Combined application of manure and mineral fertilizers weakens the impact of manure on soil biochemical properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibin Liu ◽  
Yakov Kuzyakov ◽  
Shengyan Pu ◽  
Bahar Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Soil Biochemical Properties ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
The Impact

<p>Manure application has been considerably emphasized to mitigate global soil degradation and improve soil fertility. Though there have been investigations on the contribution of manure application on soil properties in comparison with mineral fertilization, a comprehensive understanding of manure application on soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and activities of 7 enzymes is yet to be identified. This study extensively quantified the response of soil biochemical properties to manure application based on a meta-analysis of 83 articles including 460 observations with time span from days to years. The impact of explanatory factors (i.e. climatic factors, experimental types, soil properties and manure characteristics) was also elucidated. Manure application increased SOM, TN, MBC and MBN by 27 ± 3% and 41 ± 5.3%, 87 ± 4.3% and 88 ± 6.7 %. Soil C/N ratio did not vary but MBC/MBN ratio decreased after manure application, indicating a shift in microbial community. The activities of β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, urease and sulfatase were also elevated by 150%, 110%, 40%, 110%, 59%, 106% and 221%, respectively. Besides, all soils were neutralized following manure application, suggesting that manure accelerates soil nutrient cycling by adjusting pH to optimum. When mean annual temperature is within the range of 10-20 °C or initial soil pH within 6-8, the highest increase of enzyme activities was revealed. Furthermore, composting manure has stronger impact on soil enzyme activities compared to non-composted manure, which was attributed to beneficial microbial community composition as well as favourable soil organic compound composition in the compost. Contrarily, combined application of manure with mineral fertilizers induces an antagonistic effect and weakens the impact of manure on soil biochemical properties as compared to only manure application. This weakening effect may mitigate the competition between microbes and plant roots for nutrients. In conclusion, necessary differentiation of only manure and manure + chemical fertilizers application is required when developing and modeling the influence of management practices on arable lands.</p>

scholarly journals Cotton Stalk Compost as a Substitution to Farmyard Manure Along with Mineral Fertilizers and Microbials Enhanced Bt Cotton Productivity and Fibre Quality in Rainfed Vertisols

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulandaivelu Velmourougane ◽  
Angamuthu Manikandan ◽  
D. Blaise ◽  
Mageshwaran Vellaichamy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fibre Quality ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cotton stalks, remaining after the cotton is harvested, are considered waste material and disposed of by burning. Presently, the supply of good quality manure, such as farmyard manure (FYM) is low. Thus, recycling of cotton stalks as compost can reduce the dependency on FYM apart from reducing inorganic fertilizer use and soil health enhancement. Some studies have reported on the conversion of cotton ginnery wastes into organic manure. However, no studies have reported about the composting of cotton stalks. We conducted field studies over three years on Vertisols to evaluate the impact of integrated use of microbially enriched cotton stalk compost (ECC) as an alternative to FYM along with mineral fertilizers in cotton production. Additionally, we evaluated an option of using native microbial consortia as seed treatment and their synergistic effect along with ECC application on cotton yield, fibre quality, and soil properties. Results indicated that the substitution of FYM with ECC in integrated nutrient management (INM) produced effects similar to that of FYM use in enhancing cotton yield and soil properties. Application of ECC + inorganic fertilizers (modified nutrient management practice) in soil increased boll numbers (8.4%), boll weight (9.9%), seed cotton yield (13%), fibre properties, soil nutrient, and biological activities, which were on par with FYM + inorganic fertilizer application. The use of ECC is estimated to reduce 50% costs on nitrogenous, phosphatic, and potassic fertilizers, and can save approximately US$ 34 ha− 1 on inorganic and manures in the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and INM practice.

scholarly journals Variations in Soil Properties and Okra Yield as Influenced by Different Types and Forms of Organic Amendments

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
B. O. Adebo ◽  
A. O. Aweto ◽  
K. Ogedengbe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Cost

