Possible Explanation for Interannual Variations in Trans-Pacific Transport of East Asian Dust

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxing Wang ◽  
Yiran Peng ◽  
Tianliang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Source Regions

<p>East Asian dust aerosols prevail during spring season and transport cross Pacific Ocean. Satellite retrieval data show that dust AOD in downwind plume region over Pacific is significantly high and extends northward and eastward in 2003 comparing to 2002. In this study, we investigate the possible mechanism behind the differences in dust plume over Pacific by analyzing aerosol observations from CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) and MISR (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer) satellite platforms and ERA-Interim reanalysis data of meteorological fields. Firstly, we derive dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) in spring of 2002 and 2003 from MISR data by referring to the climatological mass ratio of dust to total aerosol from CALIPSO aerosol retrievals during 2007-2016. Second, we illustrate the axis of dust plume over Pacific by mimicking the center-of-gravity method for dust distribution, which clearly demonstrates that the axis shifts more northward and eastward and dust AOD is noticeably higher in April to May of 2003 than 2002. Thirdly, we look into the relationships between dust AOD and meteorological fields. Our results show that stronger surface wind speed in Northwest China (the source regions of East Asian dust) leads to higher dust emission in spring of 2003 than 2002. The updraft velocity in dust source regions is also stronger in 2003, which favors the uplifting of emitted dust. The precipitation over Pacific shows similar pattern between 2002 and 2003, indicating that wet deposition of dust has similar impacts on the dust aerosol transported cross Pacific Ocean. Lastly, we found that stronger southerly wind prevails over western North Pacific in May of 2003 than 2002, where negative vorticity is observed and might be related to certain features of Rossby wave. It is likely responsible for the northward axis of dust plume over Pacific. Therefore we conclude that the stronger and more easterly extended dust plume over Pacific Ocean in 2003 is resulted from excessive dust emission and stronger uplift in dust source regions of East Asia. The stronger southerly winds cause to the further northward axis of dust plume over western North Pacific. In the current stage, we extend the above investigation for the past two decades, to explain the interannual variations of East Asian dust related to emission in source regions, Trans-Pacific transport, meteorological fields and climatic indices.</p>

scholarly journals Performance of KMA-ADAM3 in Identifying Asian Dust Days over Northern China

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Sang-Boom Ryoo ◽  
Jinwon Kim ◽  
Jeong Hoon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Dust Emission ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Dust Generation ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Dust Events

Recently, the Korea Meteorological Administration developed Asian Dust Aerosol Model version 3 (ADAM3) by incorporating additional parameters into ADAM2, including anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions, modification of dust generation by considering real-time surface vegetation, and assimilations of surface PM observations and satellite-measured aerosol optical depth. This study evaluates the performance of ADAM3 in identifying Asian dust days over the dust source regions in Northern China and their variations according to regions and soil types by comparing its performance with ADAM2 (from January to June of 2017). In all regions the performance of ADAM3 was markedly improved, especially for Northwestern China, where the threat score (TS) and the probability of detection (POD) improved from 5.4% and 5.5% to 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. ADAM3 outperforms ADAM2 for all soil types, especially for the sand-type soil for which TS and POD are improved from 39.2.0% and 50.7% to 48.9% and 68.2%, respectively. Despite these improvements in regions and surface soil types, Asian dust emission formulas in ADAM3 need improvement for the loess-type soils to modulate the overestimation of Asian dust events related to anthropogenic emissions in the Huabei Plain and Manchuria.

Moisture Source-to-Receptor Network for East Asian Summer Monsoon and the Associated Atmospheric Bridges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tat Fan Cheng ◽  
Mengqian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
River Basin ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Intraseasonal Variation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Asian Summer

