scholarly journals A global, space-based stratospheric aerosol climatology: 1979 to 2016

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry W. Thomason ◽  
Nicholas Ernest ◽  
Luis Millán ◽  
Landon Rieger ◽  
Adam Bourassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Satellite Observation ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
New Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Space Instruments ◽  
Global Space ◽  
Free Data

Abstract. We describe the construction of a continuous 38-year record of stratospheric aerosol optical properties. The Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology, or GloSSAC, provided the input data to the construction of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project stratospheric aerosol forcing data set (1979 to 2014) and we have extended it through 2016 following an identical process. GloSSAC focuses on the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) series of instruments through mid-2005 and on the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) data thereafter. We also use data from other space instruments and from ground-based, air and balloon borne instruments to fill in key gaps in the data set. The end result is a global and gap-free data set focused on aerosol extinction coefficient at 525 and 1020 nm and other parameters on an as available basis. For the primary data sets, we developed a new method for filling the post-Pinatubo eruption data gap for 1991 to 1993 based on data from the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer. In addition, we developed a new method for populating wintertime high latitudes during the SAGE period employing a latitude-equivalent latitude conversion process that greatly improves the depiction of aerosol at high latitudes compared to earlier similar efforts. We report data in the troposphere only when and where it is available. This is primarily during the SAGE II period except the most enhanced part of the Pinatubo period. It is likely that the upper troposphere during Pinatubo was greatly enhanced over non-volcanic periods and that domain remains substantially under characterized. We note that aerosol levels during the OSIRIS/CALIPSO period in the lower stratosphere at mid and high latitudes is routinely higher than what we observed during the SAGE II period. While this period had nearly continuous low-level volcanic activity, it is possible that the enhancement in part reflects deficiencies in the data set. We also expended substantial effort to quality assess the data set and the product is by far the best we have produced. GloSSAC version 1.0 is available in netCDF format at the NASA Atmospheric Data Center at https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/. GloSSAC users should cite this paper and the data set DOI (10.5067/GloSSAC-L3-V1.0).

scholarly journals A global space-based stratospheric aerosol climatology: 1979–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry W. Thomason ◽  
Nicholas Ernest ◽  
Luis Millán ◽  
Landon Rieger ◽  
Adam Bourassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Satellite Observation ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
New Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Space Instruments ◽  
Global Space ◽  
Free Data

Abstract. We describe the construction of a continuous 38-year record of stratospheric aerosol optical properties. The Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology, or GloSSAC, provided the input data to the construction of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project stratospheric aerosol forcing data set (1979–2014) and we have extended it through 2016 following an identical process. GloSSAC focuses on the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) series of instruments through mid-2005, and on the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) data thereafter. We also use data from other space instruments and from ground-based, air, and balloon borne instruments to fill in key gaps in the data set. The end result is a global and gap-free data set focused on aerosol extinction coefficient at 525 and 1020 nm and other parameters on an “as available” basis. For the primary data sets, we developed a new method for filling the post-Pinatubo eruption data gap for 1991–1993 based on data from the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer. In addition, we developed a new method for populating wintertime high latitudes during the SAGE period employing a latitude-equivalent latitude conversion process that greatly improves the depiction of aerosol at high latitudes compared to earlier similar efforts. We report data in the troposphere only when and where it is available. This is primarily during the SAGE II period except for the most enhanced part of the Pinatubo period. It is likely that the upper troposphere during Pinatubo was greatly enhanced over non-volcanic periods and that domain remains substantially under-characterized. We note that aerosol levels during the OSIRIS/CALIPSO period in the lower stratosphere at mid- and high latitudes is routinely higher than what we observed during the SAGE II period. While this period had nearly continuous low-level volcanic activity, it is possible that the enhancement in part reflects deficiencies in the data set. We also expended substantial effort to quality assess the data set and the product is by far the best we have produced. GloSSAC version 1.0 is available in netCDF format at the NASA Atmospheric Data Center at https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/. GloSSAC users should cite this paper and the data set DOI (https://doi.org/10.5067/GloSSAC-L3-V1.0).

scholarly journals The Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (version 2.0): 1979–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2607-2634
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kovilakam ◽  
Larry W. Thomason ◽  
Nicholas Ernest ◽  
Landon Rieger ◽  
Adam Bourassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Variable Component ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Global Space ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
532 Nm

