Deglaciation of the Kola Peninsula, Arctic Russia, during the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Boyes ◽  
Lorna Linch ◽  
Danni Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Geomorphological Mapping ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Arctic Russia ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>The glacial history of the Kola Peninsula, northwest Arctic Russia, during the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition (LGIT; c. 18-10 ka) is poorly understood, with some researchers suggesting that the region was glaciated by the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS; e.g. Hughes et al., 2016), and others suggesting that it was glaciated by an independent Ponoy Ice Cap (e.g. Astakhov et al., 2016). Furthermore, it is unclear if and where there was a periodic ice standstill during the Younger Dryas (c. 12.9-11.7 ka) cold stadial. This is the largest sector of Fennoscandia where glaciation is poorly constrained, which stems from low resolution geomorphological mapping, a lack of sedimentary analyses, and limited dating of glacial landforms and deposits on the Kola Peninsula.</p><p>Initial interpretations of geomorphological mapping and sedimentological analyses are presented. High resolution geomorphological mapping has, so far, demonstrated that the Kola Peninsula was glaciated by the FIS, which flowed from the Scandinavian mountains in the west and across the shield terrain of the Kola Peninsula, and not an independent Ponoy Ice Cap, as indicated by the west-east orientation of glacial lineations (e.g. drumlins, crag and tails, mega-scale glacial lineations), moraines, and meltwater channels. Up to four ice streams located in the western Kola Peninsula and the White Sea demonstrated in the glacial lineation record have also been identified. Furthermore, the Younger Dryas margin is proposed to be aligned north-south across the Kola Peninsula, flowing around the Khibiny Mountains, and forming an ice lobe in the White Sea, which is demonstrated by the moraine and meltwater landform assemblage. Moraines and lateral meltwater channels also suggest the Monche-tundra Mountains were exposed as nunataks, and that there were independent cirque and valley glaciers in the Lovozero and Khibiny Mountains at the periphery of the FIS during the Younger Dryas. In addition, glaciotectonised sediments identified in sedimentary analyses indicates the FIS underwent sustained readvances during retreat. This research will provide crucial empirical data for validating numerical model simulations of the FIS, which in turn will further our understanding of (de)glacial dynamics in other Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine regions.</p><p> </p><p>Astakhov, V., Shkatova, V., Zastrozhnov, A. and Chuyko, M. (2016). Glaciomorphological map of the Russian Federation. <em>Quaternary International, 420</em>, pp.4-14.</p><p>Hughes, A.L., Gyllencreutz, R., Lohne, Ø.S., Mangerud, J. and Svendsen, J.I. (2016). The last Eurasian ice sheets - a chronological database and time-slice reconstruction, DATED-1. <em>Boreas, 45</em>(1), pp.1-45.</p>

Fennoscandian Ice Sheet glaciation in northwest Arctic Russia during the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Boyes ◽  
Danni Pearce ◽  
Lorna Linch
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Geomorphological Mapping ◽  
Ice Sheet Dynamics ◽  
Arctic Russia ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>Previous attempts to reconstruct the glacial history of the last Fennoscandian Ice sheet (FIS) in northwest Arctic Russia have resulted in various Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition (c. 20-10 ka) scenarios, suggesting that the Kola Peninsula was glaciated by the FIS, the Ponoy Ice Cap, or the Kara Sea Ice Sheet. The conflicting glacial interpretations have stemmed, in part, from the use of low-resolution geomorphological and geological maps. The advent of high-resolution remotely-sensed imagery warrants a new glacial reconstruction of ice sheet dynamics in northwest Arctic Russia: we therefore present initial glacial interpretations based on new high-resolution geomorphological mapping.</p><p>Geomorphological mapping using high-resolution ArcticDEM and PlanetScope imagery has identified >245,000 glacial landforms, significantly increasing the volume and detail of geomorphological data in the region. Over 66,000 subglacial bedforms (subglacial lineations and subglacial ribs) are used to construct flowsets, which demonstrate that ice flowed from the Scandinavian mountains in the west and across the shield terrain of the Kola Peninsula. Moreover, four possible palaeo-ice streams are identified in the region. Mapping individual moraine hummocks, rather than hummocky moraine spreads as in previous mapping attempts, reveals multiple ice margins across the Kola Peninsula. A noteworthy ~25 km wide belt of hummocky moraines aligned north-south across the Kola Peninsula is tentatively attributed to the Younger Dryas (c. 12.8-11.9 ka) ice marginal zone. The so-called “ring-and-ridge” hummock moraines that are predominantly observed within this ice marginal zone suggest down-wasting and stagnant ice margins. The meltwater landform record also reveals subglacial channel networks along the northern coastline that suggest warm-based conditions of the ice sheet may have been induced by warm currents in the Barents Sea during the last glacial-interglacial transition.</p><p>This research will provide crucial empirical data for validating numerical model simulations of the FIS, which in turn will further our understanding of ice sheet dynamics in other Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine regions.</p>

