Effect of charcoal and ash from forest fires on the reproductive behavior of two native species versus two invasive species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Cruz ◽  
Otilia Reyes ◽  
Sheila F. Riveiro
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Ulex Europaeus ◽  
Germination Timing ◽  
Almost All

<p>Forest fires are a global problem that affects almost all parts of the world. Southern Europe has been a fire prone area since prehistoric times. The northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, despite being an area abundant in rainfall, is currently a hotspot for forest fires. Forest fires produce carbon and ash as a result of the combustion of vegetation, these products can affect the germination behavior of plants.</p><p>Due to climate change, forest fires are becoming more severe, more intense and more recurrent, and this context of disturbances facilitates and accelerates the replacement of native species by invasive alien species in many forest ecosystems. For this reason, we propose to compare the role of carbon and ash in the germination of two native species versus two invasive alien species. The two selected native species were <em>Pinus pinaster</em> Aiton and <em>Salix atrocinerea</em> Brot. and the two invasive species <em>Paraserianthes lophanta</em> (Willd.) I.C. Nielsen and <em>Acacia melanoxylon </em>R. Br. For it, 5 concentrations of ash and 1 concentration of carbon from 2 different origins (carbon from the same studied species and carbon from <em>Ulex europaeus</em> L.) were applied to seeds of these species. Mainly it stands out that the control germination of the native species was higher than that of the invasive species and the germination obtained under ash or carbon treatments was always similar or lower than the control germination. The germination obtained with the carbon of the own species was similar to the control germination and significantly higher than that achieved with the carbon of <em>U. europaeus</em>. Germination timing depends on each species studied, and invasive species take longer to complete their germination than native species (30-42 days versus 80-125 days). The carbon of the own species did not modify the germination timing while the carbon of Ulex did it in the two native species.</p><p>Therefore, carbon and ash are two factors that modify the germination behavior of both the native species and the invasive species studied and can be used to manage plant regeneration after forest fire.</p><p><strong>Funding</strong>. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Castilla y León Regional Government, the Galicia Regional Government and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the framework of the FIRESEVES (AGL2017-86075-C2-2-R) and WUIFIRECYL (LE005P20) projects and the Competitive Reference BIOAPLIC (ED431C2019/07) and the Strategic Researcher Cluster BioReDeS (ED431E 2018/09).</p>

Exploring the effects of carbon and ash derived from forest fires in relation to germination of two invasive alien species and one native species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila F. Riveiro ◽  
Óscar Cruz ◽  
Otilia Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Ulex Europaeus ◽  
Germination Response

<p>Fire is an ecological factor that affects ecosystem structure and functioning and determines later recovery of the ecosystem through the modification of biological processes, such as seed germination and seedling establishment. Another factor that modifies ecosystems is the presence of invasive alien species, which easily colonize new habitats after disturbances such as forest fires. Within this research, we analyzed the germination response to fire trough carbon and ash of three species that share habitat, one native species (<em>Daucus carota</em> L.) and two invasive alien species (<em>Helichrysum foetidum</em> (L.) Moench and <em>Oenothera glazioviana</em> Micheli) to identify and compare the effects of carbon and ash on the germination of these three species. For this purpose, germination tests were performed by using seeds treated with carbon and five concentrations of ash (from lower to higher -Ash1, Ash2, Ash3, Ash4, Ash5-), simulating remanent conditions after forest fires. Carbon and ash were obtained from the native species Ulex europaeus due to its abundancy in Atlantic shrubby ecosystems.</p><p>In control conditions, germination of the three species studied was: <em>D. carota</em> (34.4%), <em>H. foetdum</em> (77.6%) and <em>O. glazioviana</em> (12.0%). The three species showed slightly different responses to fire factors. Carbon slightly reduced germination of native <em>D. carota</em> and stimulated germination of <em>O. glazioviana</em>, but statistically differences were not found with control. Germination response to ash depended on the species and the ash concentration applied. Lower concentrations of ash did not affect germination, intermediate concentrations reduced it, and higher concentrations inhibited germination at all. Regarding the species, both <em>D. carota</em> and <em>O. glazioviana</em> maintained its germination similar to control with Ash1 and Ash2, reduced it with Ash3, and inhibited it with Ash4 and Ash5. Germination of <em>H. foetidum</em> was the most affected. It only remained unaltered with Ash1 and was reduced progressively with Ash2 and Ash3. Treatments Ash4 and Ash5 totally inhibited it, as the other two species studied.</p><p>At high concentrations, ash prevented the germination of the three species. In contrast, carbon did not modify it. After a forest fire, with soil covered by carbon and ash, germination of this species would be reduced or even removed if the concentration of ash is high. The difference success in this species after a forest fire could be explained by the amount of seeds produced or its response to other fire factors as heat or smoke.</p><p>Funding. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Castilla y León Regional Government, the Galicia Regional Government and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the framework of the FIRESEVES (AGL2017-86075-C2-2-R) and WUIFIRECYL (LE005P20) projects and the Competitive Reference BIOAPLIC (ED431C2019/07) and the Strategic Researcher Cluster BioReDeS (ED431E 2018/09).</p>

