scholarly journals An improved north–south synchronization of ice core records around the 41 kyr <sup>10</sup>Be peak

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant M. Raisbeck ◽  
Alexandre Cauquoin ◽  
Jean Jouzel ◽  
Amaelle Landais ◽  
Jean-Robert Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Geomagnetic Excursion ◽  
Depth Difference ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Ice Core Records

Abstract. Using new high-resolution 10Be measurements in the NGRIP, EDML and Vostok ice cores, together with previously published data from EDC, we present an improved synchronization between Greenland and Antarctic ice cores during the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion  ∼  41 kyr ago. We estimate the precision of this synchronization to be ±20 years, an order of magnitude better than previous work. We discuss the implications of this new synchronization for making improved estimates of the depth difference between ice and enclosed gas of the same age (Δdepth), difference between age of ice and enclosed gas at the same depth (Δage) in the EDC and EDML ice cores, spectral properties of the 10Be profiles and phasing between Dansgaard–Oeschger-10 (in NGRIP) and AIM-10 (in EDML and EDC).

scholarly journals An improved North-South synchronization of ice core records around the 41 K beryllium 10 peak

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Raisbeck ◽  
A. Cauquoin ◽  
J. Jouzel ◽  
A. Landais ◽  
J.-R. Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Geomagnetic Excursion ◽  
Depth Difference ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Abstract. Using new high resolution 10Be measurements in the NGRIP, EDML and Vostok ice cores, together with previously published data from EDC, we present an improved synchronization between Greenland and Antarctic ice cores during the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion ~ 41 ky ago. We estimate the precision of this synchronization to be ± 20 years, an order of magnitude better than our previous work. We discuss the implications of this new synchronization for making improved estimates of the difference between ice and enclosed gas of the same age (delta depth), difference between age of ice and enclosed gas at the same depth (delta age) in the EDC and EDML ice cores, spectral properties of the 10Be profiles and phasing between Dansgaard/Oeschger-10 (in NGRIP) and AIM-10 (in EDML and EDC).

Tephra in the Greenland Ice cores: Insights into Icelandic volcano-climate impacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imogen Gabriel ◽  
Gill Plunkett ◽  
Peter Abbott ◽  
Bergrún Óladóttir ◽  
Joseph McConnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ice Core Records

&lt;p&gt;Volcanic eruptions are considered as one of the primary natural drivers for changes in the global climate system and understanding the impact of past eruptions on the climate is integral to adopt appropriate responses towards future volcanic eruptions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Greenland ice core records are dominated by Icelandic eruptions, with several volcanic systems (Katla, Hekla, B&amp;#225;r&amp;#240;arbunga-Vei&amp;#240;iv&amp;#246;tn and Grimsv&amp;#246;tn) being highly active throughout the Holocene. A notable period of increased Icelandic volcanic activity occurred between 500-1250 AD and coincided with climatic changes in the North Atlantic region which may have facilitated the Viking settlement of Greenland and Iceland. However, a number of these volcanic events are poorly constrained (duration and magnitude). Consequently, the Greenland ice cores offer the opportunity to reliably reconstruct past Icelandic volcanism (duration, magnitude and frequency) due to their high-resolution, the proximity of Iceland to Greenland and subsequent increased likelihood of volcanic fallout deposits (tephra particles and sulphur aerosols) being preserved. However, both the high frequency of eruptions between 500-1250 AD and the geochemical similarity of Iceland&amp;#8217;s volcanic centres present challenges in making the required robust geochemical correlations between the source volcano and the ice core records and ultimately reliably assessing the climatic-societal impacts of these eruptions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To address this, we use two Greenland ice core records (TUNU2013 and B19) and undertake geochemical analysis on tephra from the volcanic events in the selected time window which have been detected and sampled using novel techniques (insoluble particle peaks and sulphur acidity peaks). Further geochemical analysis of proximal material enables robust correlations to be made between the events in the ice core records and their volcanic centres. The high-resolution of these polar archives provides a precise age for the event and when utilised alongside other proxies (i.e. sulphur aerosols), both the duration and magnitude of these eruptions can be constrained, and the climatic-societal impacts of these eruptions reliably assessed.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Synchronization of ice core records via atmospheric gases

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Blunier ◽  
R. Spahni ◽  
J.-M. Barnola ◽  
J. Chappellaz ◽  
L. Loulergue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Climate Records ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Ice Core Records

Abstract. To interpret new high resolution climate records it becomes more and more important to know about the succession of climate events. Such knowledge is hard to get especially when dealing with different types of climate archives. Even for ice cores a direct synchronization between ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica has not been possible so far due to the lack of time markers occurring in both hemispheres. Fortunately, variations in the time series of global gas records can be used as indirect time markers. Here we discuss in detail the steps that are necessary to synchronize ice cores via global gas records exemplified on the synchronization of the EPICA ice core from Dronning Maud Land to a Greenland record from North GRIP.

