconstruction to combined methods such as simultaneous localization and mapping and structure-from-motion as well as classification and scene interpretation. Our dataset is available online at: https://www.fhnw.ch/habg/bimage-datasets

scholarly journals Nucleotide inhibition of the pancreatic ATP-sensitive K+ channel explored with patch-clamp fluorometry

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G Usher ◽  
Frances M Ashcroft ◽  
Michael C Puljung
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Binding ◽  
Inward Rectifier ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Channel Activity ◽  
Unknown Mechanism ◽  
Apparent Affinity ◽  
Nucleotide Inhibition ◽  
Channel Currents ◽  
Combined Data

Pancreatic ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) comprise four inward rectifier subunits (Kir6.2), each associated with a sulphonylurea receptor (SUR1). ATP/ADP binding to Kir6.2 shuts KATP. Mg-nucleotide binding to SUR1 stimulates KATP. In the absence of Mg2+, SUR1 increases the apparent affinity for nucleotide inhibition at Kir6.2 by an unknown mechanism. We simultaneously measured channel currents and nucleotide binding to Kir6.2. Fits to combined data sets suggest that KATP closes with only one nucleotide molecule bound. A Kir6.2 mutation (C166S) that increases channel activity did not affect nucleotide binding, but greatly perturbed the ability of bound nucleotide to inhibit KATP. Mutations at position K205 in SUR1 affected both nucleotide affinity and the ability of bound nucleotide to inhibit KATP. This suggests a dual role for SUR1 in KATP inhibition, both in directly contributing to nucleotide binding and in stabilising the nucleotide-bound closed state.

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