Ochrona gatunków rodzimych przed inwazjami biologicznymi

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 348-358
Author(s):  
Emilia Nawrotek
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Health And Economic Development ◽  
Economic Well Being

Invasive alien species are a threat to biodiversity and food security, health and economic development. These species are causing enormous damage to biodiversity and the valuable natural agricultural systems upon which we depend. Globalisation, trade, travel, and transport of goods across borders they have facilitated the spread of invasive alien species. The spread of invasive alien species is now recognised as one of the greatest threats to the ecological and economic well being of the planet. The aim of the article is to analyze and attempt to assess the legal regulation relating protection native species against alien invasive species and alien species.

scholarly journals Marine Macroalgae: Prospective Hitchhikers of Ship Ballast

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temjensangba Imchen
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Dark Stress ◽  
Transfer Potential

Invasive alien species, on successful establishment, can displace native species. The threat of invasive species arises in view of their ability to outcompete and destabilize native biodiversity. Invasive species are found across all taxonomic groups of plants, animals and microorganisms. The green macroalga Ulva flexuosa has a potential to become invasive and this species was investigated for its hitchhiking potential under laboratory conditions. Zoospores of U. flexuosa were maintained at 4°C for nearly 10 months in the dark. Recruitment potential of zoospores after dark stress was tested in a modified Provasoli medium under optimal laboratoryconditions. The success rate of zoospore recruitment was 61%. The paper describes the transfer potential through shipping activities by correlating the Ulva zoospores recruitment potential and survivability.

scholarly journals Golden jackal, a natural disperser or an invasive alien species in Slovakia? A summary within European context

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Peter Urban ◽  
Nuno Guimarães ◽  
Jozef Bučko
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
European Population ◽  
Golden Jackal ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Fast Adaptation ◽  
Natural Expansion ◽  
Fast Increase

AbstractThis summary provides an overview of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) categorization in Europe with particular focus on its presence in Slovakia. The distribution range of this species in Europe has been expanding in recent decades. Currently, European population is in constant and fast increase, widening their ranges towards Central and Eastern Europe and more recently in some western countries. All over Europe, the categorization of the golden jackal status is discussed with some controversial. A recent genetic study helped to determine that golden jackals do not meet the established three criteria, which categorize a species as an invasive alien species. In Slovakia, golden jackals’ numbers grown considerably in the last decade and with an increasing of their distribution through the country it became a permanent species of the Slovak fauna. The only internal status is the hunting Act no. 274/2009, which classifies it as, game species. The fast adaptation and dispersion through Slovakia can be considered similar to the behaviour of an invasive species, as suggested in previous studies in Hungary. Based on widely accepted definitions, agreed under international legal instruments, it is quite clear that the term ‘Invasive Alien Species’ only encompasses non-native species specifically introduced by humans (intentionally or accidentally). Following this Invasive Alien Species terminology, golden jackals cannot be categorized as such in Slovakia. The natural expansion, the growing ranges, and the increase in numbers of the golden jackal in Slovakia in the last decades points to a need to improve the knowledge of the species.

scholarly journals TrIAS, leveraging citizen science data to monitor invasive species in Belgium

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e24749
Author(s):  
Quentin Groom ◽  
Tim Adriaens ◽  
Damiano Oldoni ◽  
Lien Reyserhove ◽  
Diederik Strubbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Common View ◽  
Indispensable Tool

