Static and Pseudo-Kinematic PPP-AR Performance in Antarctic Region

<p>Because of the inclined-orbit of GNSS constellations that are not cover the Polar Regions, the polar gaps occur between certain latitudes and therefore in these regions the satellite observations are limited around the zenith direction. In addition, from summer to winter season, the daylight and weather conditions vary tremendously in the Polar Regions. In the context of this study, the PPP accuracy performance was tested as a function of winter and summer seasons, GPS-only and GPS&GLONASS constellations, PPP-AR and PPP-Float solution strategies, static and kinematic processing modes, varying occupation times (1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h and daily), and increasing latitudes towards the South Pole at the OHI3, ROTH, MCM4, and AMU2 GNSS stations in the Antarctica continent. Besides, the effect of the ambiguity solution strategies and the used constellations in the process on PPP convergence time was also examined. In the assessment results of the study, it was revealed that the PPP-AR strategy, additional GLONASS system to GPS constellation, and increased occupation times improved the static and kinematic positioning accuracy. Besides, although similar accuracies were obtained in both seasons, the position accuracy was slightly better in winter. Regarding the investigation on convergence time, the PPP-AR solution using the GPS&GLONASS constellations improved the convergence time by 66% comparing to the GPS-only PPP-Float solution. Finally, according to the assessment of the PPP-AR accuracy performance depending on the increasing latitude towards the South Pole, it has been observed that the 2D position accuracy remained stable for three stations except for AMU2. Besides, the vertical position accuracy decreased as it approaches the South Pole and the GLONASS system contributed to the improvement of the accuracy.</p>

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100 facts: polar lands 365 penguins Amazing Arctic & Antarctic projects you can build yourself Apun: the Arctic snow Matthew Henson: the quest for the North Pole Polar bears in danger Polar regions Race to the South Pole coloring book Rescue in Antarctica

Polar Research ◽

10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00193.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 470-471

Keyword(s):

North Pole ◽

The Arctic ◽

Polar Regions ◽

Polar Bears ◽

South Pole ◽

The South ◽

The North

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Operation of the Near Infrared Sky Monitor at the South Pole

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia ◽

10.1071/as02020 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 328-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. S. Lawrence ◽

M. C. B. Ashley ◽

M. G. Burton ◽

P. G. Calisse ◽

J. R. Everett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Winter Season ◽

Spectral Brightness ◽

South Pole ◽

The South ◽

Temperate Latitude ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Sky Monitor ◽

The Antarctic

AbstractThe near infrared sky spectral brightness has been measured at the South Pole with the Near Infrared Sky Monitor (NISM) throughout the 2001 winter season. The sky is found to be typically more than an order of magnitude darker than at temperate latitude sites, consistent with previous South Pole observations. Reliable robotic operation of the NISM, a low power, autonomous instrument, has been demonstrated throughout the Antarctic winter. Data analysis yields a median winter value of the 2.4μm (Kdark) sky spectral brightness of ˜120μJy arcsec−2 and an average of 210 ± 80μJy arcsec−2. The 75%, 50%, and 25% quartile values are 270 ± 100, 155 ± 60, and 80 ± 30μJy arcsec−2, respectively.

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Polar aspects of the Transglobe Expedition

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247400004800 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 22 (136) ◽

pp. 51-56

Author(s):

Ranulph Fiennes

Keyword(s):

Ellesmere Island ◽

North Pole ◽

Polar Regions ◽

South Pole ◽

The South ◽

Northwest Passage ◽

The North ◽

Pack Ice ◽

Greenwich Meridian ◽

The World

AbstractThe Transglobe Expedition (leader Sir Ranulph Fiennes, Bt.), circumnavigated the world between September 1979 and 1982, keeping as close as possible to the Greenwich meridian. This involved journeys in both polar regions. During the expedition's southern phase (1979–81) two overwintering bases were established in Antarctica and a party of three crossed the icecap on snowmobiles, via the South Pole. During the northern phase (1981–83) two men traversed the Northwest Passage by boat on foot, sledging across Ellesmere Island to the settlement of Alert, where a party of three overwintered. Two then set out over the pack ice, crossing the North Pole and drifting with the floating ice toward Svalbard, to be picked up by the expedition ship.

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XVI. Contributions to Terrestrial Magnetism, No. XI

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1867.0108 ◽

1868 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 480-481

Keyword(s):

Royal Society ◽

Magnetic Force ◽

British Association ◽

Polar Regions ◽

South Pole ◽

The South ◽

General Review ◽

Terrestrial Magnetism ◽

Magnetic Elements ◽

South Polar

This number of the Contributions of Terrestrial Magnetism contains the completion of the Magnetical Survey of the South Polar Regions, undertaken by Her Majesty’s Government in 1840-1845 at the joint instance of the Royal Society and the British Association for the Advancement of Science. The observations themselves, and their provisional discussion, have already been given in the previous numbers, V., VI., VIII., and X. of the Contributions. The present number contains a general review of the whole survey, and is accompanied by three maps, which have been prepared, with the permission of the Hydrographer, Captain Richards, R. N., E. R. S., under the careful superintendence of the Assistant Hydrographer, Captain Frederick John Evans, R. N., F. R. S., one map being allotted to each of the three magnetic elements, viz. the Declination, Inclination, and Intensity of the Magnetic Force. In these maps the Isogonic, Isoclinal, and Isodynamic lines have been drawn, by the author of the paper, conformably with the observations around the circumference of the globe between the parallel of 30° S. and the South Pole. The paper also contains Tables, prepared with a view to the revision of the calculations of Gauss’s 'Allgemeine Theorie des Erdmagnetismus.’ They give the values of each of the three magnetic elements at the intersections of every fifth degree of latitude between 40° of south latitude and the South Pole, and every tenth degree of longitude between 0 and 360°.

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