Supplementary material to "Significant methane undersaturation during austral summer in the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean)"

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangwang Ye ◽  
Hermann W. Bange ◽  
Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez ◽  
Hailun He ◽  
Yuhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals Zooplankton Distribution and Community Structure in the Pacific and Atlantic Sectors of the Southern Ocean during Austral Summer 2017–18: A Pilot Study Conducted from Ukrainian Long-Liners

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Pakhomov ◽  
Leonid K. Pshenichnov ◽  
Anatoly Krot ◽  
Valery Paramonov ◽  
Ilia Slypko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total Zooplankton ◽  
Zooplankton Dynamics

Preliminary results of the pilot study of the zooplankton in the region between the Ross and Scotia Seas from November 2017 to April 2018 are presented. In total, 53 zooplankton samples were collected in the top 100 m water layer using vertical tows of a 0.1 m2 Juday net from four Ukrainian longliners operating during the Antarctic toothfish fishery. Total zooplankton abundance ranged from 3 to 2836 ind m−3 with a global mean of 360 ± 550 (±1 SD) ind m−3. The highest abundances were recorded at the northeastern Ross Sea. At those stations, small copepods (mainly Oithona spp., Oncaea spp., Ctenocalanus spp. and copepod nauplii) numerically dominated the samples. Total biomass ranged from 0.3 to 85 mg DW m−3 with a mean of 10.9 ± 14.5 mg DW m−3. The highest biomasses were recorded at the eastern Ross Sea, where pelagic tunicates Salpa thompsoni, siphonophores and ctenophora Callianira sp. accounted for >90% of total zooplankton biomass. At other stations, zooplankton biomass generally ranged from 5 to 20 mg DW m−3 with no clear pattern in distribution. The community composition was driven by the sampling latitude and/or season rather than longitudinally. This pilot study emphasized the unique opportunity to investigate zooplankton dynamics in the regions traditionally not sampled during the oceanographic surveys. It also created unprecedented opportunities to increase the seasonal and geographical zooplankton sampling coverage using ships of opportunity at a fraction of a dedicated oceanographic survey costs. The potential of such surveys are enormous in both providing invaluable information, contributing to existing long-term databases and enhancing an international collaboration in the Southern Ocean, particularly in light of recent modeling initiatives of the whole Antarctic system undertaken by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.

Biology of Salpa thompsoni in waters adjacent to the Ross Sea, Southern Ocean, during austral summer 2008

Polar Biology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Pakhomov ◽  
J. Hall ◽  
M. J. M. Williams ◽  
B. P. V. Hunt ◽  
C. J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Austral Summer

scholarly journals Zonally asymmetric phytoplankton response to the Southern annular mode in the marginal sea of the Southern ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Min Noh ◽  
Hyung-Gyu Lim ◽  
Jong-Seong Kug
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Southern Annular Mode ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Annular Mode ◽  
Marginal Sea ◽  
High Latitude Region

AbstractAntarctic marine biological variability modulates climate systems via the biological pump. However, the knowledge of biological response in the Southern Ocean to climate variability still has been lack of understanding owing to limited ocean color data in the high latitude region. We investigated the surface chlorophyll concentration responses to the Southern annular mode (SAM) in the marginal sea of the Southern ocean using satellite observation and reanalysis data focusing on the austral summer. The positive phase of SAM is associated with enhanced and poleward-shifted westerly winds, leading to physical and biogeochemical responses over the Southern ocean. Our result indicates that chlorophyll has strong zonally asymmetric responses to SAM owing to different limiting factors of phytoplankton growth per region. For the positive SAM phase, chlorophyll tends to increase in the western Amundsen–Ross Sea but decreases in the D’Urville Sea. It is suggested that the distinct limiting factors are associated with the seasonal variability of sea ice and upwelling per region.

scholarly journals Significant methane undersaturation during austral summer in the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangwang Ye ◽  
Hermann W. Bange ◽  
Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez ◽  
Hailun He ◽  
Yuhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Surface Mixed Layer ◽  
Ice Melting ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Ch4 Uptake ◽  
A Minor

