Ground movements associated with thermal water production from the Buda Thermal Karst (Hungary) by PS-InSAR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Békési ◽  
Gyula Grenérczy ◽  
Sándor Frey ◽  
Péter Farkas ◽  
Jan-Diederik van Wees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Fault Structures ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Buda Thermal Karst

<p>Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar has been used worldwide for investigating ground deformation due to subsurface extraction processes. However, in the Central and Eastern European region, no such studies are available so far. We present a case study for the Buda Thermal Karst demonstrating the effectiveness of satellite-based monitoring of the region. Budapest (and the whole territory of Hungary) is well-known from balneology for centuries. Thermal bathes in Budapest mainly utilize water discharging from carbonate reservoirs. Hot springs in the area are commonly located along fault zones controlling the groundwater flow systems. We investigate ground deformation in the vicinity of the Buda Thermal Karst by Persistent Scatterer time series analysis based on Sentinel-1 data for the period of 2014-2018. Results show that surface movements associated with the extraction of thermal water and groundwater recharge and discharge exist. Inverse geodetic modeling based on various deformation sources embedded in an elastic half-space is applied to infer for reservoir processes and properties and fault structures controlling fluid pathways. The modeling results are jointly interpreted with geological and hydrogeological models of the area. The satellite-based monitoring together with the modeling results allow a better understanding of the characteristics of fluid flow systems in the area and the dynamics of geothermal reservoirs under production. Such information can be of high importance for the sustainable production of thermal water in the future.</p>

scholarly journals Finite element analysis of ground deformation due to dike intrusion with applications to Mt. Etna volcano

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Occhipinti Amato ◽  
M. Elia ◽  
A. Bonaccorso ◽  
G. La Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Etna Volcano ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dike Intrusion ◽  
Dislocation Models ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Realistic Topography ◽  
2001 Eruption

A 2D finite elements study was carried out to analyse the effects caused by dike intrusion inside a heterogeneous medium and with a realistic topography of Mt. Etna volcano. Firstly, the method (dimension domain, elements type) was calibrated using plane strain models in elastic half-spaces; the results were compared with those obtained from analytical dislocation models. Then the effects caused both by the topographic variations and the presence of multi-layered medium on the surface, were studied. In particular, an application was then considered to Mt. Etna by taking into account the real topography and the stratification deduced from seismic tomography. In these conditions, the effects expected by the dike, employed to model the 2001 eruption under simple elastic half-space medium conditions, were computed, showing that topography is extremely important, at least in the near field.

Monitoring ground deformation in Beijing, China with persistent scatterer SAR interferometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Hay-Man Ng ◽  
Linlin Ge ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
Kui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Beijing China

scholarly journals Analysis and Classification of Natural and Human-Induced Ground Deformations at Regional Scale (Campania, Italy) Detected by Satellite Synthetic-Aperture Radar Interferometry Archive Datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Matano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Ground Deformations ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Geological Conditions

The high levels of geo-hydrological, seismic, and volcanic hazards in the Campania region prompted full data collection from C-band satellites ERS-1/2, ENVISAT, and RADARSAT within regional (TELLUS) and national (PST-A) projects. The quantitative analysis, interpretation, and classification of natural and human-induced slow-rate ground deformations across a span of two decades (1992–2010) was performed at regional scale (Campania, Italy) by using interferometric archive datasets, based on the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry approach. As radar satellite sensors have a side-looking view, the post-processing of the interferometric datasets allows for the evaluation of two spatial components (vertical and E-W horizontal ones) of ground deformation, while the N-S horizontal component cannot be detected. The ground deformation components have been analyzed across 89.5% of the Campania territory within a variety of environmental, topographical, and geological conditions. The main part (57%) of the regional territory was characterized during 1992–2010 by stable areas, where SAR signals do not have recorded significant horizontal and vertical components of ground deformation with an average annual rate greater than +1 mm/yr or lower than −1 mm/yr. Within the deforming areas, the coastal plains are characterized by widespread and continuous strong subsidence signals due to sediment compaction locally enhanced by human activity, while the inner plain sectors show mainly scattered spots with locally high subsidence in correspondence of urban areas, sinkholes, and groundwater withdrawals. The volcanic sectors show interplaying horizontal and vertical trends due to volcano-tectonic processes, while in the hilly and mountain inner sectors the ground deformation is mainly controlled by large-scale tectonic activity and by local landslide activity. The groundwater-related deformation is the dominant cause of human-caused ground deformation. The results confirm the importance of using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry data for a comprehensive understanding of rates and patterns of recent ground deformation at regional scale also within tectonically active areas as in Campania region.

Estimating Spatiotemporal Ground Deformation With Improved Persistent-Scatterer Radar Interferometry$^\ast$

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 3209-3219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxiang Liu ◽  
Sean M. Buckley ◽  
Xiaoli Ding ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Xiaojun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Persistent Scatterer

scholarly journals Radioactive Merano SPA Treatment for Allergic Rhinitis Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiderio Passali ◽  
Giacomo Gabelli ◽  
Giulio Cesare Passali ◽  
Roberto Magnato ◽  
Stefan Platzgummer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Mometasone Furoate ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Control Group

Allergic rhinitis is a common nasal disorder with a high impact on quality of life, high social costs in therapies, and a natural development towards asthma. Pharmacological therapy is based on several genres of medications, of which intranasal corticosteroids are currently the most widespread. Thermal water treatment has traditionally been used as adjunctive treatment for chronic rhinitis and sinusitis. The present study was carried out to assess the clinical efficacy of nasal inhalation of radioactive oligomineral water vapours from the Merano hot spring and to compare it with the clinical efficacy of mometasone furoate nasal spray. A comparative prospective study was performed in 90 allergic patients treated at Merano hot springs: a group of 54 subjects treated with radioactive thermal oligomineral water and a control group of 36 subjects treated with mometasone nasal spray. Patients of both groups were assessed before and after treatment by Sino-Nasal Outcome Test questionnaire, active anterior rhinomanometry with flow and resistance monitoring, measurement of mucociliary transport time, and cytological examination of nasal brushing/scraping. The study showed that inhalation treatment with radioactive hydrofluoric thermal water for two weeks produces an objective clinical and cytological improvement in allergic patients, similar to that obtained with mometasone furoate nasal spray.

