Exploring the effects of carbon and ash derived from forest fires in relation to germination of two invasive alien species and one native species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila F. Riveiro ◽  
Óscar Cruz ◽  
Otilia Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Ulex Europaeus ◽  
Germination Response

<p>Fire is an ecological factor that affects ecosystem structure and functioning and determines later recovery of the ecosystem through the modification of biological processes, such as seed germination and seedling establishment. Another factor that modifies ecosystems is the presence of invasive alien species, which easily colonize new habitats after disturbances such as forest fires. Within this research, we analyzed the germination response to fire trough carbon and ash of three species that share habitat, one native species (<em>Daucus carota</em> L.) and two invasive alien species (<em>Helichrysum foetidum</em> (L.) Moench and <em>Oenothera glazioviana</em> Micheli) to identify and compare the effects of carbon and ash on the germination of these three species. For this purpose, germination tests were performed by using seeds treated with carbon and five concentrations of ash (from lower to higher -Ash1, Ash2, Ash3, Ash4, Ash5-), simulating remanent conditions after forest fires. Carbon and ash were obtained from the native species Ulex europaeus due to its abundancy in Atlantic shrubby ecosystems.</p><p>In control conditions, germination of the three species studied was: <em>D. carota</em> (34.4%), <em>H. foetdum</em> (77.6%) and <em>O. glazioviana</em> (12.0%). The three species showed slightly different responses to fire factors. Carbon slightly reduced germination of native <em>D. carota</em> and stimulated germination of <em>O. glazioviana</em>, but statistically differences were not found with control. Germination response to ash depended on the species and the ash concentration applied. Lower concentrations of ash did not affect germination, intermediate concentrations reduced it, and higher concentrations inhibited germination at all. Regarding the species, both <em>D. carota</em> and <em>O. glazioviana</em> maintained its germination similar to control with Ash1 and Ash2, reduced it with Ash3, and inhibited it with Ash4 and Ash5. Germination of <em>H. foetidum</em> was the most affected. It only remained unaltered with Ash1 and was reduced progressively with Ash2 and Ash3. Treatments Ash4 and Ash5 totally inhibited it, as the other two species studied.</p><p>At high concentrations, ash prevented the germination of the three species. In contrast, carbon did not modify it. After a forest fire, with soil covered by carbon and ash, germination of this species would be reduced or even removed if the concentration of ash is high. The difference success in this species after a forest fire could be explained by the amount of seeds produced or its response to other fire factors as heat or smoke.</p><p>Funding. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Castilla y León Regional Government, the Galicia Regional Government and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the framework of the FIRESEVES (AGL2017-86075-C2-2-R) and WUIFIRECYL (LE005P20) projects and the Competitive Reference BIOAPLIC (ED431C2019/07) and the Strategic Researcher Cluster BioReDeS (ED431E 2018/09).</p>

Effect of charcoal and ash from forest fires on the reproductive behavior of two native species versus two invasive species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Cruz ◽  
Otilia Reyes ◽  
Sheila F. Riveiro
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Ulex Europaeus ◽  
Germination Timing ◽  
Almost All

<p>Forest fires are a global problem that affects almost all parts of the world. Southern Europe has been a fire prone area since prehistoric times. The northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, despite being an area abundant in rainfall, is currently a hotspot for forest fires. Forest fires produce carbon and ash as a result of the combustion of vegetation, these products can affect the germination behavior of plants.</p><p>Due to climate change, forest fires are becoming more severe, more intense and more recurrent, and this context of disturbances facilitates and accelerates the replacement of native species by invasive alien species in many forest ecosystems. For this reason, we propose to compare the role of carbon and ash in the germination of two native species versus two invasive alien species. The two selected native species were <em>Pinus pinaster</em> Aiton and <em>Salix atrocinerea</em> Brot. and the two invasive species <em>Paraserianthes lophanta</em> (Willd.) I.C. Nielsen and <em>Acacia melanoxylon </em>R. Br. For it, 5 concentrations of ash and 1 concentration of carbon from 2 different origins (carbon from the same studied species and carbon from <em>Ulex europaeus</em> L.) were applied to seeds of these species. Mainly it stands out that the control germination of the native species was higher than that of the invasive species and the germination obtained under ash or carbon treatments was always similar or lower than the control germination. The germination obtained with the carbon of the own species was similar to the control germination and significantly higher than that achieved with the carbon of <em>U. europaeus</em>. Germination timing depends on each species studied, and invasive species take longer to complete their germination than native species (30-42 days versus 80-125 days). The carbon of the own species did not modify the germination timing while the carbon of Ulex did it in the two native species.</p><p>Therefore, carbon and ash are two factors that modify the germination behavior of both the native species and the invasive species studied and can be used to manage plant regeneration after forest fire.</p><p><strong>Funding</strong>. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Castilla y León Regional Government, the Galicia Regional Government and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the framework of the FIRESEVES (AGL2017-86075-C2-2-R) and WUIFIRECYL (LE005P20) projects and the Competitive Reference BIOAPLIC (ED431C2019/07) and the Strategic Researcher Cluster BioReDeS (ED431E 2018/09).</p>

scholarly journals Golden jackal, a natural disperser or an invasive alien species in Slovakia? A summary within European context

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Peter Urban ◽  
Nuno Guimarães ◽  
Jozef Bučko
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
European Population ◽  
Golden Jackal ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Fast Adaptation ◽  
Natural Expansion ◽  
Fast Increase