THE BYZANTINE-ISLAMIC CONFLICT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN, ACCORDING TO PICARD'S OPINION IN HIS BOOK, THE SEA OF THE CALIPHS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-243
Author(s):  
Om Alhana Muhammad Nasr MOHAMMED ◽  
Mabrouka Muhammad Al Ghanay HUSSEIN
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Comparison And Analysis ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Throughout the ages, the Mediterranean was considered a Roman lake, and historians and travelers have always considered it as such, and its name changed for them. Some of them called it the Roman Sea, while others called it the White Sea, and no one would have imagined that this Roman lake that Roman ships sailed in, and after that it was inherited by the Byzantines. It will become an Islamic lake, including Henry Perrin of England, followed by Christophe Picard, author of the book Bahr al-Khulafa '. The importance of this research lies in introducing the author of the book, Bahr al-Khulafa ', and highlighting the underlying reason for adhering to the theory that the Mediterranean is a Roman Sea, while the objectives of the research come to reveal the invalidity of the theory that historians adhere to the West, which says that trade in the Mediterranean will collapse with the entry of Muslims into it. The most prominent results of the research were the finding that Picard is only one of the Orientalists, who despite his presence in the countries of the East and his calls that he is an Arabist, not an Orientalist, was unable to deny the accusation of Muslims of piracy in the Mediterranean. The two researchers adopted the historical narrative approach with comparison and analysis whenever the need arises

II.—On the very Recent and Rapid Elevation of the Highlands of Eastern Asia

1891 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Henry H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Geological Survey ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
The Last Glacial

These opinions of Mr. Campbell, however clearly and precisely stated, are so strong and emphatic, that I wish to confirm them by those of another experienced geologist, who worked much among the Himalayas, namely, General McMahon. In “Notes of a Tour through Hangrang and Spiti,” published in the twelfth volume of the Eecords of the Geological Survey of India, he describes the existing glaciers and their remains in the district, and then says: “I do not know whether any one has ever supposed that the Himalayas were covered during the last Glacial period with an ice-cap, but I may note that whilst I saw nothing to favour such, an idea, I saw much to negative it. The contour of the hills and valleys in those parts of the interior of the Himalayas that I have visited is sharp and angular, and where rounded outlines are seen, they are sufficiently explained by the action of subaeiial forces on comparatively soft and friable rocks.

scholarly journals Timing and structure of the Younger Dryas event and its underlying climate dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23408-23417
Author(s):  
Hai Cheng ◽  
Haiwei Zhang ◽  
Christoph Spötl ◽  
Jonathan Baker ◽  
Ashish Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Last Glacial