<p>There has been growing interest in studying precipitation recycling and identifying relationships between moisture sources and receptors. The network built upon the relationships is crucial for the knowledge of the atmospheric water cycle, weather prediction, and adaptation to hydroclimatic disasters. This study aims to provide an interesting perspective of a Source-to-Receptor (SR) network to study the dynamics of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM). By prescribing 24 sources and 6 EASM subregions, the SR network during the wet season is quantified using the two-dimensional physically-based Dynamical Recycling Model (DRM). Results reveal that in addition to oceanic sources, land sources including the often-overlooked plateau regions play an important role in supplying moisture to most EASM subregions. A seesaw relationship of the Indian Ocean/South Asia sector from April to June and the Pacific Ocean/East Asia sector from July to September is evidenced in the intraseasonal variation of the SR network for EASM subregions including South China coast and Taiwan, Yangtze River basin, South Japan and Korean Peninsula. Conversely, weaker intraseasonal variation is seen in the SR network for the Yellow River basin and North China. During heavy rainfall days, the zonal oscillation of western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) is deemed crucial to modulate the SR network through enhanced contributions from Bay of Bengal, Indochina, Indian subcontinent and Southwest China (the Philippine Sea and western North Pacific) during the positive (negative) phase. Coupled circulations such as two distinct pressure dipoles and coherent upper-level wave trains from mid-latitudes are responsible for bridging the moisture routes. Lastly, preceding winter/springtime El Niño is likely associated with the enhanced (weakened) moisture supply from the southwesterly (Pacific Ocean) sources. Longer-term variabilities such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation is also considered influential to the SR network. We believe that the attributable atmospheric bridges and the SR network itself can offer insights to the current understanding of EASM and model simulations of the monsoon systems and the water cycles.</p>

scholarly journals East Asian dust storm in May 2017: observations, modelling, and its influence on the Asia-Pacific region

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 8353-8371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xiao Zhang ◽  
Brenton Sharratt ◽  
Lian-You Liu ◽  
Zi-Fa Wang ◽  
Xiao-Le Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Dust Event ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract. A severe dust storm event originated from the Gobi Desert in Central and East Asia during 2–7 May 2017. Based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products, hourly environmental monitoring measurements from Chinese cities and East Asian meteorological observation stations, and numerical simulations, we analysed the spatial and temporal characteristics of this dust event as well as its associated impact on the Asia-Pacific region. The maximum observed hourly PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm) concentration was above 1000 µg m−3 in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, and Langfang and above 2000 µg m−3 in Erdos, Hohhot, Baotou, and Alxa in northern China. This dust event affected over 8.35 million km2, or 87 % of the Chinese mainland, and significantly deteriorated air quality in 316 cities of the 367 cities examined across China. The maximum surface wind speed during the dust storm was 23–24 m s−1 in the Mongolian Gobi Desert and 20–22 m s−1 in central Inner Mongolia, indicating the potential source regions of this dust event. Lidar-derived vertical dust profiles in Beijing, Seoul, and Tokyo indicated dust aerosols were uplifted to an altitude of 1.5–3.5 km, whereas simulations by the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model indicated 20.4 and 5.3 Tg of aeolian dust being deposited respectively across continental Asia and the North Pacific Ocean. According to forward trajectory analysis by the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion (FLEXPART) model, the East Asian dust plume moved across the North Pacific within a week. Dust concentrations decreased from the East Asian continent across the Pacific Ocean from a magnitude of 103 to 10−5 µg m−3, while dust deposition intensity ranged from 104 to 10−1 mg m−2. This dust event was unusual due to its impact on continental China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and the North Pacific Ocean. Asian dust storms such as those observed in early May 2017 may lead to wider climate forcing on a global scale.

scholarly journals East Asian dust storm in May 2017: observations, modelling and its influence on Asia-Pacific region

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xiao Zhang ◽  
Brenton Sharratt ◽  
Lian-You Liu ◽  
Zi-Fa Wang ◽  
Xiao-Le Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Dust Event ◽  
The North

