Dynamics of the Species Composition of Phytocenoses of Floodplain Mountain Meadows of the Carpathians Subject to Superficial Improvement

The conducted research of various authors has developed a number of measures for surface improvement of meadowland in various soil and climatic conditions. However, studies on the influence of such surface improvement measures as the use of organic and mineral fertilizers and sowing of perennial grasses and legumes in the sod on the dynamics of the species composition of Floodplain Mountain meadows of the Carpathians have not yet been conducted, which confirms the relevance of this study. The article presents the results of three-year studies conducted during 2017-2019 in the peasant farm of V.F. Martyshchuk (the Verkhovinsky District of the Ivano-Frankivsk region) to study the features of transformation of the species composition of natural phytocenoses of floodplain Meadows of the Black Cheremosh river of the mountain and forest belt of the Carpathians under the influence of their surface improvement with the use of organic and mineral fertilizers and sowing of a cereal mixture for haymaking use and Tribolium repens L. for multipurpose use. It was found that floodplain Meadow phytocenoses were mainly cereals and mixed grasses with a share of wild cereals of 57-58% (up to 15 of them % Festuca rubra L. s. str. and 5-6% of low-value ones in feed terms Calamagrostis arundinaceae (L.) Roth and Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv.), mixed grasses – 35-38% and unseeded Fabaceae 5-7%. When applying a set of measures for surface improvement of cereals and mixed grasses, low productive (within 1.95-2.15 t/ha of dry weight) floodplain mountain meadowlands, their species composition improved. For making P30K60 the content of wild plants increased by 2-5% Fabaceae, and N60P30K60 – by 9-10% unseeded Poaceae. For haymaking use, Poaceae with Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. against the background of making N60P30K60 for sowing a mixture in the sod in the spring, their share increased to 74%, and for multi-year use and sowing Trifolium repens L. against the background of making P30K60 the quantity of Fabaceae increased to 44% or by 32%. The highest floral saturation (43 species from 19 families and 93-98% from perennials) was observed in variants without fertilization and with the introduction of P30K60 for multi-year use, which is 4-14 species more compared to haymaking use, or with the introduction of N60P30K60 and or with sowing a mixture of cereals on the background of N60P30K60 for haymaking use, or sowing Trifolium repens L. against the background of P30K60 for multipurpose use

Effect of The Combined Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on The Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea Var.Italica)

The experiment was carried out in the vegetable field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape during the winter agricultural season 2019-2020. The study aimed to investigate the effects of organic fertilization (Tecamine Max) at a concentration of 4 ml.L-1 and chemical fertilization with compound fertilizer N25P5K10 at average of 400 kg.ha-1 and a mixture of the two mentioned fertilizers in different levels. In addition to examine the comparison treatment in the vegetative growth and yield of broccoli. The study included 6 treatments implemented in the field using Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three replications. The results showed that all fertilizing treatments achieved the significant differences compare to control treatment in all studied vegetative growth traits. In general, combination of 100 kg chemical fertilization. ha-1 + 7 ml.L-1 of organic extract (Tecamine Max) showed the best values in both of head weight and the heads yield (459.72 g.plant-1 and 28,732 t. ha-1) respectively.

Land potential of Non-chernozem region, its use and influence on the quality of life in rural areas

The article provides a brief analysis of certain norms of the Russian land legislation in the field of protection and use of land resources for the agricultural production. The authors underline the importance of land management in the organization of work aimed at preserving and protection soil fertility and environment. The main subjects, entrusted with powers to carry out activities on soil fertility preservation have been identified in this paper. It was found that the state actually freed the owners of land plots, land users, landowners and tenants of agricultural lands from the need to finance the measures for the reproduction of land fertility that was an integral part of agricultural technologies in the past. So, since the mid-90s, land management as an institution of development doesn’t exist in Russia anymore. As a result, the removal of nitrogen by crops from the soil exceeded its input with organic and mineral fertilizers, provoking the decrease in soil fertility. The characteristics of the labor and land potential of the subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the Non-Chernozem Economic Zone of the country are considered in this article.

Concentration of Manure on Carica Papaya L Growth

This study aims to assess growth andproduction of solo papaya (Carica papaya L., 2n =18) in Kabupaten Jember and the effect of givinghormones and formula drum fertilizers. separate plotdevice, consisting of 2 factors with 3 levels ofvariation each, was used. Main Factor is a hormonerepresented by gibberellic acid (GA3) and thesynthetic auxin Trichloro acid fenoxi acetate (2-4-5-T). The secondary factor is manure which consistsof organic manure (OF); organic + mineralfertilizers (FOM) and liquid fertilizers (FL). Thistest characterized by 9 maintenance (GA3 + FO,GA3 + FOM (organic and mineral fertilizers), GA +FL (liquid fertilizer); 2-4-5-T + FO, 2-4-5-T +FOM, 2-4-5-T + FL; SH (without hormones) + FO(organic fertilizer); SH + FOM and SH + FL). Thatis done on tropical hydromorphic soil whichcontains a lot of iron with a strong water surface.Every treatment applied to 3 rows of 4 plants.Judging from the research application, thecombination hormone (GA3 + 2-4-5-T) and organicfertilizer + stimulating drum fertilizer formulagrowth and application of hormones (GA3 and 2-4-5-T) in papaya trees may reduce planting -flowering cycle and early setting of fruit

Effect of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on the Accumulation of Total Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the Surface Mass in Cover Crop of Alfalfa

