Papermill biosolid and hog manure compost affect short-term biological activity and crop yield of a sandy soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lalande ◽  
B. Gagnon ◽  
R. R. Simard
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Papermill Sludge

Soils used for intensive vegetable production often become depleted in their organic matter content, and consequently low in their microbial activity. Papermill sludge compost may be an efficient way to improve the biological activity of these soils. An experiment was initiated to determine the effects of a co-composted papermill sludge and hog manure (PHC), applied alone or in combination with mineral fertilizers (MF), on several biochemical properties and crop yield of a Bevin loamy sand (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol) located at Saint-Ubalde, province of Quebec, Canada. The PHC was applied in the spring of 1997 at rates of 0, 11.5, 23 and 34.5 Mg dry weight ha-1, with and without MF equivalent to 150 N-200 P2O5-200 K2O kg ha-1. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were planted the first year and the residual effect of PHC was evaluated on a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop in 1998. Enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, acid phosphatase, urease and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, microbial biomass C (MBC) and CO2-C release in incubation were measured throughout both growing seasons. Application of 11.5 Mg ha-1 of PHC resulted in the highest enzymatic activities and MBC, representing a mean in crease of respectively 30 and 55% over the control. Addition of MF to PHC resulted in a greater increase in enzyme activities (12–18%) than PHC alone but had little effect on MBC. Generally, enzyme activities and MBC decreased in the second season. The carbon mineralization potential was low, indicating that the composted material was relatively stable. The addition of 11.5 Mg PHC ha-1 produced the highest marketable potato tuber yield with (34 Mg ha-1) or without (27 Mg ha-1) fertilizer supplement, whereas the highest wheat grain yield was obtained with the 23 Mg PHC ha-1 level in the following season. When PHC was added at 11.5 Mg ha-1, it markedly improved soil biochemical properties and potato crop yield whereas the 34.5 Mg ha-1 level was excessive. Key words: Papermill, farm manure, compost, enzyme activity, microbial biomass

scholarly journals Early Response of Soil Microbial Biomass and Activity to Biofertilizer Application in Degraded Brunic Arenosol and Abruptic Luvisol of Contrasting Textures

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Anna Walkiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Brzezińska ◽  
Andrzej Bieganowski ◽  
Lidia Sas-Paszt ◽  
Magdalena Frąc
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Reduced Dose

We tested agriculturally and chemically degraded Brunic Arenosol and Abruptic Luvisol of contrasting textures to establish the early response of soil quality to two different mineral fertilizers (Polifoska and urea) amended with microbes applied in optimal and reduced doses. The soil samples were collected from two fields under maize: one week (Ist sampling time) and six months (IInd sampling time) after fertilization. The laboratory experiment included determination of: catalase activity, dehydrogenase activity, microbial biomass, and basal respiration; pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were also measured. The silty Luvisol was characterized by higher biological activity than the sandy Arenosol. Biofertilizer addition to degraded soils increased the biological activity, even in reduced doses of additives used; however the responses of the tested microbiological indicators were different. Soil texture affected the positive biomass response to biofertilizers which was observed in samples from Ist sampling time in silty soil, while from IInd sampling time in sandy soil. Based on our results, we propose that Polifoska with microorganisms (used in full dose) may be optimal for silty soil. Polifoska (in reduced dose) and urea (both in full and reduced dose) may be recommended for sandy soils. Increasing pH was a stronger driver of soil biological activity than DOC. Long-term field testing is suggested for validating our results.

scholarly journals Suppression of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Potting Mixes Amended with Uncomposted and Composted Animal Manures

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Aryantha ◽  
R. Cross ◽  
D. I. Guest
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Animal Manures ◽  
Manure Compost

