Projection of future direct and indirect impacts of urban expansion on carbon storage: A case study in Hubei, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanping Tang ◽  
Xinli Ke
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

<p>Urban expansion encroaches on natural habitat, which seriously affects carbon storage which plays an important role in global climate change. The projection of future effects of urban expansion on carbon storage have been the subject of attention, previous studies explored its direct impacts but ignored indirect effects: cropland loss caused by urban expansion needs to compensation from natural habitat for food security, which also affects carbon storage. China, as a populated country, is at an important stage of cropland conservation policies reform, rapid urbanization, and constructing of eco-civilization. In this case, it’s vital to figure out the change of carbon storage due to the direct and indirect impacts of urban expansion in the future. Taking Hubei as the study area, the aim of this study is to project both direct impacts (DI) and indirect impacts (II) of urban expansion on carbon storage during 2010–2030. Three scenarios are developed by integrating the current situation and policies: the scenarios where urban continues to expand and the cropland conservation policies are implemented with the priority to cropland in quantity (S<sub>1</sub>), with the priority to cropland in quantity and quality (S<sub>2</sub>), with the priority to cropland in quantity and quality, and ecological protection is also concerned (S<sub>3</sub>). Results show that, the total loss of carbon storage caused by urban expansion will be 1.83Tg•C (DI: 0.95Tg•C; II:0.88Tg•C) under the S<sub>1</sub> scenario, will be 2.15Tg•C (DI: 1.46Tg•C; II:0.69Tg•C) under the S<sub>2</sub> scenario, and will be 1.49Tg•C (DI: 0.94Tg•C; II: 0.55Tg•C) under the S<sub>3</sub> scenario. This indicates that ignoring the indirect impacts of urban expansion on carbon storage will lead to the underestimation of real impacts of urban expansion with 48%, 32%, and 63%, respectively. This study highlights the importance of taking the carbon storage loss caused by the indirect impacts of urban expansion into consideration.</p>

A Novel Indicator for Assessing the Spatial Sustainability of Cities in Developing Countries - A Case Study of Xi’an City

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1335-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Ding ◽  
Shuo Xin Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhou Zhong ◽  
Yu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Ecology ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
The City ◽  
Geographical Dimension

The geographical dimension of urbanization is of major importance in depicting the influences of urbanization on the development of a city, since complex social-ecological systems interact in a multitude of ways at many spatial scales across time. This research introduced an indicator for assessing the spatial sustainability of a city from the perspective of landscape ecology, to provide a reasonable way for quantifying the spatial dynamic of the urban area of a city and how close the pattern of urban expansion close to a ‘compact’ way. A case study has been done in Xi’an. With the application of remote sensing technology, landscape ecology and other necessary software, the spacial sustainability of Xi’an from 1988 to 2010 were calculated, the rapid urbanization in Xi’an has significantly promoted the spatial sustainability of city from 1988 to 2000 and 2006 to 2010, whereas exerted negative effects on the spatial sustainability of the city from 2000 to 2006.

scholarly journals Scenario Analysis on Climate Change Impacts of Urban Land Expansion under Different Urbanization Patterns: A Case Study of Wuhan Metropolitan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Ke ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Caixue Ma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Land Expansion ◽  
The Impact

Urban land expansion plays an important role in climate change. It is significant to select a reasonable urban expansion pattern to mitigate the impact of urban land expansion on the regional climate in the rapid urbanization process. In this paper, taking Wuhan metropolitan as the case study area, and three urbanization patterns scenarios are designed to simulate spatial patterns of urban land expansion in the future using the Partitioned and Asynchronous Cellular Automata Model. Then, simulation results of land use are adjusted and inputted into WRF (Weather Research and Forecast) model to simulate regional climate change. The results show that: (1) warming effect is strongest under centralized urbanization while it is on the opposite under decentralized scenario; (2) the warming effect is stronger and wider in centralized urbanization scenario than in decentralized urbanization scenario; (3) the impact trends of urban land use expansion on precipitation are basically the same under different scenarios; (4) and spatial distribution of rainfall was more concentrated under centralized urbanization scenario, and there is a rainfall center of wider scope, greater intensity. Accordingly, it can be concluded that decentralized urbanization is a reasonable urbanization pattern to mitigate climate change in rapid urbanization period.

scholarly journals Multi-Scenario Simulation for the Consequence of Urban Expansion on Carbon Storage: A Comparative Study in Central Asian Republics

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Yang Chen ◽  
Wenze Yue ◽  
Xue Liu ◽  
Linlin Zhang ◽  
Ye’an Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Central City ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
City Development ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Integrated Valuation