scholarly journals Ground Deformation Revealed by Sentinel-1 MSBAS-InSAR Time-Series over Karamay Oilfield, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengsheng Yang ◽  
Dongxiao Zhang ◽  
Chaoying Zhao ◽  
Bingquan Han ◽  
Ruiqi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Dislocation Model ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Subsurface Fluid ◽  
Safety Assessments ◽  
Gas Fields

Fluid extraction or injection into underground reservoirs may cause ground deformation, manifested as subsidence or uplift. Excessive deformation may threaten the infrastructure of the oilfield and its surroundings and may even induce earthquakes. Therefore, the monitoring of surface deformation caused by oil production activities is important for the safe production of oilfields and safety assessments of surrounding infrastructure. Karamay oilfield is one of the major oil and gas fields in China. In this study, we take the Karamay oilfield in Xinjiang as a case study to detect surface deformation caused by subsurface fluid injection. Sentinel-1A images of 32 ascending (Path 114) and 34 descending (Path 165) tracks spanning March 2017 to August 2018, were used to derive vertical and horizontal deformation over Karamay oilfield using the MSBAS-InSAR method. The observed two-dimensional deformation exhibited significant vertical and east-west deformation in this region. The maximum uplift and horizontal velocity was approximately 160 mm/year and 65 mm/year, respectively. We also modeled one of the typical deformation zones using a dislocation model in a homogenous elastic half-space.

Volcanology and Geothermal Resources: Participation of Landsvirkjun in the EUROVOLC project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asgrimur Gudmundsson ◽  
Sigurdur Markusson ◽  
Freysteinn Sigmundsson ◽  
Gylfi Pall Hersir ◽  
Kristjan Agustsson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Energy Company ◽  
Power Company ◽  
Deep Wells

<p><span>The Krafla power station was built by the Icelandic government 1975 and came under ownership of Landsvirkjun - The National Power Company of Iceland in 1985, and Bjarnarflag power station in Námafjall year later. These were the first steps for Landsvirkjun to generate electricity from geothermal resources in Iceland. Initially the company outsourced all geothermal research and monitoring, but systematically it trained people and hired geothermal experts and developed its own geothermal division. Theistareykir power plant, commissioned in 2017, was the first geothermal construction of Landsvirkjun from start to finish. Development and operation of geothermal fields at an active volcanic environment, such as in Krafla and Theistareykir, creates strong synergy with scientific research interest in volcanology and related branches of earth sciences and engineering. The strong infrastructure and wealth of data created by the energy company has catalysed important research interest and cooperation with scientist and has been a big part of Landsvirkjun´s operation from the beginning. Landsvirkjun makes data available from its databases from geothermal areas in Northeast Iceland within the EUROVOLC project. This is regarded a foundation of a successful industry and science community cooperation. The plan is to keep open source policy for researcher to access Landsvirkjun databases and metadata. Initially the emphasizes is on seismic and ground deformation data (GPS geodetic measurements). Landsvirkjun is running a seismic network consisting of 17 stations in NE-Iceland (http://lv.isor.is/ , in English and Icelandic), operated by Iceland GeoSurvey. Landsvirkjun has installed four continuously operating GPS stations in or near the geothermal areas in North Iceland: one in Theistareykir, two stations in Krafla and one in Bjarnarflag (operated by University of Iceland). In addition, GPS-measurement campaigns have been performed every year in the last decade covering the Krafla area (http://www.icelandsupersite.hi.is/gps/ts/NVZ.html). Borehole logs will be accessible, such as formation temperature and pressure. Also lithological logs (x,y,z) such as resistivity, neutron-neutron and gamma-ray. Interpretation reports of televiewer logs from selected wells will be available. Drill cuttings have been collected during drilling at over 70 deep wells at every two meters interval and lithology figures and cross sections will be available. All chemical data from high-temperature wells, groundwater wells, hot-springs and fumaroles will be available, either by request or through an on-line viewer access directly to Landsvirkjun chemical management system.</span></p>

Static Ground Displacement for an Induced Earthquake Recorded on Broadband Seismometers

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 2216-2224
Author(s):  
Megan Zecevic ◽  
Thomas S. Eyre ◽  
David W. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Ground Deformations ◽  
Micrometer Scale

ABSTRACT Using geodetic methods, significant static ground deformation has been observed for many large natural earthquakes. Some of the largest earthquakes induced by hydraulic-fracturing operations have been observed in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin; however, because of the size and depths of these events, the associated static ground deformations have not yet been observed using traditional geodetic techniques. A seismic processing technique, developed for small volcano-seismic events, has the potential to resolve micrometer-scale static displacements using broadband seismic data. In this study, we test this processing method using vertical component broadband recordings of an Mw 4.1 event acquired at four nearby broadband seismometers. Estimated static displacements at the four stations are compared with the theoretical surface displacement field for a dislocation on a finite rectangular source within a homogeneous, elastic half-space. The theoretical displacements have the same polarities as the measured displacements across the seismic network and have similar amplitudes for three of the four stations. However, one station yielded unstable results, which shows that care must be taken when using this method. These results suggest that this processing method has potential for obtaining surface deformation for small to moderate-sized earthquakes using broadband data.

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