Abstract. Dissolved methane (CH4) was measured at 9 stations along a transect at 75° S in the Ross Sea during austral summer in January 2020. CH4 undersaturation (mean: 82 ± 20 %) was found in the water column, with a mean air-sea CH4 flux density of −0.58 ± 0.48 μmol m−2 day−1, which suggests that the Ross Sea was a net sink for atmospheric CH4 during the austral summer. Simple box-model calculations revealed that the CH4 depletion should occur in the surface mixed layer because of CH4 oxidation and advection of CH4-poor waters. We propose that freshwater injection caused by sea-ice melting in summer dilutes CH4 concentrations within the surface layer and thus increases its potential for atmospheric CH4 uptake in the Ross Sea. Thus, we argue that both CH4 consumption and sea-ice melting are important drivers of CH4 undersaturation, which implies that the high-latitude area of the Southern Ocean is a sink for atmospheric CH4. We estimated that the Southern Ocean (> 65° S) takes up about 0.02 % of the global CH4 emissions and thus represents a minor sink for atmospheric CH4.

scholarly journals Quantifying Soundscapes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Using Long-Term Autonomous Hydroacoustic Monitoring Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukyoung Yun ◽  
Won Sang Lee ◽  
Robert P. Dziak ◽  
Lauren Roche ◽  
Haruyoshi Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Passive Acoustic

Deployment of long-term, continuously recording passive-acoustic sensors in the ocean can provide insights into sound sources related to ocean dynamics, air–sea interactions, and biologic and human activities, all which contribute to shaping ocean soundscapes. In the polar regions, the changing ocean climate likely contributes to seasonal and long-term variation in cryogenic sounds, adding to the complexity of these soundscapes. The Korea Polar Research Institute and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have jointly operated two arrays of autonomous underwater hydrophones in the Southern Ocean, one in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya (TNBP) during December 2015–January 2019 and the other in the Balleny Islands (BI) region during January 2015–March 2016, to monitor changes in ocean soundscapes. In the BI region, we found distinct seasonal variations in the cryogenic signals that were attributed to collisions and thermal/mechanical fracturing of the surface sea ice. This is consistent with sea-ice patterns due to annual freeze–thaw cycles, which are not clearly observed in TNBP, where frequent blowing out of sea ice by katabatic winds and icequakes from nearby ice shelves generate strong noise even in austral winters. Another advantage of passive acoustic recordings is that they provide opportunities to measure biodiversity from classifying spectral characteristics of marine mammals: we identified 1. Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx; 200–400 Hz), most abundant in the BI region and TNBP in December; 2. Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus; distinctive vocalization at 18 and 27 Hz), strong signals in austral winter and fall in the BI region and TNBP; 3. Fin whales (B. physalus; fundamental frequency in the 15–28 Hz and overtones at 80 and 90 Hz), maximum presence in the BI region during the austral summer and spring months; 4. Antarctic minke whales (B. bonaerensis; 100–200 Hz), strongest signals from June to August in the BI region; 5. Humpback whales in TNBP; 6. Unidentified whales (long-duration downsweeping from 75 to 62 Hz), detected in TNBP. Long-term soundscape monitoring can help understand the spatiotemporal changes in the Southern Ocean and cryosphere and provide a means of assessing the status and trends of biodiversity in the Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area.

scholarly journals Euphausiid community structure and population structure of Euphausia superba off Adélie Land in the Southern Ocean during austral summer 2003, 2005 and 2008

Polar Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ono ◽  
Masato Moteki ◽  
Kazuo Amakasu ◽  
Ryoji Toda ◽  
Naho Horimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Euphausia Superba

Fronts, water masses and heat content variability in the Western Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summer 2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Anilkumar ◽  
Alvarinho J. Luis ◽  
Y.K. Somayajulu ◽  
V. Ramesh Babu ◽  
M.K. Dash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Indian Sector

MPAs in the Southern Ocean under CCAMLR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-107
Author(s):  
Karen N. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
National Jurisdiction

Abstract In 2016, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) designated the largest marine protected area (MPA) in the Ross Sea. Hailed as both a precedent and a prototype for MPAs in both Antarctica and in areas beyond national jurisdiction more generally, it is nevertheless proving challenging to implement. Moreover, further MPAs have yet to be designated in the region although a number are under negotiation. This article will evaluate the contribution made by CCAMLR to the implementation of SDG 14.5 (the conservation of at least 20 per cent of marine and coastal areas by 2020), its relationship to area-based protection under the 1991 Environmental Protocol, and highlight the challenges of establishing MPAs beyond the jurisdiction of states.

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