The overexploitation of agricultural lands have necessitated the use of fertilizers to enhance food production. However, due to the cost and environmental impacts of mineral fertilizers, the utilization of readily available organic wastes as soil amendments have become necessary. The effect of the sole or combined application of yam, cassava and plantain peels on soil properties was evaluated in an on-farm study conducted at Akufo farm settlement, Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with fifteen treatments which consisted of seven amendments (peels of yam (Y), plantain (P), cassava (C), Y+P, Y+C, C+P, Y+C+P) applied in two forms (ground and unground) at a uniform rate of 4 t ha-1 and a control (without amendment). After 3 months of application, the soils were analyzed to determine the effect of the applied treatments on soil properties, after which they were sown to okra. All the amended soils had relatively higher organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and exchangeable bases than the control, but ground treatments performed relatively better than unground ones. Also, irrespective of treatment and form of application, okra yield was considerably improved by the utilized amendments, with ground Y+C recording the highest (14.33 t ha-1). This study showed that the sole or combined use of yam, plantain and cassava peels, either ground as powder or used as mulch, has the potential to improve soil fertility and crop yield and may provide an effective and simple means to utilize organic wastes as soil amendments, especially among poor farmers who cannot afford composting technology.

scholarly journals Impact of mineral fertilizers, growth stimulators, pH regulators, vitamins and pigment supplements on the vitality of entomopathogenic nematodes of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae families

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-329
Author(s):  
T. M. Kolombar ◽  
Y. A. Gugosyan ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reliable Increase

Parasites of agricultural crops cause significant losses of quality and decrease in the profitability of agricultural production. Complex measures against pests are aimed both at termination of parasites and prevention of repeated infection of plants. One of the most progressive ways of protecting plants against harmful insects is the use of entomopathogenic nematodes. This method is most expedient in the conditions of organic arable farming. The results of our study reveal the impact of the fertilizers in various concentrations on the vitality of nematode larvae (L3) of four species (Steinernema feltiae, S. kraussei, S. carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) and the possibility of their combined application for the treatment of plants. Mineral fertilizers and stimulators of growth of plants in 1% concentration insignificantly reduced the vitality of larvae, allowing them to be applied at the same time. We determined the tolerance of invasive larvae to pH for S. carpocapsae equaling рН = 0.9–13.4; optimum values of рН without reliable increase in the mortality during 24 h – рН = 1.3–12.8. Increase in the vitality of larvae (L3) of entomopathogenic nematodes was studied. The survivability of the cultures of larvae increased during the use of solutions of vitamins С, В1, В6, В12. We determined the influence of 21 pigment colourings on larvae (L3), the lowest effect on the vitality of nematode larvae was exerted by pigment bases Abrikos (7.0–10.8% mortality during 24 h), Zolotoi Pesok (6.0–11.8%), Pudra Ananasa (7.7–13.4%), and complex DMAE (7.6–17.4%). The results we obtained allow development of recommendations for agriculturalists for combined use of entomopathogenic nematodes with various substances and also improving the vitality of invasive nematodes.

scholarly journals Do Fire Regime Attributes Affect Soil Biochemical Properties in the Same Way under Different Environmental Conditions?

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Fernández-García ◽  
Elena Marcos ◽  
Otilia Reyes ◽  
Leonor Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Biochemical Properties ◽  
Ecological Variables ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