The article examines the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on the accumulation of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the surface mass of alfalfa in the gray-meadow soils, which have long been irrigated and poorly supplied with nutrients in the Karabakh region. issues were commented: Provision of plants with essential nutrients during the growing season, productivity, product quality depends on the availability of easily digestible nutrients in the soil. In order to get high yields from agricultural crops, organic and mineral fertilizers should be applied to the soil every year in accordance with the norms established on the basis of soil cartograms, and cultivation techniques should be properly followed. The optimal diet for alfalfa depends on the optimization of fertilizer rates in different irrigations. The highest amount of total NPK was observed in the first form over the years and decreased in subsequent forms. Each of the formations in the surface mass was high in nitrogen and potassium, and low in phosphorus. In the 2nd and 3rd years of alfalfa condition, the total NPK was higher than in the first year in terms of formats. This is due to the fact that alfalfa increases the amount of nutrients in the soil and soil fertility. It also has a positive effect on the regulation of nutrients in the surface mass of alfalfa.

Effects of Fertilizers on Ground Products and Drying Material Transportation of Nutrition From the Soil

The article presents the results of studying the effect of applying organic and mineral fertilizers on irrigated chestnut soils of the Ganja-Gazakh region to remove nutrients from the soil by grape harvest and dry pruning material. It was found that, along with an increase in yield, organic and mineral fertilizers also influenced an increase in the amount of nutrients removed from the soil. In comparison with the control variant without fertilizing, the amount of grape nitrogen removed by the crop in the experimental variants with fertilizer ranged from 7.7–24.0, phosphorus 1.5–6.3 and potassium 8.0–25.1 kg/ha, and the material of dry pruning is the amount of removed nitrogen is 18.6–46.5, phosphorus is 12.8–31.9, and potassium is 33.8–78.3 kg/ha.

Restoration of fertility of gray forest soil for management of intensive and organic agriculture

The scientific substantiation of the authors on the essence of reproduction of fertility of acid gray forest soils, its types and forms of manifestation, factors of increase and regulation under conditions of intensive and organic agriculture is presented. An in-depth analysis of the amount of humus in loamy soils, a set of agrotechnological measures and patterns aimed at preventing the degradation of acidic gray forest soils and protection of their fertility in the agrocenosis with different technologies for growing crops. The optimal parameters of humus content and reserves and ways to achieve at a consistently high level of basic nutrients in gray forest soils with organic and intensive use are determined. Based on many years of research, the main issues are considered and the effectiveness of action and aftereffects of periodic chemical reclamation in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers is proved, and the effectiveness of one and a half dose of ameliorant for long-term intensive mineral load in agrocenosis is substantiated. The comparative productivity of agrocenosis for III and IV rotation on gray forest soil for organic farming is given.

The Effect Of Organic And Mineral Fertilizers On The Growth And Development Of Cotton

Experiments were conducted on studying the effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on the growth, development and productivity of cotton in saline soils of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. In practice, the annual norm of mineral fertilizer (N250 P175 K125 kg / ha) was reduced by 25% (N185 P130 K90 kg / ha) and an additional 10 and 20 t / ha of organic fertilizer was used. As a result of the experiment, when organic fertilizer was used at the amount of 20 t / ha, and mineral fertilizer was used at the amount of N185 P130 K90 kg / ha the growth, development and productivity of cotton were improved and mineral fertilizer was economized by 25%.

Organic fertilization improves soil aggregation through increases in abundance of eubacteria and products of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

An important goal of sustainable agriculture is to maintain soil quality. Soil aggregation, which can serve as a measure of soil quality, plays an important role in maintaining soil structure, fertility, and stability. The process of soil aggregation can be affected through impacts on biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we tested whether soil management involving application of organic and mineral fertilizers could significantly improve soil aggregation and if variation among differently fertilized soils could be specifically attributed to a particular biotic and/or abiotic soil parameter. In a field experiment within Central Europe, we assessed stability of 1–2 mm soil aggregates together with other parameters of soil samples from differently fertilized soils. Application of compost and digestates increased stability of soil aggregates. Most of the variation in soil aggregation caused by different fertilizers was associated with soil organic carbon lability, occurrence of aromatic functional groups, and variations in abundance of eubacteria, total glomalins, concentrations of total S, N, C, and hot water extractable C. In summary, we have shown that application of compost and digestates improves stability of soil aggregates and that this is accompanied by increased soil fertility, decomposition resistance, and abundance of total glomalins and eubacteria. These probably play significant roles in increasing stability of soil aggregates.

Influence of the optimization of the norms of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield of green mass and indicators of the quality of fodder on stubble crops of mixed crops

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of optimization of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield of green mass and indicators of the quality of forage on stubble crops of mixed cultivated crops on poorly supplied with nutrients gray-meadow soils. The introduction of optimal rates of organic and mineral fertilizers on stubble crops of mixed crops of corn and sorghum increased the yield of green mass. With a yield of green mass of 372 c/ha in the control variant of mixed crops without fertilizers, in the variant of introducing the norm N120P150K150, this figure was 627 c/ha, which is 255 c/ha more in comparison with the control, i.e. by 68 %. It has been found that the introduction of optimal rates of organic and mineral fertilizers on stubble crops of mixed crops of corn and soybeans, along with an increase in the yield of green mass, has a positive effect on its quality indicators. Based on the research results, it was found that to achieve a high yield of green mass of joint crops of corn and soybeans, it is effective to introduce mineral fertilizers at the rate of N120P150K150 and the joint use of organic and mineral fertilizers at the rate of 10 t/ha (manure) + N70P125K90.