Abstract. A severe dust storm event originated from the Gobi Desert in Central and East Asia during 2–7 May, 2017. Based on moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products, hourly environmental monitoring measurements from 367 Chinese cities and more than 2000 East Asian meteorological observation stations, and numerical simulations, we analysed the spatial and temporal characteristics of this dust event as well as its associated impact on the Asia-Pacific region. The maximum observed hourly PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) concentration was above 1000 μg m−3 in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, and Langfang and above 2000 μg m−3 in Erdos, Hohhot, Baotou, and Alxa in northern China. This dust event affected over 8.35 million km2, or 87 % of mainland China, and significantly deteriorated air quality in 316 cities of the 367 cities examined across China. The maximum surface wind speed during the dust storm was 23–24 m s−1 in the Mongolian Gobi Desert and 20–22 m s−1 in central Inner Mongolia, indicating the potential source regions of this dust event. Lidar-derived vertical dust profiles in Beijing, Seoul, and Tokyo indicated dust aerosols were uplifted to an altitude of 1.5–3.5 km whereas simulations by the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model indicated 20.4 Tg and 5.3 Tg of aeolian dust being deposited respectively across continental Asia and the North Pacific Ocean. According to forward trajectory analysis by the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion (FLEXPART) model, the East Asian dust plume moved across the North Pacific within a week. Dust concentrations decreased from East Asian continent across the Pacific Ocean from a magnitude of 103 to 10−5 μg m−3, while dust deposition intensity ranged from 104 to 10−1 mg m−2. This dust event was unusual due to its impact on continental China, Korea, Japan and North Pacific Ocean. Asian dust storms such as observed in early May 2017 may lead to wider climate forcing on a global scale.

scholarly journals Improvements of ADAM3 by Incorporating New Dust Emission Reduction Formulations Based on Real-Time MODIS NDVI

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3139
Author(s):  
Jeong Hoon Cho ◽  
Sang-Boom Ryoo ◽  
Jinwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Modis Ndvi ◽  
Source Regions

Dust events in Northeast Asia have several adverse effects on human health, agricultural land, infrastructure, and transport. Wind speed is the most important factor in determining the total dust emission at the land surface; however, various land-surface conditions must be considered as well. Recently, the Korea Meteorological Administration updated the dust emission reduction factor (RF) in the Asian Dust Aerosol Model 3 (ADAM3) using data from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We evaluated the improvements of ADAM3 according to soil types. We incorporated new RF formulations in the evaluation based on real-time MODIS NDVI data obtained over the Asian dust source regions in northern China during spring 2017. This incorporation improved the simulation performance of ADAM3 for the PM10 mass concentration in Inner Mongolia and Manchuria for all soil types, except Gobi. The ADAM3 skill scores for sand, loess, and mixed types in a 24 h forecast increased by 6.6%, 20.4%, and 13.3%, respectively, compared with those in forecasts employing the monthly RF based on the NDVI data. As surface conditions in the dust source regions continually change, incorporating real-time vegetation data is critical to improving performance of dust forecast models such as ADAM3.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variabilities of spring Asian dust events and their impacts on chlorophyll‐ a concentrations in the western North Pacific Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 1474-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo‐Eun Yoon ◽  
Kitae Kim ◽  
Alison M. Macdonald ◽  
Ki‐Tae Park ◽  
Hyun‐Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Western North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Dust Events

scholarly journals Atmospheric inorganic nitrogen input via dry, wet, and sea fog deposition to the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jung ◽  
H. Furutani ◽  
M. Uematsu ◽  
S. Kim ◽  
S. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Fog Water ◽  
Western North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Sea Fog ◽  
Fog Deposition

Abstract. Aerosol, rainwater, and sea fog water samples were collected during the cruise conducted over the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean in the summer of 2008, in order to estimate dry, wet, and sea fog deposition fluxes of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen (N). During sea fog events, mean number densities of particles with diameters larger than 0.5 μm decreased by 12–78%, suggesting that particles with diameters larger than 0.5 μm could act preferentially as condensation nuclei (CN) for sea fog droplets. Mean concentrations of nitrate (NO3−), methanesulfonic acid (MSA), and non sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42−) in sea fog water were higher than those in rainwater, whereas those of ammonium (NH4+) in both sea fog water and rainwater were similar. These results reveal that sea fog scavenged NO3− and biogenic sulfur species more efficiently than rain. Mean dry, wet, and sea fog deposition fluxes for atmospheric total inorganic N (TIN; i.e. NH4+ + NO3−) over the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean were estimated to be 4.9 μmol m−2 d−1, 33 μmol m−2 d−1, and 7.8 μmol m−2 d−1, respectively. While NO3− was the dominant inorganic N species in dry and sea fog deposition, inorganic N supplied to surface waters by wet deposition was predominantly by NH4+. The contribution of dry, wet, and sea fog deposition to total deposition flux for TIN (46 μmol m−2 d−1) were 11%, 72%, and 17%, respectively, suggesting that ignoring sea fog deposition would lead to underestimate of the total influx of atmospheric inorganic N into the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean, especially in summer periods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document