Organic nitrogen in precipitation across Europe

Abstract. Measurements of total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation samples from NitroEurope sites across Europe permit the calculation of organic nitrogen concentrations and wet deposition, by difference. The contribution of organic N to total N in precipitation ranged from only a few % to around 40% across 18 sites from northern Finland to Italy, similar to results from previous individual studies. This paper presents the absolute and relative contributions of organic N to wet N deposition across Europe, and examines seasonal trends. There were only weak correlations with other solutes in precipitation. These simple statistics indicate that sources of organic N in precipitation vary across Europe, and that no single source is responsible. The organic N contributes to total N deposition, yet this input is rarely quantified in nitrogen budgets.

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Organic nitrogen in precipitation across Europe

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-9-8093-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 8093-8109 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. N. Cape ◽

Y. S. Tang ◽

J. González-Benítez ◽

M. Mitošinková ◽

U. Makkonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Nitrogen ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

N Deposition ◽

Organic N ◽

Single Source ◽

Total N ◽

Nitrogen Budgets ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations

Abstract. Measurements of total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation samples from NitroEurope sites across Europe permit the calculation of organic nitrogen concentrations and wet deposition, by difference. The contribution of organic N to total N in precipitation ranged from only a few % to around 40% across sites from Northern Finland to Italy, similar to results from previous individual studies. This paper presents the absolute and relative contributions of organic N to wet N deposition across Europe, and examines seasonal trends. There were only weak correlations with other solutes in precipitation. These simple statistics indicate that sources of organic N in precipitation vary across Europe, and that no single source is responsible. The organic N contributes to total N deposition, yet this input is rarely quantified in nitrogen budgets.

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Rapid determinations of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen in soil leachate using mid-infrared spectroscopy

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2019-0116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 579-583

Author(s):

X.M. Yang ◽

C.F. Drury ◽

W. Xu ◽

M. Reeb ◽

T. Oloya

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Organic N ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Soil Leachate ◽

Total N ◽

Mid Infrared ◽

Mid Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Dissolved Nitrogen

Mid-infrared spectroscopy in the transmission mode was used to predict inorganic nitrogen (N), organic N, and total N in soil leachate. The developed predictions were accurate and robust for total N, NH4+, NO3−, inorganic N (NH4+ + NO3−), and organic N (total N − inorganic N) with high determination coefficients (R2 = 96.7 − 99.0) and residual prediction deviation (RPD = 5.47 − 9.96). The proposed method simultaneously estimates the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen species in soil leachates accurately and with significant savings in time, cost, and chemicals relevant to conventional methods.

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Forest detritus and cycling of nitrogen in a mountain lake

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x91-136 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 990-998 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Robert C. Wissmar

Keyword(s):

Total Nitrogen ◽

Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Mountain Lake ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Microbial Oxidation ◽

Nitrogen Fluxes ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Definition Of

Small lakes of forested watersheds can receive large subsidies of forest matter, but little is known about the material's role in the cycling of nutrients within these ecosystems. This paper examines the influence of detritus and dissolved nitrogen from a forest on the nitrogen cycle of a small subalpine lake in the Cascade Mountains of Washington during the ice-free period (98 days). Relationships between changing detrital microbial biomass, oxygen uptake rates, and water conditions indicate that dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations and water temperatures control the decomposition of the nitrogen-depleted detritus. The microbial respiration rates suggest the probable co-occurrence of several microbial oxidation and reduction reactions that could be cycling nitrogen in oxic–anoxic interfaces of detrital deposits, sediments, and riparian areas. Estimates of nitrogen gains and losses (3 and 7%, respectively) by forest detritus are low in comparison with total nitrogen uptake and releases within the lake during the study period (378 and 347 mg•m−2, respectively) and point to the need to examine other methods for measuring detrital nitrogen fluxes. The total nitrogen input to the lake (2600 mg•m−2 for the study period) from the watershed exceeds the lake output (2120 mg•m−2 for the study period). The low output of total nitrogen appears to be due to retention of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and particulate organic nitrogen within the lake. Most dissolved inorganic nitrogen retained is nitrate suggesting possible losses through denitrification. Dissolved organic nitrogen is the major proportion of the total nitrogen fluxes, but related mass balance errors indicate the need for further definition of both the sources and fates of dissolved organic nitrogen for the ecosystem.