We examined the effects of fresh and composted animal manures on the development of root rot, dieback, and plant death caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Fresh chicken manure, or chicken manure composted for 5 weeks before incorporation into the potting mix (25%, vol/vol), significantly reduced pathogen survival and the development of symptoms on Lupinus albus seedlings. Chicken manure composted for 2 weeks was less suppressive. Cow, sheep, and horse manure, whether fresh or composted, did not consistently suppress populations of P. cinnamomi or disease symptoms at the rates used (25%, vol/vol). All composts increased organic matter content, total biological activity, and populations of actinomycetes, fluorescent pseudomonads, and fungi. Only chicken manure stimulated endospore-forming bacteria, a factor that was strongly associated with seedling survival. Fallowing the potting mix for an additional 8 weeks after the first harvest increased the survival of lupin seedlings in a second bioassay, with survival rates in chicken manure compost-amended potting mix exceeding 90%. These data suggest that the ability of composted manure to stimulate sustained biological activity, in particular the activity of endospore-forming bacteria, is the key factor in reducing disease symptoms caused by P. cinnamomi. Supporting these results, the survival of rooted cuttings of Thryptomene calycina was significantly higher in sand-peat potting mix following amendment with commercially available chicken manure (15% vol/vol). However, this protection was reduced if the potting mix was steam pasteurized before amendment, indicating that suppression was due to endogenous as well as introduced microbes. Chicken manure compost incorporated at 5% (vol/vol) or more was strongly phytotoxic to young Banksia spinulosa plants and is not suitable as an amendment for phosphorus-sensitive plants.

Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity following liquid hog manure application in a long-term field trial

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lalande ◽  
B. Gagnon ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
D. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Hog Manure

Liquid hog manure (LHM) addition to soils in corn silage (Zea mays L.) production may benefit microbial activity by providing C and other nutrients. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a LHM application to that of inorganic fertilizers (IF) on the biological activity of a Le Bras silt loam soil (Humic Gleysol) under continuous corn production and LHM fertilization. Amounts of 0 to 120 m3 LHM ha−1 and 150 N–150 P2O5–150 K2O kg ha−1 were applied to silage corn. The 0- to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm soil layers were sampled 28 d after the 18th yearly LHM application. The LHM inputs, particularly at 90 m3 ha−1, resulted in higher enzyme activities and microbial biomass C (MBC) than IF or the unamended control in the 0- to 15-cm soil layer. The 90 m3 LHM ha−1 also gave higher microbial biomass N (MBN) than IF in this soil layer. Application of LHM had no effect on the activities of the enzymes studied or on the MBC and MBN contents in the 15- to 30-cm layer. Ammonifier population was highest with 60 m3 LHM ha−1 in both soil layers. Nitrifier population was not affected by LHM in the top soil layer, but was linearly increased by LHM rates in the 15- to 30-cm layer. This study showed that LHM addition may enhance enzyme activities, microbial biomass and the N mineralizer population in the plow layer of a soil in a corn silage monoculture. Key words: Corn, pig slurry, microbial biomass, monoculture, soil enzyme

Combined application of manure and mineral fertilizers weakens the impact of manure on soil biochemical properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibin Liu ◽  
Yakov Kuzyakov ◽  
Shengyan Pu ◽  
Bahar Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Soil Biochemical Properties ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
The Impact

<p>Manure application has been considerably emphasized to mitigate global soil degradation and improve soil fertility. Though there have been investigations on the contribution of manure application on soil properties in comparison with mineral fertilization, a comprehensive understanding of manure application on soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and activities of 7 enzymes is yet to be identified. This study extensively quantified the response of soil biochemical properties to manure application based on a meta-analysis of 83 articles including 460 observations with time span from days to years. The impact of explanatory factors (i.e. climatic factors, experimental types, soil properties and manure characteristics) was also elucidated. Manure application increased SOM, TN, MBC and MBN by 27 ± 3% and 41 ± 5.3%, 87 ± 4.3% and 88 ± 6.7 %. Soil C/N ratio did not vary but MBC/MBN ratio decreased after manure application, indicating a shift in microbial community. The activities of β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, urease and sulfatase were also elevated by 150%, 110%, 40%, 110%, 59%, 106% and 221%, respectively. Besides, all soils were neutralized following manure application, suggesting that manure accelerates soil nutrient cycling by adjusting pH to optimum. When mean annual temperature is within the range of 10-20 °C or initial soil pH within 6-8, the highest increase of enzyme activities was revealed. Furthermore, composting manure has stronger impact on soil enzyme activities compared to non-composted manure, which was attributed to beneficial microbial community composition as well as favourable soil organic compound composition in the compost. Contrarily, combined application of manure with mineral fertilizers induces an antagonistic effect and weakens the impact of manure on soil biochemical properties as compared to only manure application. This weakening effect may mitigate the competition between microbes and plant roots for nutrients. In conclusion, necessary differentiation of only manure and manure + chemical fertilizers application is required when developing and modeling the influence of management practices on arable lands.</p>