There is growing concern about the consequences of future urban expansion on carbon storage as our planet experiences rapid urbanization. While an increasing body of literature was focused on quantifying the carbon storage impact of future urban expansion across the globe, rare attempts were made from the comparative perspective on the same scale, particularly in Central Asia. In this study, Central Asian capitals, namely Ashkhabad, Bishkek, Dushanbe, Nur Sultan, and Tashkent, were used as cases. According to the potential impacts of BRI (Belt and Road Initiative) on urban expansion, baseline development scenario (BDS), cropland protection scenario (CPS), and ecological protection scenario (EPS) were defined. We then simulated the carbon storage impacts of urban expansion from 2019 to 2029 by using Google Earth Engine, the Future Land Use Simulation model, and the Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs model. We further explored the drivers for carbon storage impacts of future urban expansion in five capitals. The results reveal that Nur Sultan will experience carbon storage growth from 2019 to 2029 under all scenarios, while Ashkhabad, Bishkek, Dushanbe, and Tashkent will show a decreasing tendency. EPS and CPS will preserve the most carbon storage for Nur Sultan and the other four cities, respectively. The negative impact of future urban expansion on carbon storage will be evident in Ashkhabad, Bishkek, Dushanbe, and Tashkent, which will be relatively inapparent in Nur Sultan. The potential drivers for carbon storage consequences of future urban expansion include agricultural development in Bishkek, Dushanbe, and Tashkent, desert city development in Ashkhabad, and prioritized development of the central city and green development in Nur Sultan. We suggest that future urban development strategies for five capitals should be on the basis of differentiated characteristics and drivers for the carbon storage impacts of future urban expansion.

scholarly journals Rebuilding Libya a Bird’s Eye View

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Hailana Ben Ali
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

There are numerous important human activity factors which cause drastic reduction of the population of migratory birds as well as resident birds in the Libyan coastal areas and inner land too. Resulting into the deterioration of the ecosystems which support life, urban health, and simultaneously causes loss of urban heritage and place identity. The urban sprawl has increased significantly over the past few decades as a result of population growth and economic activity. This rapid urbanization seriously invaded agricultural land and natural environment to the extent of endangering rural and urban landscape. In the absence of legislative regulations; this uncontrolled spatial development is threatening wildlife habitat. Therefore, we see how urban expansion has gone out of control in many Libyan cities to an alarming rate surmounting the increase rate of population caused by extensive economic policies. These policies lack an ecological vision of preservation of cultural and natural heritage which would have ensured the realization of healthy ecosystem and a sustained vision towards the future of rebuilding Libya. This paper aims to identify the relationship between built environment and natural habitat for migratory and resident birds. The paper is using archival research methods by drawing together mortality causes from various sources so that human related factors can be placed in perspective with one another and perhaps, eventually, with other mortality factors in future studies. The paper attempts to shed light on the dangers faced by these birds including those inflicted by human activities. Finally, the paper tries to formalise general outlines for presenting safer urban environment for birds in the city. A strategy for green buildings and sustained urban design in order to preserve the fragile natural landscape and the endangered biological diversity in our Libyan cities.

scholarly journals Measuring the Evolution of Urban Resilience Based on the Exposure–Connectedness–Potential (ECP) Approach: A Case Study of Shenyang City, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Xinghua Feng ◽  
Chunliang Xiu ◽  
Jianxin Li ◽  
Yexi Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Shenyang City ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
Adaptive Cycle ◽  
Outer Expansion

Resilience is a new path to express and enhance urban sustainability. Cities suffer from natural shocks and human-made disturbances due to rapid urbanization and global climate change. The construction of an urban resilient developmental environment is restricted by these factors. Strengthening the comprehensive evaluation of resilience is conducive to identifying high-risk areas in cities, guiding regional risk prevention, and providing a scientific basis for differentiated strategies for urban resilience governance. For this study, taking Shenyang city as a case study, the resilience index system was constructed as an ECP (“exposure”, “connectedness”, and “potential”) framework, and the adaptive cycle model was introduced into the resilience assessment framework. This model not only comprehensively considers the relationship between exposure and potential but also helps to focus on the temporal and spatial dynamics of urban resilience. The results show that the exposed indicators have experienced three spatial evolution stages, including single-center circle expansion, multicenter clustering, and multicenter expansion. The potential index increased radially from the downtown area to the outer suburbs, and the low-value area presented a multicenter pattern. The spatial agglomeration of connectivity indicators gradually weakened. The results reflect the fact that the resilience level of the downtown area has been improved and the resilience of the outer expansion area has declined due to urban construction. The multicenter cluster pattern is conducive to the balance of resilience levels. In terms of the adaptive cycle phases of urban resilience, the first ring has gone through three phases: exploitation (r), conservation (K), and release (Ω). The second and third rings have gradually shifted from the exploitation (r) phase to the conservation (K) phase. The fourth ring has entered the exploitation (r) phase from the reorganization (ɑ) phase. The fifth ring and its surrounding areas are in the reorganization (ɑ) phase. The results provide specific spatial guidance for implementing resilient urban planning and realizing sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals Mapping and Characterizing Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Impervious Surfaces Using Landsat Images: A Case Study of Xuzhou, East China from 1995 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Longqian Chen ◽  
Xisheng Zhou ◽  
Yifan Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
East China ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Surface Expansion ◽  
Spectral Mixture