Global change is altering fire frequency and severity in many regions across the world. In this work, we studied the impact of different frequency and severity regimes on the soil biochemical properties in burned areas with different environmental conditions. We selected three sites dominated by pine ecosystems along a Mediterranean-Transition-Oceanic climatic gradient, where we determined the fire frequency, and severity of the last wildfire. Four years after the last wildfire, we established 184 4 m2 plots. In each plot, we collected a composed soil sample from a 3 cm depth, and measured several ecological variables potentially affected by the fire frequency and severity (cover of bare soil, cover of fine and coarse plant debris, cover of vegetation, and vegetation height). From each soil sample, we analyzed the enzymatic activities corresponding to the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (β-glucosidase, urease, and acid-phosphatase, respectively), and the microbial biomass carbon. The results indicated that fire frequency only played a significant role in soil biochemical properties at the Mediterranean and Transition sites. Specifically, we found that increases in frequency contributed to increased urease and phosphatase activities (at the Transition site), as well as microbial biomass carbon (at the Mediterranean and Transition sites). In relation to burn severity, we found opposite patterns when comparing the Mediterranean and Oceanic sites. Specifically, increased severity significantly decreased β-glucosidase, urease, and microbial biomass carbon at the Mediterranean site, whereas at the Oceanic one, severity significantly increased them. Burn severity also decreased microbial biomass carbon at the Transition site. Our results also indicated that, overall, fire frequency determined the studied ecological variables at the Mediterranean and Transition sites, but clear indirect effects on biochemical properties due to changes in ecological variables were not found. This study adds to the knowledge on the impact of shifts in fire regimes on soils in the current context of change.

scholarly journals Carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio and their stand heterogeneity in the soil of Norway spruce stands

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Valerie Vranová ◽  
Ladislav Holík ◽  
Tomáš Rohlík ◽  
Klement Rejšek ◽  
Pavel Formánek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Soil Biochemical Properties ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Forest Humus

This work is aimed to determine the effect of thinning of young spruce stands in Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mts. on concentrations and relative stand heterogeneity of Cox, Nt and C/N in soil. Concentrations of Cox and Nt were significantly higher in individual horizons of forest humus floor. The thinning did not influence significantly (P > 0.05) concentrations of Cox, Nt and C/N ratio in particular soil horizons, with the exception of C/N ration in E horizon. Relative stand heterogeneity of the studied soil properties was mostly higher in soil of dense forest stand. The values of relative stand heterogeneity for individual horizons ranged from 3.1 to 61.9 % in case of Cox, from 4.9 to 55.2 % for Nt and from 5.3 to 42.5 % for C/N ratio. Results of this work are useful to predict stand heterogeneity of soil biochemical properties which are known to correlate with especially Cox in soil on studied plots, especially soil respiration and enzymatic activities.

Papermill biosolid and hog manure compost affect short-term biological activity and crop yield of a sandy soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lalande ◽  
B. Gagnon ◽  
R. R. Simard
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Papermill Sludge

Soils used for intensive vegetable production often become depleted in their organic matter content, and consequently low in their microbial activity. Papermill sludge compost may be an efficient way to improve the biological activity of these soils. An experiment was initiated to determine the effects of a co-composted papermill sludge and hog manure (PHC), applied alone or in combination with mineral fertilizers (MF), on several biochemical properties and crop yield of a Bevin loamy sand (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol) located at Saint-Ubalde, province of Quebec, Canada. The PHC was applied in the spring of 1997 at rates of 0, 11.5, 23 and 34.5 Mg dry weight ha-1, with and without MF equivalent to 150 N-200 P2O5-200 K2O kg ha-1. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were planted the first year and the residual effect of PHC was evaluated on a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop in 1998. Enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, acid phosphatase, urease and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, microbial biomass C (MBC) and CO2-C release in incubation were measured throughout both growing seasons. Application of 11.5 Mg ha-1 of PHC resulted in the highest enzymatic activities and MBC, representing a mean in crease of respectively 30 and 55% over the control. Addition of MF to PHC resulted in a greater increase in enzyme activities (12–18%) than PHC alone but had little effect on MBC. Generally, enzyme activities and MBC decreased in the second season. The carbon mineralization potential was low, indicating that the composted material was relatively stable. The addition of 11.5 Mg PHC ha-1 produced the highest marketable potato tuber yield with (34 Mg ha-1) or without (27 Mg ha-1) fertilizer supplement, whereas the highest wheat grain yield was obtained with the 23 Mg PHC ha-1 level in the following season. When PHC was added at 11.5 Mg ha-1, it markedly improved soil biochemical properties and potato crop yield whereas the 34.5 Mg ha-1 level was excessive. Key words: Papermill, farm manure, compost, enzyme activity, microbial biomass

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