Landscape Patches Influencing Runoff and Sediment Yield and Flow Hydrodynamics in The Loess Plateau, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoxiu Sun ◽  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Li Ma
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Patch Type ◽  
Vegetation Patch ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Vegetation Patches ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

<p>The Loess Plateau is located in arid and semi-arid region, and the fragmentation of vegetation patches is large. However, the combination of vegetation patches to the runoff and sediment yield on the slope is not clear yet. To evaluate the influence of vegetation patch type and number on runoff, sediment and hydrodynamic parameters, this study established field runoff plots with different landscape patch types, including bare land, S-road patches, strip patches, grid patches and random patches, as well as different quantities patches of 5, 10, 15 and 20. The results showed that the runoff yields of the four vegetation patch types decreased by 16.1%–48.7% (p<0.05) compared with that of bare land, whereas sediment yields decreased by 42.1%–86.5% (p<0.05). Also, the resistance coefficients of the poorly connected patch patterns, including strip patches, grid patches and random patches, ranged between 0.2–1.17 times higher than that of the well-connected S-road patch pattern, and the stream power decreased by 33.3%–50.7% (p<0.05). Under a uniform distribution of vegetation patches, the runoff rate and sediment yield decreased significantly with an increased number of patches. Although the increase in the number of vegetation patches also resulted in a decrease inflow shear stress and stream power to different degrees, the differences between the combinations with similar patch numbers were not significant. Besides, the sensitivity of soil to erosion decreased with an increasing number of the patch in the vegetation landscape, whereas the sensitivities of patch combinations with poor connectivity were lower than those with good connectivity. From this perspective, the optimization of vegetation in the Loess Plateau region requires sufficient consideration to reducing the connectivity of vegetation patches and increasing the density of patches.</p>

scholarly journals Study on Landscape Patches Influencing Hillslope Erosion Processes and Flow Hydrodynamics in the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3201
Author(s):  
Ruoxiu Sun ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Shouhong Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Mingshuang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Patch Type ◽  
Vegetation Patch ◽  
Vegetation Landscape ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Vegetation Patches

Although vegetation restoration plays an important role in the management of surface runoff and soil erosion, the large-scale restoration of vegetation can increase water consumption and reduce surface water resources, thus affecting the health of river ecosystems. Therefore, vegetation restoration should aim to achieve a vegetation landscape pattern that optimizes protection of soil resources while limiting water consumption. This study established field runoff plots with different landscape patch types, including bare land, S-road patches, strip patches, grid patches, and random patches, as well as different quantities patches of 5, 10, 15, and 20. An artificial rainfall experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different vegetation patches in reducing runoff and sediment, and the relationship between the types and number of vegetation patches and hydrodynamic parameters. The results showed that the runoff yields of the four vegetation patch types decreased by 16.1–48.7% compared with that of bare land, whereas sediment yields decreased by 42.1–86.5%. In addition, the resistance coefficients of the poorly connected patch patterns, including strip patches, grid patches, and random patches, ranged between 0.2–1.17 times higher than that of the well-connected S-road patch pattern, and the stream power decreased by 33.3–50.7%. Under a set vegetation coverage rate, an increase in the number of vegetation patches resulted in a significant reduction in runoff velocity, runoff yield, and sediment yield, increases in surface roughness and flow resistance, and reductions in runoff shear force and stream power. Besides, the sensitivity of soil to erosion decreased with an increasing number of the patch in the vegetation landscape, whereas the sensitivities of patch combinations with poor connectivity were lower than those with good connectivity. The results of this study highlight the importance of vegetation patch type and quantity for control of soil erosion.

scholarly journals Sediment Yield in Dam-Controlled Watersheds in the Pisha Sandstone Region on the Northern Loess Plateau, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Fabing Xie ◽  
Guangju Zhao ◽  
Xingmin Mu ◽  
Peng Tian ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
Check Dams ◽  
Loss Control

Soil erosion has become the dominant environmental issue endangering sustainable development in agriculture and the ecosystem on the Loess Plateau. Determination of watershed soil erosion rates and sediment yields is essential for reasonable utilization of water resources and soil loss control. In this study, we employed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry to determine the sediment yields in 24 dam-controlled watersheds in the Pisha sandstone region of the northern Loess Plateau. High differences in total sediment were trapped before the check dams due to their running periods and sediment yields. The estimated specific sediment yield ranged from 34.32 t/(ha∙a) to 123.80 t/(ha∙a) with an average of 63.55 t/(ha∙a), which indicated that the Pisha sandstone region had an intense soil erosion rate. Furthermore, the modified Sediment Distributed Delivery (SEDD) model was applied to identify the erosion-prone areas in the watersheds, and the sediment retained in the check dams were used for model calibration. The performance of the model was acceptable, and the modeling results indicated that the steep Pisha sandstone was the major sediment source for the watersheds, accounting for approximately 87.37% of the sediment yield. Catchment area, erosive precipitation, and badland proportion were the key factors for sediment yield in the dam-controlled watersheds of the Pisha sandstone region, according to multiple regression analyses. These findings indicated that the modified SEDD model is very efficient in identifying spatial heterogeneities of sediment yield in the watershed but requires comprehensive calibration and validation with long-term observations. The Pisha sandstone region is still the key area of soil erosion control in the Loess Plateau, which needs more attention for soil and water conservation due to high sediment yield.

Land-use changes and check dams reducing runoff and sediment yield on the Loess Plateau of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 984-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Shi ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Zongping Ren ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Check Dams ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Runoff and sediment yield from snowmelt and rainfall as influenced by forage type and grazing intensity

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Gill ◽  
M. A. Naeth ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
V. S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Grazing Intensities ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Currently, there is interest in Western Canada in extending the grazing season using perennial and annual forages. Of greatest concern is the environmental sustainability of these grazing systems, with emphasis on their ability to withstand erosion. A study to examine the runoff and sediment yields of annual and perennial forages in central Alberta was initiated in 1994. Runoff and sediment yield were quantified under snowmelt and rainfall events for two seasons. Rainfall simulation was used to further examine runoff under growing season conditions. Four forage treatments (two annuals: triticale and a barley/triticale mixture and two perennials: smooth bromegrass and meadow bromegrass) and three grazing intensities (light, medium and heavy) were studied, each replicated four times. Total annual runoff was dominated by snowmelt. Generally runoff volumes, sediment yields, sediment ratios and runoff coefficients were all low. Bare ground increased with increasing grazing intensity and was significantly greater in annuals than perennials for all grazing intensities. Litter biomass decreased with increasing grazing intensity and was generally similar in all species for both years at heavy and medium grazing intensities. Results from the rainfall simulation corroborated those under natural rainfall conditions and generally indicated the sustainability of these grazing systems at this site. Key words: Forages, soil erosion, sustainability, rainfall simulation

Water and sediment evolution in areas with high and coarse sediment yield of the Loess Plateau

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-hong LIU ◽  
Guang-qian WANG ◽  
Hai-hong LI ◽  
Jia-guo GONG ◽  
Jing-yi HAN
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Coarse Sediment ◽  
Water And Sediment
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