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Dry and wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to a tropical pasture site (Rondônia, Brazil)

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-5-3131-2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 3131-3189 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Trebs ◽

L. L. Lara ◽

L. M. M. Zeri ◽

L. V. Gatti ◽

P. Artaxo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Burning ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Particle Deposition ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

N Deposition ◽

Tropical Pasture ◽

Tropical Ecosystems ◽

Total N ◽

Deposition Fluxes ◽

Dry And Wet Deposition

Abstract. The input of nitrogen (N) to ecosystems has increased dramatically over the past decades. While total N deposition (wet + dry) has been extensively determined in temperate regions, only very few data sets exist about wet N deposition in tropical ecosystems, and moreover, experimental information about dry N deposition in tropical environments is lacking. In this study we estimate dry and wet deposition of inorganic N for a remote pasture site in the Amazon Basin based on in-situ measurements. The measurements covered the late dry (biomass burning) season, a transition period and the onset of the wet season (clean conditions) (12 September to 14 November 2002, LBA-SMOCC). Ammonia (NH3), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous acid (HONO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), ozone (O3), aerosol ammonium (NH4+) and aerosol nitrate (NO3-) were measured in real-time, accompanied by simultaneous (micro-)meteorological measurements. Dry deposition fluxes of NO2 and HNO3 are inferred using the ''big leaf multiple resistance approach'' and particle deposition fluxes are derived using an established empirical parameterization. Bi-directional surface-atmosphere exchange fluxes of NH3 and HONO are estimated by applying a ''canopy compensation point model''. Dry and wet N deposition is dominated by NH3 and NH4+, which is largely the consequence of biomass burning during the dry season. The grass surface appeared to have a strong potential for daytime NH3 (re-)emission, owing to high canopy compensation points, which are related to high surface temperatures and to direct NH3 emissions from cattle excreta. NO2 also significantly accounted for dry N deposition, whereas HNO3, HONO and N-containing aerosol species were only minor contributors. We estimated a total (dry + wet) N deposition of 7.3–9.8 kgN ha-1 yr-1 to the tropical pasture site, whereof 2–4.5 kgN ha-1 yr-1 are attributed to dry N deposition and ~5.3 kgN ha-1 yr-1 to wet N deposition. Our estimate exceeds total (wet + dry) N deposition to tropical ecosystems predicted by global chemistry and transport models by at least factor of two.

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Organic and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation and in forest throughfall at Bílý Kříž site (Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic)

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/38/2011-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 88-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. Drápelová

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Nitrogen Deposition ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Organic N ◽

Anthropogenic Source ◽

Nitrogen Flux ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Icp Forests

Organic nitrogen is an important but yet not very well explored component of nitrogen deposition. In this study concentrations and fluxes of organic and inorganic nitrogen in bulk precipitation in an open field (BOF) and in throughfall (THR) were evaluated at the Bílý Kříž experimental site (Moravian-Silesian Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic, 908 m a.s.l.) with a young Norway spruce stand. The results of a two-year study (2008 and 2009) were compared with the results obtained during the same time period on forest plots included in ICP Forests Programme in the Czech Republic. Total nitrogen deposition in BOF at the Bílý Kříž site amounted to about 918 mg·m–2·a–1, the contribution of organic nitrogen was about 8%. Total nitrogen flux with THR at Bílý Kříž was about 1,305 mg·m–2·a–1 during the studied years and organic N accounted for 12% of this amount. The ranges of the two-year average values found for total nitrogen flux on ICP Forests plots throughout the Czech Republic were as follows: 759–1,857 mg N·m–2·a–1 with 7–38% contribution of organic N in BOF and 928–3,816 mg N·m–2·a–1 with 7–20% contribution of organic N in THR. The share of organic nitrogen in THR nitrogen fluxes at Bílý Kříž proved clear seasonality with maxima in July. A highly significant correlation between N-NH4+   and N-NO3–   concentrations in BOF suggested the common anthropogenic source of these substances at the Bílý Kříž site. No significant correlation was found either between organic N and N-NH4+ or between organic N and N-NO3– concentrations in BOF. Cumulative deposition charts showed different behaviour of particular nitrogen deposition components while passing through the canopy.

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Wet deposition of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen at five remote stations on the Tibetan Plateau

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-15-17491-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 17491-17526 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. W. Liu ◽

Y. S. Wang ◽

Y. P. Pan ◽

S. L. Piao ◽

Keyword(s):

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Transport Model ◽

Major Ions ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

N Deposition ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Total N

Abstract. Alpine ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau are sensitive to elevated nitrogen (N) deposition, and N wet deposition in this region has shown an increasing trend since the mid-20th century. However, the amount of N wet deposition on the Tibetan remains unclear, due in most part to the lack of direct observations. Using the Tibetan Observation and Research Platform network, we investigated wet deposition of the major ions (NO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) at five remote stations. At Southeast Tibet Station, Nam Co Station, Qomolangma Station, Ngari Station, and Muztagh Ata Station, the NH4+-N wet deposition was 0.63, 0.91, 1.61, 0.36 and 1.25 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively; the NO3−-N wet deposition was 0.28, 0.35, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.3 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively; and the inorganic N deposition was 0.91, 1.26, 1.64, 0.44 and 1.55 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Combining our field observations with previous studies, the average wet deposition of atmospheric NH4+-N, NO3−-N, and inorganic N on the Tibetan Plateau was estimated to be 1.17, 0.58 and 1.75 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The estimated NH4+-N : NO3−-N ratio in precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau was 2 : 1. Compared to the present study, the inorganic N wet deposition for the entire Tibetan Plateau in previous studies, either through atmospheric chemistry transport model simulations or interpolations based on limited observations, has been highly overestimated. To clarify the total N deposition on the Tibetan Plateau, it is necessary to conduct long-term and large-scale monitoring of both wet and dry deposition of N in the future.

