scholarly journals Integrated method for the measurement of trace nitrogenous atmospheric bases

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 2795-2807 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Key ◽  
J. Stihle ◽  
J.-E. Petit ◽  
C. Bonnet ◽  
L. Depernon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
The Many ◽  
Global Nitrogen Cycle

Abstract. Nitrogenous atmospheric bases are thought to play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle, but their sources, transport, and sinks remain poorly understood. Of the many methods available to measure such compounds in ambient air, few meet the current need of being applicable to the complete range of potential analytes and fewer still are convenient to implement using instrumentation that is standard to most laboratories. In this work, an integrated approach to measuring trace, atmospheric, gaseous nitrogenous bases has been developed and validated. The method uses a simple acid scrubbing step to capture and concentrate the bases as their phosphite salts, which then are derivatized and analyzed using GC/MS and/or LC/MS. The advantages of both techniques in the context of the present measurements are discussed. The approach is sensitive, selective, reproducible, as well as convenient to implement and has been validated for different sampling strategies. The limits of detection for the families of tested compounds are suitable for ambient measurement applications (e.g., methylamine, 1 pptv; ethylamine, 2 pptv; morpholine, 1 pptv; aniline, 1 pptv; hydrazine, 0.1 pptv; methylhydrazine, 2 pptv), as supported by field measurements in an urban park and in the exhaust of on-road vehicles.

scholarly journals Integrated method for the measurement of trace atmospheric bases

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 6007-6040 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Key ◽  
J. Stihle ◽  
J.-E. Petit ◽  
C. Bonnet ◽  
L. Depernon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
The Many ◽  
Global Nitrogen Cycle

Abstract. Nitrogenous atmospheric bases are thought to play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle, but their sources, transport, and sinks remain poorly understood. Of the many methods available to measure such compounds in ambient air, few meet the current need of being applicable to the complete range of potential analytes and fewer still are convenient to implement using instrumentation that is standard to most laboratories. In this work, an integrated approach to measuring trace atmospheric nitrogenous bases has been developed and validated. The method uses a simple acid scrubbing step to capture and concentrate the bases as their phosphite salts, which then are derivatized and analyzed using GC/MS and/or LC/MS. The advantages of both techniques in the context of the present measurements are discussed. The approach is sensitive, selective, reproducible, as well as convenient to implement and has been validated for different sampling strategies. The limits of detection for the families of tested compounds are suitable for ambient measurement applications, as supported by field measurements in an urban park and in the exhaust of on-road vehicles.

scholarly journals LifePlanning: A Better Retirement Planning Option for Our Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Author(s):  
Rajiv Nagaich ◽  
Carol Redfield ◽  
Ben Harvill
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Care ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Retirement Planning ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Investment Returns ◽  
The Many ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract Ten thousand turn 65 daily. Majority look forward to retiring in the beginning and then become afraid of outcomes they often hear about- dealing with institutional care, becoming a burden, or running out of money. This is not because retirees do not plan, but despite of having planned their entire life for retirement. Many employers provide financial retirement planning such as a 401K plan. Individuals have relied on employee benefit plans to ready themselves, yet few are “very confident” about it. Two-thirds of retirees say their most recent employers did “nothing” to help them transition into retirement; 16% are “not sure” what their employers did. Many may be overlooking important factors in their strategies. Among retirees who currently have a retirement strategy, 85% have factored Social Security and Medicare benefits into their strategy. Most have included on-going living expenses (79%), total savings and income needs (57%) into their plan. Fewer than half have considered other critical factors (e.g., investment returns, ongoing healthcare costs, inflation, long-term care needs, tax planning, etc.). Only 9% have contingency plans for retiring sooner than expected and/or savings shortfalls. The truth is that education offered by employers tends to be traditional planning advice, which may not be enough to address the concerns retirees will have in retirement. To this, we introduce a multi-disciplinary LifePlanning Framework which takes a wholistic, integrated approach in addressing the many complex issues of retirement found in health, housing, finance, legal, and family. Our results may impact future practice, research, and policy.

scholarly journals Applying the SDGs to Cities: Business as Usual or a New Dawn?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Zinkernagel ◽  
James Evans ◽  
Lena Neij
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
The Many ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The City ◽  
Indicator Sets

With growing urbanisation the sustainability of cities has become increasingly important. Although cities have been using indicators for a long time it is only in the last decades that attempts have been made to collate indicators into sets that reflect the many different aspects required to assess the sustainability of a city. The aim of this paper is to review the evolution of indicators for monitoring sustainable urban development in order to understand how ‘new’ the indicators suggested by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are for cities and the challenges they may face in using them. The review reveals that previous indicator sets emphasised environmental sustainability, health and economic growth. It is also shown that indicator sets that pre-date the SDGs lacked dimensions such as gender equality and reduced inequalities. In all, the SDG indicators provide the possibility of a more balanced and integrated approach to urban sustainability monitoring. At the same time, further research is needed to understand how to adapt the SDGs, targets and indicators to specific urban contexts. Challenges of local application include their large number, their generic characteristics and the need to complement them with specific indicators that are more relevant at the city level.

scholarly journals A novel method for online analysis of gas and particle composition: description and evaluation of a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Lopez-Hilfiker ◽  
C. Mohr ◽  
M. Ehn ◽  
F. Rubach ◽  
E. Kleist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Particle Composition ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Chamber Studies

