Polar aspects of the Transglobe Expedition

Polar Record ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (136) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Ranulph Fiennes
Keyword(s):  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
The North ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Greenwich Meridian ◽  
The World

AbstractThe Transglobe Expedition (leader Sir Ranulph Fiennes, Bt.), circumnavigated the world between September 1979 and 1982, keeping as close as possible to the Greenwich meridian. This involved journeys in both polar regions. During the expedition's southern phase (1979–81) two overwintering bases were established in Antarctica and a party of three crossed the icecap on snowmobiles, via the South Pole. During the northern phase (1981–83) two men traversed the Northwest Passage by boat on foot, sledging across Ellesmere Island to the settlement of Alert, where a party of three overwintered. Two then set out over the pack ice, crossing the North Pole and drifting with the floating ice toward Svalbard, to be picked up by the expedition ship.

Marine Navigation in the Canadian Arctic

1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
J. H. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
North Pole ◽  
British Government ◽  
Short Route ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marine Navigation

The history of marine navigation in the area to the north of Hudson Straits and west of Greenland dates back to Martin Frobisher in 1567, John Davis in 1585 (who reached N. 72° 15′), and William Baffin, who got as far as Smith Sound (N. 77° 45′) in 1616. All of them were searching for a short route to the East. There was little exploration in the area for the next two-hundred years, until, in 1818, the British Government recommended explorations for the Northwest Passage: This activity continued throughout the Franklin era up to 1875, when Captain George Nares proceeded to N. 82° 25′ on the northern end of Ellesmere Island. After this, the role of exploration gradually passed to American hands, largely culminating in 1909 with Robert E. Peary's attainment of the North Pole.

Polar Maps

1949 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
John Kinsella ◽  
A. Day Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
North Polar

It is time for us to get better acquainted with the top and bottom of the earth. The strategic importance of the North Polar Regions is becoming increasingly evident and recent explorations in Antarctica have focused attention on that part of the world. We are accustomed to looking at maps which either exclude the polar regions or which distort excessively the distances, directions and relative size of areas in these parts of the globe. Many maps in common usage do not indicate clearly that the great circles between many important cities in the Northern Hemisphere pass near the North Pole.

Oppegård kirke, Oppegård, Norway: fixing the location where Roald Amundsen revealed his ‘minor diversion’

Polar Record ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-224
Author(s):  
P.J. Capelotti ◽  
Susan Barr
Keyword(s):  
North Pole ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
History Of ◽  
North Polar ◽  
Grave Markers ◽  
Clear Objective

ABSTRACTAfter learning in the first week of September 1909 that the North Pole had been claimed, the career and prospects of the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen hung in the balance. Scheduled to lead an exploration of the north polar basin, Amundsen suddenly found himself without adequate funding or a clear objective. His self-described ‘coup’ to turn southwards and reach for the South Pole was perhaps the most dramatic and best-kept secret in the history of polar exploration. Amundsen shared his decision only with a very select few, including his brother and manager, Leon Amundsen, a scene dramatised in the 1985 television mini-series The last place on earth. The location used in the film is identified at the unusual grave markers of the Ingier family outside Oppegård kirke in Oppegård, Norway, about five km from the site of Amundsen's home on Bunnefjorden, a branch of Oslofjord.

scholarly journals Effect of magnetic field of both north and south pole on the growth and viability of the local isolate Aspergillus flavus sh1 and its capability for the production of aflatoxin

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Ismael Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
North Pole ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Local Isolate ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South

This study included the investigation of the effect of magnetic field of both north and south pole on the growth and viability of the local isolate of Aspergillus flavus, and its capability for the production of aflatoxin.The results showed that the north pole effect of the growth and viability of the tested isolate and it's capability for aflatoxin production. The colonies diameter were (50,60,70 )mm to the (north pole, south pole, north and south pole) treatments and the control was (60)mm. The numbers of spores to the same treatments were (12×107 ,50×107,31×107) spore/100 ml while the control was (30×107) spore/100ml.The dried weight of the same treatments were (0.11,0.36,0.25)gm while the control was (0.23)gm.The south pole show an efficiency in staining Aspergillus flavus sh1 comparing with the north pole. And so the North Pole was reduced the production of aflatoxin, while the South Pole increased the aflatoxin production.