As an effective indicator of urbanization, impervious surfaces play a significant role in urban planning and ecological protection. It is, therefore, important to characterize impervious surfaces in urban geographical studies. As a key city in East China, Xuzhou has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades and is now becoming an environmentally friendly city. To better understand the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of Xuzhou’s urban development, we extracted its impervious surfaces from Landsat images of 1995, 2003, 2010, and 2018 by a linear spectral mixture analysis. Then, a range of complementary methods including landscape indices, profile lines, median centers, standard deviational ellipses, and spatial autocorrelation were adopted to analyze the landscape pattern and expansion of impervious surfaces on both city and district scales. Results show that (1) there was a constant impervious surface expansion, originating in downtown Xuzhou; (2) promoting ecological protection in urban areas fragmented impervious surfaces with increasing heterogeneity and diversity overall; and (3) expansion directions and rates of impervious surfaces varied with district and town, and the central urban area expanded towards east and southeast, which could be related to their own resources and governmental policies. Findings from this study provide useful insights into urban planning of this economically prospective region.

Developing a Low-Carbon Ecological City Planning Model from the Viewpoint of Eco-Region: Case Study of Shenzhen

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Kang Li Wu ◽  
Liang Shan ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yu Meng Shi
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Shenzhen City ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
The Impact

With the impact of global climate change, how should the concept of low-carbon ecological city be implemented in urban planning practice has become a critical issue challenging decision-makers and planners. This issue is particularly important for the fast-growing regions in China which has experienced rapid urbanization and an increase in carbon emission. In view of these problems, this study uses the Shenzhen city, an extremely fast-growing city in China, as an empirical case setting to address this issue. A systematic approach that integrates research methods including literature review, case studies, field survey, and stakeholder-based interviews was employed. Through our research investigation, a comprehensive low-carbon ecological city planning framework was developed. Several selected planning strategies that address the key elements of the framework were also suggested.

scholarly journals Rethinking a sustainable truffle sector under global crises

Erdkunde ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Büntgen ◽  
Tomáš Čejka ◽  
Mirek Trnka ◽  
Paul W. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Global climate change is the main threat for the emerging truffle sector, which already extends across seven key regions in the Americas, Europe, South Africa and Australasia. At the same time, the potential effects of financial crises and global pandemics have not yet been considered in most risk assessments. Here we describe the direct and indirect impacts of the actual coronavirus pandemic on the rising truffle sector. We discuss how COVID-19 affects small family businesses and international enterprises, and if the current harvest decline will have ecological long-term benefits. Furthermore, we question extant cultivation practices, irrigation techniques and trade systems to prepare for a more equitable and sustainable future of the global truffle industry. Despite various foci on one of the most expensive gourmet foods and its associated agroforestry, we expect our reflections to be valuable for many other high-value crops, and a green agriculture in general.

scholarly journals The Effect of Urban-Suburban Interaction on Urbanization and Suburban Ecological Security: A Case Study of Suburban Wuhan, Central China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasi Tian ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Central China ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Land Use Optimization ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

In developing countries like China, urbanization is still occurring at a rapid pace. During urbanization, the urban land expands drastically, which makes suburbs the most affected area facing urban expansion. The land transition has proven to threaten the function and security of ecosystems, and therefore the topics of suburban land transition and ecological security have raised much attention. However, the urban-suburban interaction, which is one of the basic characteristics of suburbs, has been insufficiently considered. The urban-suburban interaction is developed based on the flows of people, materials, and information between urban and suburban areas, and it essentially reveals the relationship between human activities and land-use optimization. To fill the research gap, this study adopts a case study of Wuhan city, and first quantifies the urban-suburban interactions from a symbiotic perspective, and investigates rural residents and public buses to verify the estimated interactions. The results show that there is obvious heterogeneity in urban-suburban interactions in different suburban towns. Correlation analysis and geographic weight regression are then applied to demonstrate the relationship between the urban-suburban interaction and urbanization in the suburbs. Additionally, urbanization potential in the suburbs is estimated. Then, a suburban ecological security assessment is conducted by a “pressure-status-response” (PSR) model, and the urbanization potential that is estimated based on urban-suburban interaction is integrated as a “pressure” indicator. The comparison between the suburban ecological security assessment results based on considering and not considering urban-suburban interaction demonstrates the importance of considering urban-suburban interaction. This study contributes to the understanding of the complicated relationships of urban-suburban socio-economic, spatial, and ecological environments, and offers suggestions for suburban planning and ecological protection.

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