ADRON instrument for future missions to Moon and Mars: active neutron and gamma-ray spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Mokrousov ◽  
Dmitriy Golovin ◽  
Igor Mitrofanov ◽  
Alexander Kozyrev ◽  
Maxim Litvak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Neutron Generator ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Pulse Neutron ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Pulse Emission ◽  
Epithermal Neutrons ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Detector Block ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector

<p>The series of ADRON instruments are developed in Russian Space Research Institute (IKI) for Russian Luna-25, Luna-27 and Roscosmos-ESA ExoMars-2022 landers. The main goal of this experiment is studying of elemental composition of planetary sub-surface down to 1 m. Using pulsing neutron generator and observing albedo after-pulse neutron and gamma-ray emission from the soil, one can detect layering stratification of hydrogen and mass fractions of other elements.</p><p>Both instruments consist of two blocks: pulsing neutron generator (PNG) with 14 MeV neutron pulse duration around 1 microsecond, and detector block with neutrons and gamma-ray detectors based on <sup>3</sup>He counters and CeBr<sub>3</sub> (LaBr3) scintillator, respectively. <sup>3</sup>He counters allow to detect thermal and epithermal neutrons, which are the most sensitive to hydrogen in underlying soil, and gamma-ray detector allows to detect nuclear lines at the energy range from 200 keV up to 10 MeV. Readout and digital electronics is designed to minimize the dead-time of signal processing. It allows to accumulate the after-pulse profiles of emission of neutrons and gamma-rays with very good time (from 2 microsecond) and spectral resolutions (about 4 % for 662 keV).</p><p>The results of laboratory measurements and numerical simulations for ADRON units will be presented for post-pulse emission of neutrons and gamma rays from the planetary soil with different water content, elementary composition and layering structure.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Improving the performance of 241Am-Be for PGNAA applications using a proper shielding for neutron source and the NaI detector

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Panjeh ◽  
Hashem Hakimabad ◽  
Lalle Motavalli
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Peak Resolution ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector

The gamma ray spectrum resolution from a 241Am-Be source-based prompt gamma ray activation analysis set-up has been observed to increase in the energy region of interest with enclosing the NaI detector in a proper neutron and gamma ray shield. We have investigated the tact that the peak resolution of prompt gamma rays in the region of interest from the set-up depends on the source activity to the great extent, size and kind of the detector and the geometry of the detector shield. In order to see the role of a detector shield, five kinds of the detector shield were used and finally the proper kind was introduced. Since the detector shield has an important contribution in the reduction of the undesirable and high rate gamma rays coming to the gamma ray detector, a good design of a proper shield enables the elimination of the unwanted events, such as a pulse pile-up. By improving the shielding design, discrete and distinguishable photoelectric peaks in the energy region of interest have been observed in the spectrum of prompt gamma rays.

Measurement Mass Attenuation Coefficient of Palmitic Acid by Using Sources of Gamma Ray

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yahya Hadi ◽  
Ali Hussein F. Alnasraui ◽  
Ali Adil Turki Aldalawi
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radiation Force ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
Effective Atomic Numbers ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector ◽  
Mass Attenuation

The purpose of this paper is to determine the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), of a sample. In this work used (C16H32O2) fatty acid, exposed to gamma rays (γ), emitted from various sources 57Co, 133Ba, 22Na, 137Cs, 54Mn, and sCo with energies from 0.122 to 1.330 MeV. It exposes the compound to gamma rays and discloses the radiation force that passes through the sample, the rest of the gamma radiation attenuated. A NaI fluorescence detector (Tl) with an accuracy of 8.2% (at 662 kV) was used for the gamma ray detector beam. An advantage of using (μ/ρ) coefficient data can be obtained effective atomic numbers, atomic cross-section and effective electron densities.

Determination of mixing ratios for some cascades corresponding to 109Ag

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Bosch ◽  
V. M. Silbergleit ◽  
M. Davidson ◽  
J. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Angular Correlations ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Multichannel Analyzer ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector

An investigation of the gamma–gamma ray angular correlations following the decay of 109Pd was made by using a Ge(Li) semiconductor counter and NaI(Tl) gamma-ray detector. Coincidences measurements at six different angles were made between the 311 keV gamma ray (gated in the movable counter) and 390, 413, 424, 551, and 558 keV gamma rays (displayed in a multichannel analyzer (MCA)). Chance coincidences as well as coincidence background were taken into account. The following spins and mixing ratios were determined: 701 keV level 3/2, δ(390) = 0.19 ± 0.06; 724 keV level 3/2, δ(413) = 0.18 ± 0.05; 735 keV level 5/2, δ(424) = −0.27 ± 0.03; 862 keV level 5/2, δ(551) = −0.28 ± 0.04; 869 keV level 5/2, δ(558) = −0.26 ± 0.05. The result indicates that the anisotropies are consistent with mixing ratios less than 28% in all cases.

scholarly journals Use of gamma rays from the decay of 13.8-sec {sup 11}Be to calibrate a germanium gamma ray detector for measurements up to 8 MeV