AbstractThis summary provides an overview of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) categorization in Europe with particular focus on its presence in Slovakia. The distribution range of this species in Europe has been expanding in recent decades. Currently, European population is in constant and fast increase, widening their ranges towards Central and Eastern Europe and more recently in some western countries. All over Europe, the categorization of the golden jackal status is discussed with some controversial. A recent genetic study helped to determine that golden jackals do not meet the established three criteria, which categorize a species as an invasive alien species. In Slovakia, golden jackals’ numbers grown considerably in the last decade and with an increasing of their distribution through the country it became a permanent species of the Slovak fauna. The only internal status is the hunting Act no. 274/2009, which classifies it as, game species. The fast adaptation and dispersion through Slovakia can be considered similar to the behaviour of an invasive species, as suggested in previous studies in Hungary. Based on widely accepted definitions, agreed under international legal instruments, it is quite clear that the term ‘Invasive Alien Species’ only encompasses non-native species specifically introduced by humans (intentionally or accidentally). Following this Invasive Alien Species terminology, golden jackals cannot be categorized as such in Slovakia. The natural expansion, the growing ranges, and the increase in numbers of the golden jackal in Slovakia in the last decades points to a need to improve the knowledge of the species.

scholarly journals Population Ecology and Genetic Diversity of the Invasive Alien Species Procambarus clarkii in Lake Trasimeno (Italy)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Ambrosius Josef Martin Dörr ◽  
Melissa Scoparo ◽  
Irene Cardinali ◽  
Gianandrea La Porta ◽  
Barbara Caldaroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Population Ecology ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Management Plans

The deliberate or accidental introduction of invasive alien species (IAS) causes negative ecological and economic impacts altering ecosystem processes, imperiling native species and causing damage to human endeavors. A monthly monitoring program was performed in Lake Trasimeno (Central Italy) from July 2018 to July 2019 in order to provide an upgrade of the population ecology of Procambarus clarkii and to assess the genetic diversity by analyzing the relationships among mitochondrial DNA diversity. Our results confirmed that P. clarkii is well acclimatized in the lake, revealing a stable population structure favored by the resources and conditions typical of this ecosystem, which seem to be optimal for the maintenance of the species. Four distinct mitochondrial haplotypes were detected, but one of them was clearly overrepresented (76%), suggesting that a single predominant introduction event may have occurred in this area, likely followed by secondary events. The identification of the typical genetic variants provides a better understanding of the evolutionary scenarios of P. clarkii in this biotope and it can be helpful in management plans concerning the expanding populations of this invasive alien species.

Ochrona gatunków rodzimych przed inwazjami biologicznymi

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 348-358
Author(s):  
Emilia Nawrotek
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Health And Economic Development ◽  
Economic Well Being

Invasive alien species are a threat to biodiversity and food security, health and economic development. These species are causing enormous damage to biodiversity and the valuable natural agricultural systems upon which we depend. Globalisation, trade, travel, and transport of goods across borders they have facilitated the spread of invasive alien species. The spread of invasive alien species is now recognised as one of the greatest threats to the ecological and economic well being of the planet. The aim of the article is to analyze and attempt to assess the legal regulation relating protection native species against alien invasive species and alien species.

scholarly journals Invasive Alien Species Plants in Sukaraja Atas Resort, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Agus Sayfulloh ◽  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Trio Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Open Land ◽  
Negative Impacts

One of the problems encountered by the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS) is the presence of invasive alien species. Invasive alien species are plants that grow outside their natural distribution and have the ability to cover the area; hence it could suppress the growth of the other plants. The presence of invasive alien species in the national park has been widely reported to cause negative impacts on the ecosystem, local biodiversity, socio-economic, and human health in the vicinity. This study was carried out in the rehabilitation zone of the Sukaraja Atas Resort of TNBBS that had shifted into open land. This study aimed to determine the species and dominance of invasive alien species that exist. The sampling method was used by laying plots consisted of the combination of the line and multiple plot methods with a total plot of 25 plots. Data analysis was performed by selecting invasive alien species observed based related-literature, while the dominance of invasive alien species was calculated by the importance value index (IVI). The results identified 121 species, of which 29 species or 35% of them were classified as invasive alien, which originating from 19 families. Three invasive alien species become the most dominating, namely: Clidemia hirta with an IVI of 22.61, Imperata cylindrica with an IVI of 18.03, and Calliandra calothyrsus with an IVI 17.96. The environmental conditions and species characteristics supported the three invasive alien species domination; hence it inhibited the growth of native species. Keywords:  Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, invasive alien species, rehabilitation zone

scholarly journals Dna c-values of 20 invasive alien species and 3 native species in south china

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1465-1472
Author(s):  
Ni Gong ◽  
Yu-Tao Wang ◽  
Lars Björn ◽  
Shao-Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
South China ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species

scholarly journals Composição arbórea do IFPB - Campus Cajazeiras

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (44) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Airton Danilo De Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Dafi Irenice De Abreu ◽  
George Da Cruz Silva ◽  
Sarahbelle Leitte Cartaxo Meneses
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Education Science ◽  
The City

Due to the growth of Cajazeiras in the last years, the city now has many university campuses, among them the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba (IFPB). Because of this growth in which the buildings take up the space of the vegetation, in conjunction with the necessity of the afforestation to mitigate the effects of the impacts on the environment, mainly the global warming, and to improve the living conditions in these places, this research underlines the identification and analysis of Cajazeiras campus’ afforestation. By the end of the research, it was possible to it was possible to determine the amount of trees in this campus, which adds up the number to 335 arboreal individuals. It was also pointed out that there is a predominance of exotic species, corresponding to a total of 78.14% of all arboreal individuals on campus. Since native species are a small minority, tree biodiversity is compromised, as exotic species predominate and there is a considerable percentage of invasive alien species.

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