Geological CO2 contributions quantified by high-temporal resolution carbon stable isotope monitoring in a salt mine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Frank ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
Anssi Myrttinen ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Johannes A. C. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Carbon Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Measurement Period

<p>CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from geological sources have been recognized as an important input to the global carbon cycle. In regions without active volcanism, mines provide an extraordinary opportunity to observe dynamics of geogenic degassing close to its source.</p><p>High temporal resolution of stable carbon isotopes allows to outline temporal and interdependent dynamics of geogenic CO<sub>2</sub> contributions. We present data from an active underground salt mine in central Germany that were collected on site with a field-deployed laser isotope spectrometer.</p><p>Throughout the 34-day measurement period, total CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations varied between 805 ppmV (5<sup>th</sup> percentile) and 1370 ppmV (95<sup>th</sup> percentile). With a 400 ppm atmospheric background concentration, an isotope mixing model enabled the separation of geogenic (16–27 %) from highly dynamic contributions from anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>-sources (21–54 %). The geogenic fraction was inversely correlated to established CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations that were driven by anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions within the mine. This indicates gradient-driven diffusion along microcracks.</p><p>Read more about this work in our open access publication in Scientific Reports at: http://rdcu.be/cblTz</p>

scholarly journals Geological CO2 quantified by high-temporal resolution stable isotope monitoring in a salt mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Frank ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
Anssi Myrttinen ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Johannes A. C. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Anthropogenic Contributions

AbstractThe relevance of CO2 emissions from geological sources to the atmospheric carbon budget is becoming increasingly recognized. Although geogenic gas migration along faults and in volcanic zones is generally well studied, short-term dynamics of diffusive geogenic CO2 emissions are mostly unknown. While geogenic CO2 is considered a challenging threat for underground mining operations, mines provide an extraordinary opportunity to observe geogenic degassing and dynamics close to its source. Stable carbon isotope monitoring of CO2 allows partitioning geogenic from anthropogenic contributions. High temporal-resolution enables the recognition of temporal and interdependent dynamics, easily missed by discrete sampling. Here, data is presented from an active underground salt mine in central Germany, collected on-site utilizing a field-deployed laser isotope spectrometer. Throughout the 34-day measurement period, total CO2 concentrations varied between 805 ppmV (5th percentile) and 1370 ppmV (95th percentile). With a 400-ppm atmospheric background concentration, an isotope mixing model allows the separation of geogenic (16–27%) from highly dynamic anthropogenic combustion-related contributions (21–54%). The geogenic fraction is inversely correlated to established CO2 concentrations that were driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions within the mine. The described approach is applicable to other environments, including different types of underground mines, natural caves, and soils.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of hydrological models to temporal and spatial resolutions of rainfall data

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 2647-2663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchun Huang ◽  
András Bárdossy ◽  
Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Improved Model

Abstract. Rainfall is the most important input for rainfall–runoff models. It is usually measured at specific sites on a daily or sub-daily timescale and requires interpolation for further application. This study aims to evaluate whether a higher temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall can lead to improved model performance. Four different gridded hourly and daily rainfall datasets with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km for the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany were constructed using a combination of data from a dense network of daily rainfall stations and a less dense network of sub-daily stations. Lumped and spatially distributed HBV models were used to investigate the sensitivity of model performance to the spatial resolution of rainfall. The four different rainfall datasets were used to drive both lumped and distributed HBV models to simulate daily discharges in four catchments. The main findings include that (1) a higher temporal resolution of rainfall improves the model performance if the station density is high; (2) a combination of observed high temporal resolution observations with disaggregated daily rainfall leads to further improvement in the tested models; and (3) for the present research, the increase in spatial resolution improves the performance of the model insubstantially or only marginally in most of the study catchments.

High Lateral- and Temporal-Resolution Current Sampling: Measurement Set-Up and Some Findings

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudmund Kleiven ◽  
Lars Ingolf Eide
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Current Speed ◽  
Current Measurement ◽  
Lateral Resolution ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Lateral Resolution ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Mean Current

This paper presents two high temporal resolution current measurement campaigns where the current is sampled and stored at a frequency of 1Hz. One of the campaigns also included high lateral resolution measurements. The measurements were part of the current measurement program conducted by the Ormen Lange project. The measurements are rather unique and the first successful campaigns of its kind on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The main objective of these measurements was to measure the turbulence characteristics of the current flow. This was regarded as important input to the design of the numerous free pipeline spans in the Ormen Lange development resulting from the very uneven seabed in the area. The frequencies of particular importance were the frequencies of the first eigenmodes of the free pipeline spans being in the range 0.1–1 Hz. The measurements confirm the shape of the turbulence following the Kolmogorov –5/3 decay law in this frequency range. Measurements along the pipeline route did not reveal any significant differences in the near seabed turbulence intensity along the route. Extrapolating the measurements into a near seabed record mean current speed of 0.5m/s gives a turbulence intensity of approximately 0.1. The high lateral resolution measurements demonstrate local topographic influence on record mean current. This concerns topographic steering, damping and amplification of current speed.

Multidetector-row Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease – New Techniques and Insights

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas H Mahnken ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Multidetector Row ◽  
Ct Scanners ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiac Mdct

Over the last decade, cardiac computed tomography (CT) technology has experienced revolutionary changes and gained broad clinical acceptance in the work-up of patients suffering from coronary artery disease (CAD). Since cardiac multidetector-row CT (MDCT) was introduced in 1998, acquisition time, number of detector rows and spatial and temporal resolution have improved tremendously. Current developments in cardiac CT are focusing on low-dose cardiac scanning at ultra-high temporal resolution. Technically, there are two major approaches to achieving these goals: rapid data acquisition using dual-source CT scanners with high temporal resolution or volumetric data acquisition with 256/320-slice CT scanners. While each approach has specific advantages and disadvantages, both technologies foster the extension of cardiac MDCT beyond morphological imaging towards the functional assessment of CAD. This article examines current trends in the development of cardiac MDCT.

THERMAL ALTERATION OF PRECAMBRIAN MICROFOSSILS: APPLICATIONS TO THE STUDY OF STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES ON THE EARLY EARTH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Osterhout ◽  
◽  
J. William Schopf ◽  
Anatoliy B. Kudryavtsev ◽  
K.D. McKeegan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Thermal Alteration

scholarly journals Revealing the time course of laser evoked potential habituation by high temporal resolution analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kersebaum ◽  
S.‐C. Fabig ◽  
M. Sendel ◽  
A. C. Muntean ◽  
R. Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Resolution Analysis
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