scholarly journals Overland flow characterization under no-tillage in Southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio José Andres Schneider ◽  
Jean Paolo Gomes Minella ◽  
Ana Lucia Londero ◽  
Dinis Deuschle ◽  
Alice Prestes Bisso Dambroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Runoff Plots

<p>No-till is considered an efficient soil and water conservation practice when accompanied by crop species diversification and overland flow control. However, the last twenty years in south Brazil, farmers under no-till abandoned crop diversification and others soil conservation practice. As a consequence, severe erosion process have been observed caused by overland flow. The overland flow has been intensified due to a combination of problems such as soil compaction and poor surface residues. Understanding the formation and propagation of overland flow when the no-till is submitted to different agronomic conditions and practices mechanics as terraces is crucial for the improvement of conservationist agriculture, since many associated problems have caused environmental and economic damage. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of information about the surface runoff processes occurring under no-till, which is essential to define the best water management practices. The objective of this study was to determine parameters related to surface runoff under different conditions of no-till, specifically regarding the amount of biomass, mechanical scarification and presence of terraces. The study was performed at the hillslope scale in southern Brazil characterized by a deep, clay and weathered soil under no-till. Two zero order catchments (2.4ha) and four hillslopes runoff plots (0.5ha) were monitored during natural rainfall from 2014 to 2018. These catchments and runoff plots are paired and have different soil management to test their respective effects on infiltration and overland flow. In the catchments the presence of terraces was evaluated and in the runoff plot the amount of biomass and mechanical scarification was evaluated. Precipitation was measured with pluviographs and overland flow was carried out automatically on H flumes with sensor pressures. A set of 63 rainfall-runoff events were monitored at the outlet of zero order catchments (2,4ha) and 27 events were observed in the along the runoff plots (0.5ha). From these events, we derived information reflecting the influence of mechanical scarification, of terraces and of biomass. The variables derived for each management mode were: Runoff coefficient (RC), Peak water discharge (PWD), Curve Number (CN), Sediment Yield (SY) and apparent infiltration (AI). In catchments, the main results demonstrate a, influence of terraces on overland flow control, where the reduction reached 50% for RC, 12% for CN, and 60% for PWD, and 70% for SSC. Furthermore, infiltration increased by 11%. In runoff plots, the influence of increasing biomass with scarification the reduction was 16% for RC, 5% for CN, 6.3% for PWD and 6% for SSC. In runoff plots, the influence of increasing biomass without scarification the reduction was 27% for RC, 5.4% for CN, 13% for PWD and 81% for SSC. The results demonstrated that the presence of terraces mitigated the overland flow; however, despite the positive effect of amount of biomass and mechanical scarification, its performance is of less impact. This set of original results will provide the data to quantify the impact of different management conditions and will assist the local managers in the planning of conservationist practices adapted to the conditions observed in Southern Brazil.</p>

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of no‐till on runoff in southern Brazil at hillslope and catchment scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L. Londero ◽  
Jean P. G. Minella ◽  
Fabio J. A. Schneider ◽  
Dinis Deuschle ◽  
Danrlei Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Brazil ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of no‐till on sediment yield in southern Brazil at the hillslope and catchment scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Londero ◽  
J. P. G. Minella ◽  
F. J. A. Schneider ◽  
D. Deuschle ◽  
G. H. Merten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Radiological impact of phosphogypsum surface application in a no-till system in Southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1456-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivea Maria Piccolomini Dias ◽  
Eduardo Fávero Caires ◽  
Luiz Fernando Pires ◽  
Márcio Arruda Bacchi ◽  
Elisabete Aparecida de Nadai Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
No Till ◽  
Hpge Detectors ◽  
Radiological Impact ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this work was to determine the impact of phosphogypsum application on 226Ra and 228Ra activities in the soil and on their accumulation in soybean grains. A field experiment was carried out in Paraná state, Brazil, on a loamy Typic Hapludox, under no-till system, with increasing phosphogypsum rates: 4, 8, and 12 Mg ha-1. GammA ray spectrometry was carried out using HPGe detectors with 45 and 10% relative efficiencies, for soybean grains and soil, respectively. No increment of 226Ra and 228Ra activities was observed due to the increase in phosphogypsum rates in the soil, and a small reduction was noticed in the grains. Average values found for 226Ra and 228Ra activities were 37 and 57 Bq kg-1 in the soil and 1.44 and 3.19 Bq kg-1 in soybean grains. The application of phosphogypsum for no-till soybean production is a safe practice regarding the risks of radiation damage to human health

Impact of broad-based terraces on water and sediment losses in no-till (paired zero-order) catchments in southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1159-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L. Londero ◽  
Jean P. G. Minella ◽  
Dinis Deuschle ◽  
Fabio J. A. Schneider ◽  
Madalena Boeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zero Order ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
No Till

No-till surface runoff and soil losses in southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Merten ◽  
A.G. Araújo ◽  
R.C.M. Biscaia ◽  
G.M.C. Barbosa ◽  
O. Conte
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Losses

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ECONOMIC SUPPORT OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
E. V. DMITRIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Security System ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crisis Situations