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ikeda ◽  
F. Maekawa ◽  
Y. Uno ◽  
Y. Kasugai ◽  
K. Kawade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector

Reply by R. L. Grasty, R. S. Foote, and K. L. Kosanke to W. C. Kellogg

Geophysics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1341-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Grasty ◽  
R. S. Foote ◽  
K. L. Kosanke
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Fixed Field ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector

We agree almost entirely with the points made by Kellogg, but feel his confusion arises mainly through the concept of the “field of view” of a gamma‐ray detector. In fact a gamma‐ray detector does not have a fixed field of view in the optical sense, since it is theoretically possible for gamma rays to be detected from anywhere on the ground. It therefore remains to decide what is the most convenient and useful way to subdivide areas on the ground.

scholarly journals Simulation of the cement measurement based on the pulse DT neutron generator: A Monte Carlo study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252078
Author(s):  
Yadong Gao ◽  
Jiaming Li ◽  
Jichen Li ◽  
Linmao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Neutron Generator ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Monte Carlo Study ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Pulse Mode ◽  
Cement Sample ◽  
Saturation Factor ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector

The PGNAA system for the cement measurement was simulated based on Monte Carlo method. The sizes of the moderator and reflector for the 14 MeV DT neutron generator were optimized for fast and thermal neutron outputs. The DT neutron generator was simulated at the pulse mode, and the gamma-ray detector was set as LaBr3(Ce) scintillator. The characteristic peaks of the major elements (Ca, Si, Al, Fe) can be identified from the gamma-ray spectra which induced at the different time intervals of the neutron radiation. For the different thicknesses of the cement sample the ratios of the gamma-ray peaks were observed, and the result showed that when the thickness was between 20 to 30 cm, the ratios became stable. With the ratios, we can calculate the iron modulus, silica modulus and lime saturation factor.

Determination of Hydrogen in Semiconductors and Related Materials by Cold Neutron Prompt Gamma-ray Activation Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick L. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Porous Thin Films ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Hydrogen Mass

ABSTRACTAn instrument for prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA) at the NIST Center for Neutron Research has proven useful for the measurement of hydrogen and other elements in a variety of materials. The sample is irradiated by a beam of low energy neutrons. Gamma-rays emitted by atomic nuclei upon neutron capture are measured and elemental concentrations determined by comparison with appropriate standards. The detection limit for hydrogen is < 5 mg/kg in most materials, and 2 mg/kg for hydrogen measured in silicon. The instrument has been used to measure hydrogen mass fractions of < 100 mg/kg in high purity germanium, and < 10 mg/kg in quartz. More recently PGAA has been used to measure hydrogen in 1 μm thick porous thin films on a silicon substrate, and in crystals of silicon carbide and cerium aluminate.

ULTIMATE LEVELS OF EXPLOSIVES DETECTION VIA TAGGED NEUTRONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1460131 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. BATYAEV ◽  
S. G. BELICHENKO ◽  
R. R. BESTAEV ◽  
A. V. GAVRYUCHENKOV
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Generator ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Explosives Detection ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Neutron Physics ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector

Capabilities of the Tagged Neutron (TN) method for detection and identification of explosives materials (EM) are explored using an idealized geometrical model that includes a 14 MeV neutron generator with an integrated alpha detector, a gamma-ray detector based on BGO/LYSO crystals, and irradiated samples in the form of simulated EM (TNT, tetryl, RDX, etc.) or benign material (BM) such as cotton, paper, etc. Research was carried out under the framework of computational simulations of neutron physics processes by Monte Carlo methods as well as experimental measurements using an ING-27 neutron generator produced by VNIIA. The work resulted in a comparison between measured and simulated ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curves obtained via integration of analytically expressed functions of irradiation time, mass, and type of EM and BM. Experimental results indicate that 0.3 kg of tetryl simulant located 45 cm from the neutron generator is detected in 97% of cases after a one minute measurement, with the false-alarm rate being highly dependent on the type of BM present: from ∼0% in the case of water to ∼5% in the case of silk. Comparison of simulated and experimental data for these results shows they are in agreement in cases where the simulations account for neutron scattering from the object and background effects.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Detection in Bulk Samples Using a D-D Reaction-Based Portable Neutron Generator

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A. A. Naqvi ◽  
Faris A. Al-Matouq ◽  
F. Z. Khiari ◽  
M. A. Gondal ◽  
A. A. Isab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Neutron Generator ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Detection ◽  
Detector Material

Nitrogen concentration was measured via 2.52 MeV nitrogen gamma ray from melamine, caffeine, urea, and disperse orange bulk samples using a newly designed D-D portable neutron generator-based prompt gamma ray setup. Inspite of low flux of thermal neutrons produced by D-D reaction-based portable neutron generator and interference of 2.52 MeV gamma rays from nitrogen in bulk samples with 2.50 MeV gamma ray from bismuth in BGO detector material, an excellent agreement between the experimental and calculated yields of nitrogen gamma rays indicates satisfactory performance of the setup for detection of nitrogen in bulk samples.

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