Copper incorporation in foraminiferal calcite: results from culturing experiments

Abstract. A partition coefficient for copper (DCu) in foraminiferal calcite has been determined by culturing individuals of two benthic species under controlled laboratory conditions. The partition coefficient of a trace element (TE) is an emperically determined relation between the TE/Ca ratio in seawater and the TE/Ca ratio in foraminiferal calcite and has been established for many divalent cations. Despite its potential to act as a tracer of human-induced, heavy metal pollution, data is not yet available for copper. Since partition coefficients are usually a function of multiple factors (seawater temperature, pH, salinity, metabolic activity of the organism, etc.), we chose to analyze calcite from specimens cultured under controlled laboratory conditions. They were subjected to different concentrations of Cu2+ (0.1–20 µmol/l) and constant temperature (10 and 20°C), seawater salinity and pH. We monitored the growth of new calcite in specimens of the temperate, shallow-water foraminifer Ammonia tepida and in the tropical, symbiont-bearing Heterostegina depressa. Newly formed chambers were analyzed for Cu/Ca ratios by laser ablation-ICP-MS. The estimated partition coefficient (0.1–0.4) was constant to within experimental error over a large range of (Cu/Ca)seawater ratios and was remarkably similar for both species. Neither did the presence or absence of symbionts affect the DCu, nor did we find a significant effect of temperature or salinity on Cu-uptake.

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Copper incorporation in foraminiferal calcite: results from culturing experiments

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-4-961-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 961-991 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. J. de Nooijer ◽

G. J. Reichart ◽

A. Dueñas-Bohórquez ◽

M. Wolthers ◽

S. R. Ernst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Partition Coefficient ◽

Divalent Cations ◽

Seawater Temperature ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Benthic Species ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Seawater Salinity ◽

Copper Incorporation ◽

Cu Uptake

Abstract. A partition coefficient for copper (DCu) in foraminiferal calcite has been determined by culturing individuals of two benthic species under controlled laboratory conditions. The partition coefficient of a trace element (TE) is an emperically determined relation between the TE/Ca ratio in seawater and the TE/Ca ratio in foraminiferal calcite and has been established for many divalent cations. Despite its potential to act as a tracer of human-induced, heavy metal pollution, data is not yet available for copper. Since partition coefficients are usually a function of multiple factors (seawater temperature, pH, salinity, metabolic activity of the organism, etc.), we chose to analyze calcite from specimens cultured under controlled laboratory conditions. They were subjected to different concentrations of Cu2+ (0.1–20 µmol/l) and constant temperature (10 and 20°C), seawater salinity and pH. We monitored the growth of new calcite in specimens of the temperate, shallow-water foraminifer Ammonia tepida and in the tropical, symbiont-bearing Heterostegina depressa. Newly formed chambers were analyzed for Cu/Ca ratios by laser ablation-ICP-MS. The calculated partition coefficient (0.1–0.4) was constant to within experimetnal error over a large range of (Cu/Ca)seawater ratios and was remarkably similar for both species. Neither did the presence or absence of symbionts affect the DCu, nor did we find a significant effect of temperature or salinity on Cu-uptake.

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A Comparison of the Metal Content of Some Benthic Species from Coastal Waters of the Florida Panhandle Using High-Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Analysis

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00244-002-2028-z ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 218-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. B. Philp ◽

F. Y. Leung ◽

C. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

High Resolution ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Metal Content ◽

Benthic Species ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Florida Panhandle

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Animal size and seawater temperature, but not pH, influence a repeatable startle response behaviour in a wide-ranging marine mollusc

10.32942/osf.io/5t478 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jeff Clements ◽

Kirti Ramesh ◽

Jacob Nysveen ◽

Sam Dupont ◽

Fredrik Jutfelt

Keyword(s):

Startle Response ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Seawater Temperature ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Short Term ◽

Blue Mussels ◽

Marine Mollusc ◽

Closure Duration ◽

Ecosystem Level ◽

Animal Size

Startle response behaviours are important in predator avoidance and escape for a wide array of animals. For many marine invertebrates, however, startle response behaviours are understudied, and the effects of global change stressors on these responses are unknown. We exposed two size classes of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis × trossulus) to different combinations of temperature (15 and 19 °C) and pH (8.2 and 7.5 pHT) for three months and subsequently measured individual time to open following a tactile predator cue (i.e., startle response time) over a series of four consecutive trials. Time to open was highly repeatable on the short-term and decreased linearly across the four trials. Individuals from the larger size class had a shorter time to open than their smaller-sized counterparts. High temperature increased time to open compared to low temperature, while pH had no effect. These results suggest that bivalve time to open is repeatable, related to relative vulnerability to predation, and affected by temperature. Given that increased closure times impact feeding and respiration, the effect of temperature on closure duration may play a role in the sensitivity to ocean warming in this species and contribute to ecosystem-level effects.

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A novel salinity proxy based on Na incorporation into foraminiferal calcite

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-10-6039-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 6039-6063

Author(s):

J. C. Wit ◽

L. J. de Nooijer ◽

M. Wolthers ◽

G. J. Reichart

Keyword(s):

Laser Ablation ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Benthic Foraminifer ◽

Culture Experiment ◽

Test Size ◽

Lower Salinity ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Seawater Salinity ◽

Temperature Reconstructions ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Salinity and temperature determine seawater density and differences in both thereby control global themohaline circulation. Whereas numerous proxies have been calibrated and applied to reconstruct temperature, a direct and independent proxy for salinity is still missing. Ideally, a new proxy for salinity should target one of the direct constituents of dissolved salt, such as [Na+] or [Cl−]. This study investigates the impact of salinity on foraminiferal Na/Ca values by laser ablation ICP-MS analyzes of specimens of the benthic foraminifer Ammonia tepida cultured at a range of salinities (30.0–38.6). Foraminifera at lower salinities (30.0 and 32.5) added more chambers (10–11) to their test over the course of the experiment than foraminifera cultured under higher salinity (36.1, 7–8 chambers, and 38.6, 6–7 chambers), suggesting that lower salinity promotes growth rates in this species. The Na/Ca of cultured specimens correlates significantly with seawater salinity (Na/Ca = 0.22S − 0.75, R2 = 0.96, p < 0.01) and size. Values for Na/Ca and DNa vary between 5.17 and 9.29 mmol mol−1 and 0.12–0.16 × 10−3, which is similar to inorganic precipitated calcite. The significant correlation between test size and Na/Ca results from co-variation with salinity. This implies that foraminiferal Na/Ca may well be a robust and independent proxy for salinity, enabling independent salinity reconstruction. The quantified effect of salinity on Mg/Ca in our culture experiment, furthermore allows a direct correction for the bias in Mg/Ca based temperature reconstructions caused by differences in salinity.

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