Abstract. We describe a novel inlet that allows measurement of both gas and particle molecular composition when coupled to mass spectrometric, chromatographic, or optical sensors: the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO). The design goals for the FIGAERO are to allow unperturbed observation of ambient air while simultaneously analyzing gases and collecting particulate matter on a Teflon® (hereafter Teflon) filter via an entirely separate sampling port. The filter is analyzed periodically by the same sensor on hourly or faster timescales using temperature-programmed thermal desorption. We assess the performance of the FIGAERO by coupling it to a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (HRToF-CIMS) in laboratory chamber studies of α-pinene oxidation and field measurements at a boreal forest location. Low instrument backgrounds give detection limits of ppt or lower for compounds in the gas-phase and in the picogram m−3 range for particle phase compounds. The FIGAERO-HRToF-CIMS provides molecular information about both gases and particle composition on the 1 Hz and hourly timescales, respectively for hundreds of compounds. The FIGAERO thermal desorptions are highly reproducible (better than 10%), allowing a calibrated assessment of the effective volatility of desorbing compounds and the role of thermal decomposition during the desorption process. We show that the often multi-modal desorption thermograms arising from secondary organic aerosol (SOA) provide additional insights into molecular composition and/or particle morphology, and exhibit changes with changes in SOA formation or aging pathways.

Urban drainage redefined: from stormwater removal to integrated management

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chocat ◽  
P. Krebs ◽  
J. Marsalek ◽  
W. Rauch ◽  
W. Schilling
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Adaptive Water Management ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
The Many

Even though urban drainage has been practised for more than 5000 years, many challenges arising from growing demands on drainage still remain with respect to runoff quantity and quality; landscape aesthetics, ecology and beneficial uses; and operation of existing urban wastewater systems. Further advances can be achieved by adopting an integrated approach, optimal operation of the existing infrastructure, advanced pollution and runoff source controls, improved resilience of receiving waters, and adaptive water management. The specific research needs include new technologies and strategies for stormwater management, advanced treatment of urban wet-weather effluents, and tools for analysis and operation of drainage systems. High diversity of demands on, and region/site specific conditions of, urban drainage shapes the role of urban drainage experts – as mediators among the many stakeholders and fields involved.

scholarly journals An Efficient PET-MRI Medical Image Fusion based on IHS-NSCT-PCA Integrated Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2073-2079
Keyword(s):  
Structural Data ◽  
Fusion Rule ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Histogram Matching ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Fused Image

Merging of multiple imaging modalities leads to a single image that acquire high information content. These find useful applications in disease diagnosis and treatment planning. IHS-PCA method is a spatial domain approach for fusion that offersfinestvisibility but demands vast memory and it lacks steering information. We propose an integrated approach that incorporates NSCT combined with PCA utilizing IHS space and histogram matching. The fusion algorithm is applied on MRI with PET image and improved functional property was obtained. The IHS transform is a sharpening technique that converts multispectral image from RGB channels to Intensity Hue and Saturation independent values. Histogram matching is performed with intensity values of the two input images. Pathological details in images can be emphasized in multi-scale and multi-directions by using PCA withNSCT. Fusion rule applied is weighted averaging andprincipal components are used for dimensionality reduction. Inverse NSCT and Inverse IHS are performed so as to obtain the fused image in new RGB space. Visual and subjective investigation is compared with existing methods which demonstrate that our proposed technique gives high structural data content with high spatial and spectral resolution compared withearlier methods.

An Integrated Approach With Innovative NDTS for Thermal Barrier Coating Assessment: Optical and Frequency Scanning Eddy Current Testing (F-SECT) Combination With Pulsed Thermography

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Rinaldi ◽  
Letizia de Maria ◽  
Federico Cernuschi ◽  
Giampiero Antonelli
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Current ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Current System ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Pulsed Thermography ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
The Right

The components of the hot gas path in gas turbines can survive to very high temperatures because they are protected by ceramic Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC); the failure of such coatings can dramatically reduce the component life. A reliable assessment of the Coating integrity and/or an Incipient TBC Damage Detection can help both in optimising the inspection intervals and in finding the appropriate remedial actions. In this paper the potential of three different NDT techniques applicable to the metallo/ceramic coatings of hot parts are discussed in the light of both results obtained on laboratory aged specimens and in field measurements on operated components. An investigation of the NDTs capability to detect damage evolution was performed on thermal-cycled specimens coated with TBC (both EB-PVD and pseudocolumnar APS) by means of an F-SECT eddy current system, by an innovative portable Piezospectroscopic system and by pulsed thermography. The observation of metallographic sections of the thermal cycled specimens allowed to give the right interpretation to the results of each NDT methodology and enlightened its specific characteristics and potentiality. Moreover in field applicability is discussed for each technique. Finally it is shown how an integrated approach of suitable coating evolution models and complimentary NDT techniques can provide an interesting assessment of the damage level of the metallo/ceramic coatings of operated rotating blades.

From Buddha to Tagore and Gandhi: Value-Creating Curricula in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Tsunesaburo Makiguchi ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Buddha

It is common practice to use theoretical frameworks developed in the West for education worldwide, but important contributions come as well from non-Western education perspectives that shed light on the emergence of ideas within given regional diasporas. Value creation serves as a valuable lens through which to examine the ideas and relevance of three thinkers from the Indian subcontinent—the Buddha (6th or 5th century bce), Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941), and Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948). The term “value creation” encompasses a Japanese approach to curriculum (based on the work of Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, 1871–1944) that is founded on an interdependent view of life and aimed at developing learners’ capacity to enhance their own existence and contribute to the well-being of others. Using value creation as a lens to examine the contributions of the Buddha, Tagore, and Gandhi can allow for a discourse on the indigenous nature of their respective ideas that are rooted in Eastern philosophies based on similar interdependent worldviews. The emergence of alternative curricular in the Indian diaspora that are based on such interdependent worldviews, offer an integrated approach to education. A value-creating framework can be useful to examine the Indian educational scene and the many attempts that have been made for the individual learner to be the focus of education.

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