The article considers topical issues of economic support for the development of the regional security system of the population against various risks. The dependence of the impact of the scale of crisis situations on economic activities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which become a serious barrier to the sustainable development of the regions of the country, was investigated. The increasing importance of risks of economic losses from accidents and disasters at potentially dangerous facilities as a result of the complex influence of natural, manmade and fire factors has been established. An analysis was carried out and proposals were developed to implement the key tasks of the state in the field of ensuring the protection of the population and territories of the country from disasters in order to ensure the stability of the economy. The organizational structure, division of tasks and functions between officials, crisis management structures and responding units were analyzed, taking into account the reduction in current financial costs. On the basis of a study of the peculiarities of the regions of the country, recommendations were formed to fulfill the necessary tasks by the anti-crisis management bodies in the field of reducing economic damage on the basis of preventing crisis situations and ensuring fire safety. It is proposed to organize the practical application of a complex automated security system based on modern developments with the application of improving the qualities and efficiency of anti-crisis management processes in order to increase economic efficiency. Initial data were formed to reduce potential threats of a natural, man-made, fire and other nature in the regions using financial and economic mechanisms. It is proposed to implement a set of priority measures to further improve and increase the potential of economic support for the anti-crisis management system. The materials of the article can be used in planning the main directions of the development of the regional population security system and the implementation of socio-economic development programs.

Modelling of Solute Transfer to Surface Runoff

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1851-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Lai ◽  
K. S. L. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Mixing Depth ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Solute Transfer ◽  
The Media

A mixing-based model for describing solute transfer to overland flow was developed. This model included a time-dependent mixing depth of the top layer and a complete-mixed surface runoff zone. In a series of laboratory experiments, runoff was passed at various velocities and depths over a medium bed. The media were saturated with uniform concentration of potassium chloride solution. Runoff water was sampled at the beginning and end of the flume and the potassium chloride concentration analyzed. Using this model, dimensionless ultimate mixing depth and dimensionless change rate of mixing depth from experimental data were investigated and implemented. The results showed that the Reynolds number and relative roughness are two important factors.

scholarly journals Identifying key processes and sectors in the interaction between climate and socio-economic systems: a review toward integrating Earth–human systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Tachiiri ◽  
Xuanming Su ◽  
Ken’ichi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFor the purpose of identifying the key processes and sectors involved in the interaction between Earth and socio-economic systems, we review existing studies on those processes/sectors through which the climate impacts socio-economic systems, which then in turn affect the climate. For each process/sector, we review the direct physical and ecological impacts and, if available, the impact on the economy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Based on this review, land sector is identified as the process with the most significant impact on GHG emissions, while labor productivity has the largest impact on the gross domestic product (GDP). On the other hand, the energy sector, due to the increase in the demand for cooling, will have increased GHG emissions. Water resources, sea level rise, natural disasters, ecosystem services, and diseases also show the potential to have a significant influence on GHG emissions and GDP, although for most of these, a large effect was reported only by a limited number of studies. As a result, more studies are required to verify their influence in terms of feedbacks to the climate. In addition, although the economic damage arising from migration and conflict is uncertain, they should be treated as potentially damaging processes.

Effect of Tillage Systems on Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Quality in a Purple Paddy Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1190-1194
Author(s):  
Jun Ke Zhang ◽  
Qing Ju Hao ◽  
Chang Sheng Jiang ◽  
Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Field Station ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The impact of conservation tillage practices on carbon sequestration has been of great interest in recent years. This experiment analyzed the organic carbon status of soils sampled at depth increments from 0 to 60 cm after 20 years in a purple paddy soil. The tillage experiment was established in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, located in the farm of Southwest University (30°26′N, 106°26′E), Chongqing. In this paper, five tillage treatments including conventional tillage with rice only system (DP), conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape system (SL), no-till and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LM), no-till and plain culture with rotation of rice and rape system (XM) and tillage and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LF) were selected as research objectives to measure SOC storage and stratification ratio of SOC (CSR). The SOC storage under different tillage systems was calculated based on an equivalent soil mass. The CSR can be used as an indicator of soil quality because surface organic matter is essential to erosion control, water infiltration, and the conservation of nutrients. Results showed that in soil under no-till SOC was concentrated near the surface, while in tilled soil SOC decreased equably with the increase of soil depth. The difference of SOC contents between the five tillage systems was the largest in the top soil and the lowest in the bottom soil. The order of SOC storage was LM (158.52 Mg C•ha-1) >DP (106.74 Mg C•ha-1) >XM (100.11 Mg C•ha-1) >LF (93.11 Mg C•ha-1) >SL (88.59 Mg C•ha-1), LM treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments. The CSR of 0-10/50-60 cm was 2.65, 2.70 and 2.14 under LM, XM and LF treatments, while 1.54 and 1.92 under DP and SL treatments. We considered CSR>2 indicate an improvement in soil quality produced by changing from tillage to no-tillage, as well as changing from plane to ridge. Overall, long-term LM treatment is a valid strategy for increasing SOC storage and improving soil quality in a purple paddy soil in Southwest China.

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