scholarly journals Relationships between Soil Crust Development and Soil Properties in the Desert Region of North China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiping Niu ◽  
Kai Yang ◽  
Zejun Tang ◽  
Yitong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
North China ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Crust ◽  
Soil Crusts ◽  
Underlying Soil

This study investigated the effects of soil crust development on the underlying soil properties. The field sampling work was conducted in June 2016 in the Hobq Desert in Inner Mongolia, North China. Soil crust samples and 0–6, 6–12, 12–18, 18–24, 24–30 cm deep underlying soil samples were taken from five representative areas of different soil crust development stages. All samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties including water content, bulk density, aggregate content, organic matter content, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The results showed that the thickness, water content, macroaggregate (>250 μm) content, organic matter content, microbial biomass and enzyme activities of the soil crusts gradually increased along the soil crust development gradient, while the bulk density of the soil crusts decreased. Meanwhile, the physicochemical and biological properties of the soils below the algal and moss crusts were significantly ameliorated when compared with the physical crust. Moreover, the amelioration effects were significant in the upper horizons (approx. 0–12 cm deep) and diminished quickly in the deeper soil layers.

scholarly journals Biological activity of sod-podzolic soils in the long term experiment with different agrotechnical methods

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
N. P. Kovalevskaya ◽  
N. E. Zavyalova ◽  
D. Yu. Sharavin ◽  
D. S. Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Heavy Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

The effect of long-term application of grain-fallow-plow crop rotation with various legume densities, permanent cultivation of winter rye and barley, continuous bare fallow on the ecological and physiological state of the microbial community of sod-podzolic heavy loam soil was investigated. Biological activity indexes of soil microbiocenoses such as potential intensity of СО2 emission, microbial biomass gross respiration rate, metabolic coefficient, nitrogen fixation were assessed. It has been shown that the best humus state of soil and significant increase in the total nitrogen content provides the introduction of organic fertilizer (manure) in the “Crop rotation of 28,6% of legumes”. The ratio of the microbial biomass in sod-podzolic heavy loam soil organic matter varies from 1,50 to 3,24%. Application of mineral fertilizers leads to insignificant decrease in the carbon content of microbial biomass and raising of labile organic carbon. The decrease of metabolic activity in microbial communities has been determined in all variants of long-term study regardless of agrotechnical techniques. It has been established that permanent intensive cultivation of crops either with or without crop rotation leads to stability interference of the Cis-Urals soil microbiocenosis.

EFFECT OF FLY ASH ON CROP YIELD AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, MICROBIAL AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF SODIC SOILS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2433-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kripal Singh ◽  
Vimal Chandra Pandey ◽  
Bajrang Singh ◽  
Dharani D. Patra ◽  
Rana P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Physico Chemical

Effects of Long Term Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Enzymes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2608-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Carmen Elena Melinte (Frunzulica) ◽  
Lavinia Purza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Long term productivity and conservation of soils is critical for sustaining agricultural ecosystems. The specific objective of the work reported was to determine the effects of long term application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil enzyme activity as an index of soil biology and biochemistry. Three key soil enzymes involved in intracellular metabolism of microorganisms and two soil enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism were selected. Actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the 0-20 cm layer of an eroded soil submitted to a complex fertilization experiment. Results showed that addition of mineral fertilizers to organic (green manure and farmyard manure) fertilizers led to a significant increase in each activity because of increased plant biomass production which upon incorporation stimulates soil biological activity. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality calculated from the values of enzymatic activities depending on the kind of fertilizers showed that by the determination of enzymatic activities valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils. A weak positive correlation between enzymatic indicators of soil quality and maize yield was established. The yield data demonstrate the superiority of farmyard manure which provided greater stability in crop production. Substantial improvement in soil biological activity due to application of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers contribute in maintaining the productivity and soil health.

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