scholarly journals Changes in black carbon deposition to Antarctica from two high-resolution ice core records, 1850–2000 AD

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 4107-4115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Bisiaux ◽  
R. Edwards ◽  
J. R. McConnell ◽  
M. A. J. Curran ◽  
T. D. Van Ommen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Continental Hydrology ◽  
Ice Core Records

Abstract. Refractory black carbon aerosols (rBC) emitted by biomass burning (fires) and fossil fuel combustion, affect global climate and atmospheric chemistry. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), rBC is transported in the atmosphere from low- and mid-latitudes to Antarctica and deposited to the polar ice sheet preserving a history of emissions and atmospheric transport. Here, we present two high-resolution Antarctic rBC ice core records drilled from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet divide and Law Dome on the periphery of the East Antarctic ice sheet. Separated by ~3500 km, the records span calendar years 1850–2001 and reflect the rBC distribution over the Indian and Pacific ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean. Concentrations of rBC in the ice cores displayed significant variability at annual to decadal time scales, notably in ENSO-QBO and AAO frequency bands. The delay observed between rBC and ENSO variability suggested that ENSO does not directly affect rBC transport, but rather continental hydrology, subsequent fire regimes, and aerosol emissions. From 1850 to 1950, the two ice core records were uncorrelated but were highly correlated from 1950 to 2002 (cross-correlation coefficient at annual resolution: r = 0.54, p < 0.01) due to a common decrease in rBC variability. The decrease in ice-core rBC from the 1950s to late 1980s displays similarities with inventories of SH rBC grass fires and biofuel emissions, which show reduced emission estimates over that period.

scholarly journals Synchronization of ice core records via atmospheric gases

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Blunier ◽  
R. Spahni ◽  
J.-M. Barnola ◽  
J. Chappellaz ◽  
L. Loulergue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Climate Records ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Ice Core Records

Abstract. To interpret new high resolution climate records it becomes more and more important to know about the succession of climate events. Such knowledge is hard to get especially when dealing with different types of climate archives. Even for ice cores a direct synchronization between ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica has not been possible so far due to the lack of time markers occurring in both hemispheres. Fortunately, variations in the time series of global gas records can be used as indirect time markers. Here we discuss in detail the steps that are necessary to synchronize ice cores via global gas records exemplified on the synchronization of the EPICA ice core from Dronning Maud Land to a Greenland record from North GRIP.

Reconstructing an Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation Index from a Pacific Basin–Wide Collection of Ice Core Records

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 3839-3852
Author(s):  
Stacy E. Porter ◽  
Ellen Mosley-Thompson ◽  
Lonnie G. Thompson ◽  
Aaron B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Pacific Basin ◽  
Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Instrumental Period ◽  
The Tropical Pacific ◽  
Ice Core Records

AbstractUsing an assemblage of four ice cores collected around the Pacific basin, one of the first basinwide histories of Pacific climate variability has been created. This ice core–derived index of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) incorporates ice core records from South America, the Himalayas, the Antarctic Peninsula, and northwestern North America. The reconstructed IPO is annually resolved and dates to 1450 CE. The IPO index compares well with observations during the instrumental period and with paleo-proxy assimilated datasets throughout the entire record, which indicates a robust and temporally stationary IPO signal for the last ~550 years. Paleoclimate reconstructions from the tropical Pacific region vary greatly during the Little Ice Age (LIA), although the reconstructed IPO index in this study suggests that the LIA was primarily defined by a weak, negative IPO phase and hence more La Niña–like conditions. Although the mean state of the tropical Pacific Ocean during the LIA remains uncertain, the reconstructed IPO reveals some interesting dynamical relationships with the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). In the current warm period, a positive (negative) IPO coincides with an expansion (contraction) of the seasonal latitudinal range of the ITCZ. This relationship is not stationary, however, and is virtually absent throughout the LIA, suggesting that external forcing, such as that from volcanoes and/or reduced solar irradiance, could be driving either the ITCZ shifts or the climate dominating the ice core sites used in the IPO reconstruction.

scholarly journals Towards a quasi-complete reconstruction of past atmospheric aerosol load and composition (organic and inorganic) over Europe since 1920 inferred from Alpine ice cores

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1403-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Preunkert ◽  
M. Legrand
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
World War ◽  
Ice Core Records