The Younger Dryas (YD), arguably the most widely studied millennial-scale extreme climate event, was characterized by diverse hydroclimate shifts globally and severe cooling at high northern latitudes that abruptly punctuated the warming trend from the last glacial to the present interglacial. To date, a precise understanding of its trigger, propagation, and termination remains elusive. Here, we present speleothem oxygen-isotope data that, in concert with other proxy records, allow us to quantify the timing of the YD onset and termination at an unprecedented subcentennial temporal precision across the North Atlantic, Asian Monsoon-Westerlies, and South American Monsoon regions. Our analysis suggests that the onsets of YD in the North Atlantic (12,870 ± 30 B.P.) and the Asian Monsoon-Westerlies region are essentially synchronous within a few decades and lead the onset in Antarctica, implying a north-to-south climate signal propagation via both atmospheric (decadal-time scale) and oceanic (centennial-time scale) processes, similar to the Dansgaard–Oeschger events during the last glacial period. In contrast, the YD termination may have started first in Antarctica at ∼11,900 B.P., or perhaps even earlier in the western tropical Pacific, followed by the North Atlantic between ∼11,700 ± 40 and 11,610 ± 40 B.P. These observations suggest that the initial YD termination might have originated in the Southern Hemisphere and/or the tropical Pacific, indicating a Southern Hemisphere/tropics to North Atlantic–Asian Monsoon-Westerlies directionality of climatic recovery.

Where East Meets West: The Last Stand of Finns and Karelians in Contemporary Karelia?

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Laine
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Lake Onega ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Western Half ◽  
Russian Karelia ◽  
Coastal Strip

The northwestern flank of the Slavic expanse of settlement, the territory of today's Russian Karelia, constitutes an age-old site of Slavic-Baltic-Finnic contact. The Karelians and Vepsians, two Finno-Ugrian groups, are a part of the indigenous population of Karelia. The settlements of the former are found mainly in the western half of the present-day Karelian Republic. The Vepsians live on the southwestern coastal strip of Lake Onega, south of the capital of the republic, Petrozavodsk. Vepsian settlements are also found outside Karelia, in Vologda and Leningrad provinces. For several centuries, the Russians have formed a majority of the inhabitants both near Lake Onega and on the west coast of the White Sea. In contrast to the Karelians, Vepsians and Russians, Finns can be considered newcomers to Karelia.

scholarly journals Problems of the time of foundation and the tectonic evolution of the Onega — Kandalaksha paleorift in the light of the data of isotopic geochronology

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
A. S. Baluev ◽  
S. Yu. Kolodyazhny ◽  
E. N. Terekhov ◽  
V. A. Lebedev ◽  
P. A. Serov
Keyword(s):  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Isotope Method ◽  
Isotopic Geochronology ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Area ◽  
Different Sources

Kandalaksha graben, located in the water-area of the White sea, is a part of the Onega-Kandalaksha paleorift of the Riphean time of foundation. It is filled with the terrigenous formations of the Terskaya suites ranging from 3 to 8 km by depth, while the age of the rocks of the Terskaya suite is still controversial, and according to different sources, ranges from 1300 to 670 Ma. This means that the time of the formation of Kandalaksha Graben is not precisely defined. In 2016, on the Tersky Bank of the Kola Peninsula, a sample of sandstones of the suite was selected. The age of the rock of 1390±25 Ma, i.e. the boundary of the early and middle Riphean, was determined by the K-Ar isotope method.. This corresponds to the time of the beginning of the stretching of the lithosphere and continental rifting. Quartz-microcline metasomatites formed on sand-shale spit of Terskaya suite in the zone of amethyst deposit of Cape Korablik gave the age of 821±170 Ma, determined by Sm-Nd method, and fluorite of the same rocks gave the age of 690±71 Ma. The last value is close to the age of the basalts from the Onega depression, defined by the same method. These data correspond to the momentum of stretching of the passive Timan margin of the Baltic area at the end of the late Riphean.

New evidence for an independent Wisconsin-age ice cap over Newfoundland

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1374-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Early View ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

A reinterpretation of the relative ages of glacial striae in southwestern Newfoundland, and new evidence from erratic till-boulder provenances there, support an early view, since abandoned, that at the last glacial maximum the island supported its own ice cap and was not affected by ice from Labrador.

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