Reducing the damage caused by invasive species requires a community approach informed by rapidly mobilized data. Even if local stakeholders work together, invasive species do not respect borders, and national, continental and global policies are required. Yet, in general, data on invasive species are slow to be mobilized, often of insufficient quality for their intended application and distributed among many stakeholders and their organizations, including scientists, land managers, and citizen scientists. The Belgian situation is typical. We struggle with the fragmentation of data sources and restrictions to data mobility. Nevertheless, there is a common view that the issue of invasive alien species needs to be addressed. In 2017 we launched the Tracking Invasive Alien Species (TrIAS) project, which envisages a future where alien species data are rapidly mobilized, the spread of exotic species is regularly monitored, and potential impacts and risks are rapidly evaluated in support of policy decisions (Vanderhoeven et al. 2017). TrIAS is building a seamless, data-driven workflow, from raw data to policy support documentation. TrIAS brings together 21 different stakeholder organizations that covering all organisms in the terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. These organizations also include those involved in citizen science, research and wildlife management. TrIAS is an Open Science project and all the software, data and documentation are being shared openly (Groom et al. 2018). This means that the workflow can be reused as a whole or in part, either after the project or in different countries. We hope to prove that rapid data workflows are not only an indispensable tool in the control of invasive species, but also for integrating and motivating the citizens and organizations involved.

scholarly journals Aliens in the Aegean – a sea under siege (ALAS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelios Katsanevakis ◽  
Konstantinos Tsirintanis ◽  
Maria Sini ◽  
Vasilis Gerovasileiou ◽  
Nikoletta Koukourouvli
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Cumulative Impacts ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Marine Habitats

ALAS aims to fill knowledge gaps on the impacts of marine alien species in the Aegean Sea, and support marine managers and policy makers in prioritizing mitigation actions. The project will focus on under-studied alien-native interactions, priority and vulnerable habitats (such as shallow forests of canopy algae and underwater caves), and apply a multitude of approaches. It will apply a standardized, quantitative method for mapping Cumulative IMpacts of invasive Alien species on marine ecosystems (CIMPAL), according to which cumulative impact scores are estimated on the basis of the distributions of invasive species and ecosystems, and both the reported magnitude of ecological impacts and the strength of such evidence. Towards that direction, ALAS will improve our knowledge base and compile the needed information to estimate CIMPAL by (1) conducting a series of field experiments and surveys to investigate the impacts of selected invasive alien species on marine habitats, (2) producing high-resolution habitat maps in the coastal zone, refining the results of previous research efforts through fieldwork, remote sensing and satellite imaging, (3) producing species distribution models for all invasive species, based on extensive underwater surveys for the collection of new data and integrating all existing information. ALAS will incorporate skills and analyses in novel ways and provide high-resolution results at a large scale; couple classic and novel tools and follow a trans-disciplinary approach, combining knowledge from the fields of invasion biology, conservation biology, biogeography, fisheries science, marine ecology, remote sensing, statistical modelling; conduct for the first time in the Aegean Sea a comprehensive, high-resolution analysis of cumulative impacts of invasive alien species; and report results in formats appropriate for decision-makers and society, thus transferring research-based knowledge to inform and influence policy decisions.

scholarly journals Analysing global economic costs of invasive alien species with the invacost R package

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Leroy ◽  
Andrew M Kramer ◽  
Anne-Charlotte Vaissière ◽  
Franck Courchamp ◽  
Christophe Diagne
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
R Package ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Global Database

Aim: Large-scale datasets are becoming increasingly available for macroecological research from different disciplines. However, learning their specific extraction and analytical requirements can become prohibitively time-consuming for researchers. We argue that this issue can be tackled with the provision of methodological frameworks published in open-source software. We illustrate this solution with the invacost R package, an open-source software designed to query and analyse the global database on reported economic costs of invasive alien species, InvaCost. Innovations: First, the invacost package provides updates of this dynamic database directly in the analytical environment R. Second, it helps understand the nature of economic cost data for invasive species, their harmonisation process, and the inherent biases associated with such data. Third, it readily provides complementary methods to query and analyse the costs of invasive species at the global scale, all the while accounting for econometric statistical issues. Main conclusions: This tool will be useful for scientists working on invasive alien species, by (i) facilitating access and use to this multi-disciplinary data resource and (ii) providing a standard procedure which will facilitate reproducibility and comparability of studies, one of the major critics of this topic until now. We discuss how the development of this R package was designed as an enforcement of general recommendations for transparency, reproducibility and comparability of science in the era of big data in ecology.

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