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Characteristics of Non-Point Source N Export via Surface Runoff from Sloping Croplands in Northeast China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2302 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 347-353 ◽

pp. 2302-2307 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hong Xiang Wang ◽

Yi Shi ◽

Jian Ma ◽

Cai Yan Lu ◽

Xin Chen

Keyword(s):

Point Source ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Rainfall Amount ◽

Organic N ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Slope Gradient ◽

N Loss ◽

Total N

A field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of non-point source nitrogen (N) in the surface runoff from sloping croplands and the influences of rainfall and cropland slope gradient. The results showed that dissolved total N (DTN) was the major form of N in the runoff, and the proportion occupied by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged from 45% to 85%. The level of NH4+-N was generally higher than the level of NO3--N, and averaged at 2.50 mg·L-1and 1.07 mg·L-1respectively. DIN was positively correlated with DTN (R2=0.962). Dissolved organic N (DON) presented a moderate seasonal change and averaged at 1.40 mg·L-1. Rainfall amount and rainfall intensity significantly affected the components of DTN in the runoff. With the increase of rainfall amount and rainfall intensity, the concentrations of DTN, NH4+-N and NO3--N presented a decreased trend, while the concentration of DON showed an increased trend. N loss went up with an increase in the gradient of sloping cropland, and was less when the duration was longer from the time of N fertilization.fertilization.

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Optimization of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) measurements in aqueous samples with high inorganic nitrogen concentrations

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.025 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 386 (1-3) ◽

pp. 103-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Jeroen Vandenbruwane ◽

Stefaan De Neve ◽

Robert G. Qualls ◽

Joost Salomez ◽

Georges Hofman

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Aqueous Samples ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations

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Inorganic and Organic Losses of Nitrogen from Upland Regions of Britain: Concentrations and Fluxes

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2001.292 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 589-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.J. Chapman ◽

A.C. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

N Deposition ◽

Atmospheric N Deposition ◽

Total N ◽

Inorganic And Organic

The nitrogen (N) composition of streams draining eight upland regions of Britain was compared using monthly samples collected between April 1997 and April 1998. Stream samples were analysed for total N (TN), particulate N (PN), nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Concentrations of TN were small, generally less than 1.5 mg N l�1, were dominated by dissolved forms of N, and varied significantly between regions. NO3 accounted for the majority of variability. Concentrations of DON also varied between regions but to a smaller extent than those of NO3. There were considerable variations in TN fluxes between upland regions, which ranged between 3.8 and 16.1 kg N ha�1 year�1. The majority of the variation was due to NO3 fluxes, which were largest in regions receiving largest inputs of atmospheric N deposition and ranged between 1.4 and 13.5 kg N ha�1 year�1. Fluxes of DON ranged between 1 and 3.5 kg N ha�1 year�1, while fluxes of PN were generally less than 0.5 kg N ha�1 year�11, and NH4 fluxes ranged between 0.1 and 0.4 kg N ha�1 year�11. NO3 was the dominant fraction (47�84%) of N exported from all upland regions except the Highlands, where DON accounted for 52% of the TN flux. This study has shown that the DON fraction is an important component of the total N transported by upland streams in Britain.

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CHANGES IN NATURAL 15N ABUNDANCE ASSOCIATED WITH PEDOGENIC PROCESSES IN SOIL. II. CHANGES ON DIFFERENT SLOPE POSITIONS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss80-039 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 365-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R. E. KARAMANOS ◽

D. A. RENNIE

Keyword(s):

Total Nitrogen ◽

Organic N ◽

Total N ◽

Nitrate N ◽

Ammonium N ◽

Soil Forming Processes ◽

Pedogenic Processes ◽

15N Abundance ◽

Upper Slope

Rather marked variations in δa15N values were obtained in a study carried out on samples taken from four soils belonging to the Weyburn soil association. The δa15N of the total N of well-drained depressional profiles dropped sharply with depth and, in contrast, for upper slope positions was relatively constant to a depth of approximately 5 m. This characteristic enrichment in the heavier isotope of total nitrogen of surface horizons may represent long-term immobilization of partially oxidized ammonium N into the organic N fraction; δa15N of the total N more closely represents past soil-forming processes while that of the nitrate N appears to reflect, in addition, recent N cycle stresses.

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