Abstract. Seasonally resolved chemical ice core records available from the Col du Dôme glacier (4250 m elevation, French Alps), are here used to reconstruct past aerosol load and composition of the free European troposphere from before World War II to present. Available ice core records include inorganic (Na+, Ca2+, NH4+, Cl−, NO3−, and SO42−) and organic (carboxylates, HCHO, humic-like substances, dissolved organic carbon, water-insoluble organic carbon, and black carbon) compounds and fractions that permit reconstructing the key aerosol components and their changes over the past. It is shown that the atmospheric load of submicron aerosol has been increased by a factor of 3 from the 1921–1951 to 1971–1988 years, mainly as a result of a large increase of sulfate (a factor of 5), ammonium and water-soluble organic aerosol (a factor of 3). Thus, not only growing anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide and ammonia have caused the enhancement of the atmospheric aerosol load but also biogenic emissions producing water-soluble organic aerosol. This unexpected change of biospheric source of organic aerosol after 1950 needs to be considered and further investigated in scenarios dealing with climate forcing by atmospheric aerosol.

scholarly journals The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (42) ◽  
pp. 26061-26068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria C. Smith ◽  
Antonio Costa ◽  
Gerardo Aguirre-Díaz ◽  
Dario Pedrazzi ◽  
Andrea Scifo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Ash Layer ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
Climatic Impacts ◽  
Eruption Magnitude

The Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption from Ilopango volcano deposited thick ash over much of El Salvador when it was inhabited by the Maya, and rendered all areas within at least 80 km of the volcano uninhabitable for years to decades after the eruption. Nonetheless, the more widespread environmental and climatic impacts of this large eruption are not well known because the eruption magnitude and date are not well constrained. In this multifaceted study we have resolved the date of the eruption to 431 ± 2 CE by identifying the ash layer in a well-dated, high-resolution Greenland ice-core record that is >7,000 km from Ilopango; and calculated that between 37 and 82 km3of magma was dispersed from an eruption coignimbrite column that rose to ∼45 km by modeling the deposit thickness using state-of-the-art tephra dispersal methods. Sulfate records from an array of ice cores suggest stratospheric injection of 14 ± 2 Tg S associated with the TBJ eruption, exceeding those of the historic eruption of Pinatubo in 1991. Based on these estimates it is likely that the TBJ eruption produced a cooling of around 0.5 °C for a few years after the eruption. The modeled dispersal and higher sulfate concentrations recorded in Antarctic ice cores imply that the cooling would have been more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere. The new date confirms the eruption occurred within the Early Classic phase when Maya expanded across Central America.

scholarly journals Multiradionuclide evidence for an extreme solar proton event around 2,610 B.P. (∼660 BC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (13) ◽  
pp. 5961-5966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschal O’Hare ◽  
Florian Mekhaldi ◽  
Florian Adolphi ◽  
Grant Raisbeck ◽  
Ala Aldahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Solar Proton Event ◽  
Proton Event ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Cosmogenic Radionuclides ◽  
Solar Event ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Recently, it has been confirmed that extreme solar proton events can lead to significantly increased atmospheric production rates of cosmogenic radionuclides. Evidence of such events is recorded in annually resolved natural archives, such as tree rings [carbon-14 (14C)] and ice cores [beryllium-10 (10Be), chlorine-36 (36Cl)]. Here, we show evidence for an extreme solar event around 2,610 years B.P. (∼660 BC) based on high-resolution10Be data from two Greenland ice cores. Our conclusions are supported by modeled14C production rates for the same period. Using existing36Cl ice core data in conjunction with10Be, we further show that this solar event was characterized by a very hard energy spectrum. These results indicate that the 2,610-years B.P. event was an order of magnitude stronger than any solar event recorded during the instrumental period and comparable with the solar proton event of AD 774/775, the largest solar event known to date. The results illustrate the importance of multiple ice core radionuclide measurements for the reliable identification of short-term production rate increases and the assessment of their origins.

scholarly journals Apparent discrepancy of Tibetan ice core <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O records may be attributed to misinterpretation of chronology

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shugui Hou ◽  
Wangbin Zhang ◽  
Hongxi Pang ◽  
Shuang-Ye Wu ◽  
Theo M. Jenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Apparent Discrepancy ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Guliya Ice Core ◽  
Cooling Trend ◽  
Instrumental Period

Abstract. Ice cores from the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are widely used for reconstructing past climatic and environmental conditions that extend beyond the instrumental period. However, challenges in dating and interpreting ice core records often lead to inconsistent results. The Guliya ice core drilled from the northwestern TP suggested a cooling trend during the mid-Holocene based on its decreasing δ18O values, which is not observed in other Tibetan ice cores. Here we present a new high-resolution δ18O record of the Chongce ice cores drilled to bedrock ∼30 km away from the Guliya ice cap. Our record shows a warming trend during the mid-Holocene. Based on our results as well as previously published ice core data, we suggest that the apparent discrepancy between the Holocene δ18O records of the Guliya and the Chongce ice cores may be attributed to a possible misinterpretation of the Guliya ice core chronology.

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