7. To the ends of the earth

2015 ◽  
pp. 100-113
Author(s):  
Stewart A. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
Large Space ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
High Asia ◽  
The Antarctic

With the filling of the large space on the map that was Tibet and High Asia, explorers turned to smaller spaces or else they turned to those untouched extremities where there was no map—the Arctic and the Antarctic. ‘To the ends of the earth ’ first describes the search for the North Pole in the Arctic. It was Americans Frederick Cook and Robert Peary who laid their competing claims to 90° north, but the race to the South Pole was between Robert Scott and Roald Amundsen. It was Amundsen who succeeded. The two next terrestrial prizes were the world's highest mountain, Mount Everest, and Rub' al Khali, the “Empty Quarter” of southeastern Arabia.

scholarly journals VI. On the influence of the ocean on the plumb-line in India

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 597-599
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Plumb Line ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Small Excess

This paper is a sequel to two former communications made to the Royal Society by the author. In the first of these (communicated in 1855), the deflection of the plumb-line caused by the mountain-mass north of Hindostan is calculated; and in the second (communicated in 1858), the effect of a small excess or defect of density prevailing through extensive parts of the earth’s mass, is found, with a view to determine whether any compensating cause can possibly exist below to counteract the large amount of deflection caused by the superficial mass lying above the sea-level. A survey of the causes of disturbance of the plumb-line cannot be complete without taking into consideration the influence of the ocean. To approximate to this is the object of the present paper. The author first adverts to the peculiar geographical position of Hindostan. The highest mountain-ground in the world lies to the north of it; and an unbroken expanse of ocean extends from its shores down to the neighbourhood of the South Pole. The excess of matter presented by the first causes a deflection of the plumb-line towards the north, decreasing in amount as we travel southwards. The deficiency of matter arising from the second causes a deflection of the plumb-line also towards the north, but decreasing in amount as we travel northwards. The consequence is, that while these two causes conspire to increase the deflection at the different stations, the action of the second tends to reduce in amount the errors which the mountain-attraction causes in the amplitudes.

Changing the Angle of Vision: Astrolabe Dials on Astronomical Clocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 404-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Oestmann
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Stereographic Projection ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
North Pole ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
Modern Period

Abstract From the middle of the fourteenth century until the Early Modern period, several monumental astronomical clocks were erected in Europe, and on many of them astrolabe dials were placed. On a group of earlier clocks, “southern astrolabes” (i.e. with stereographic projection from the North Pole) were employed, whereas later examples show a “northern astrolabe” (i.e., a stereographic projection from the South Pole), which is commonly used on portable astrolabes. The material and textual evidence as well as reasons for this change shall be examined. Moreover, the question of transmission of special variants of stereographic projection from East to West will be discussed.

Temür and the problem of a conqueror's legacy

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Forbes Manz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Stress ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Fragmentation ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Temür has been many things to many people. He was nomad and city-builder, Turk and promoter of Persian culture, restorer of the Mongol order and warrior for the spread of Islam. One thing he was to all: a conqueror of unequalled scope, able to subdue both the vast areas of nomad power to the north and the centres of agrarian Islamic culture to the south. The history of his successors was one of increasing political fragmentation and economic stress. Yet they too won fame, as patrons over a period of brilliant cultural achievement in Persian and Turkic. Temür's career raises a number of questions. Why did he find it necessary to pile conquest upon conquest, each more ambitious than the last? Having conceived dreams of dominion, where did he get the power and money to fulfill them? When he died, what legacy did Temür leave to his successors and to the world which they tried to control? Finally, what was this world of Turk and Persian, and where did Temür and the Timurids belong within it?

scholarly journals Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McKibben ◽  
J. J. Connell ◽  
C. Lopate ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
J. D. Anglin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Solar Energetic Particles ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

Abstract. In 2000–2001 Ulysses passed from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun in the inner heliosphere, providing a snapshot of the latitudinal structure of cosmic ray modulation and solar energetic particle populations during a period near solar maximum.  Observations from the COSPIN suite of energetic charged particle telescopes show that latitude variations in the cosmic ray intensity in the inner heliosphere are nearly non-existent near solar maximum, whereas small but clear latitude gradients were observed during the similar phase of Ulysses’ orbit near the 1994–95 solar minimum. At proton energies above ~10 MeV and extending up to >70 MeV, the intensities are often dominated by Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) accelerated near the Sun in association with intense solar flares and large Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). At lower energies the particle intensities are almost constantly enhanced above background, most likely as a result of a mix of SEPs and particles accelerated by interplanetary shocks. Simultaneous high-latitude Ulysses and near-Earth observations show that most events that produce large flux increases near Earth also produce flux increases at Ulysses, even at the highest latitudes attained. Particle anisotropies during particle onsets at Ulysses are typically directed outwards from the Sun, suggesting either acceleration extending to high latitudes or efficient cross-field propagation somewhere inside the orbit of Ulysses. Both cosmic ray and SEP observations are consistent with highly efficient transport of energetic charged particles between the equatorial and polar regions and across the mean interplanetary magnetic fields in the inner heliosphere.Key words. Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays) – Solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy (energetic particles; flares and mass ejections)

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