Abstract. A robust stratospheric aerosol climate data record enables the depiction of the radiative forcing of this highly variable component of climate. In addition to the radiative forcing, stratospheric aerosol also plays a key role in the chemical processes leading to ozone depletion. Therefore, stratospheric aerosol is one of the crucial parameters in understanding climate change in the past and potential changes in the future. As a part of Stratospheric-tropospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) Stratospheric Sulfur and its Role in Climate (SSiRC) activity, the Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (GloSSAC) was created (Thomason et al., 2018) to support the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) (Eyring et al., 2016). This data set is a follow-on to one created as a part of SPARC's Assessment of Stratospheric Aerosol Properties (ASAP) activity (SPARC, 2006) and a data created for the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) in 2012 (Eyring and Lamarque, 2012). Herein, we discuss changes to the original release version including those as a part of v1.1 that was released in September 2018 that primarily corrects an error in the conversion of Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) data to Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II wavelengths, as well as the new release, v2.0. Version 2.0 is focused on improving the post-SAGE II era (after 2005) with the goal of mitigating elevated aerosol extinction in the lower stratosphere at mid- and high latitudes noted in v1.0 as noted in Thomason et al. (2018). Changes include the use of version 7.0 of the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS), the recently released Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar Level 3 stratospheric aerosol profile monthly product and the new addition of SAGE III/ISS. Here, we use an observed relationship between (i) OSIRIS extinction at 750 nm and (ii) SAGE II and SAGE III/ISS extinction at 525 nm to derive an altitude–latitude-based monthly climatology of Ångström exponent to compute OSIRIS extinction at 525 nm, resulting in a better agreement between OSIRIS and SAGE measurements. We employ a similar approach to convert OSIRIS 750 nm extinction to 1020 nm extinction for the post-SAGE II period. Additionally, we incorporate the recently released standard CALIPSO stratospheric aerosol profile monthly product into GloSSAC with an improved conversion technique of the 532 nm backscatter coefficient to extinction using an observed relationship between OSIRIS 525 nm extinction and CALIPSO 532 nm backscatter. SAGE III/ISS data are also incorporated in GloSSAC to extend the climatology to the present and to test the approach used to correct OSIRIS/CALIPSO data. The GloSSAC v2.0 netCDF file is accessible at https://doi.org/10.5067/glossac-l3-v2.0 (Thomason, 2020).

scholarly journals Chemistry-climate model simulations of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption using CCMI and CMIP6 stratospheric aerosol data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Revell ◽  
Andrea Stenke ◽  
Beiping Luo ◽  
Stefanie Kremser ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
Climate Model Simulations

Abstract. To simulate the impacts of volcanic eruptions on the stratosphere, chemistry-climate models that do not include an online aerosol module require temporally and spatially resolved aerosol size parameters for heterogeneous chemistry and aerosol radiative properties as a function of wavelength. For phase 1 of the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1) and, later, for phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) two such stratospheric aerosol data sets were compiled, whose functional capability and representativeness are compared here. For CCMI-1, the SAGE-4λ data set was compiled, which hinges on the measurements at four wavelengths of the SAGE (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) II satellite instrument and uses ground-based Lidar measurements for gap-filling immediately after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, when the stratosphere was optically opaque for SAGE II. For CMIP6, the new SAGE-3λ data set was compiled, which excludes the least reliable SAGE II wavelength and uses CLAES (Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer) measurements on UARS, the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, for gap-filling following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption instead of ground-based Lidars. Here, we performed SOCOLv3 (Solar Climate Ozone Links version 3) chemistry-climate model simulations of the recent past (1986–2005) to investigate the impact of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991 on stratospheric temperature and ozone and how this response differs depending on which aerosol data set is applied. The use of SAGE-4λ results in heating and ozone loss being overestimated in the lower stratosphere compared to observations in the post-eruption period by approximately 3 K and 0.2 ppmv, respectively. However, less heating occurs in the model simulations based on SAGE-3λ, because the improved gap-filling procedures after the eruption lead to less aerosol loading in the tropical lower stratosphere. As a result, simulated temperature anomalies in the model simulations based on SAGE-3λ for CMIP6 are in excellent agreement with MERRA and ERA-Interim reanalyses in the post-eruption period. Less heating in the simulations with SAGE-3λ means that the rate of tropical upwelling does not strengthen as much as it does in the simulations with SAGE-4λ, which limits dynamical uplift of ozone and therefore provides more time for ozone to accumulate in tropical mid-stratospheric air. Ozone loss following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption is overestimated by 0.1 ppmv in the model simulations based on SAGE-3λ, which is a better agreement with observations than in the simulations based on SAGE-4λ. Overall, the CMIP6 stratospheric aerosol data set, SAGE-3λ, allows SOCOLv3 to more accurately simulate the post-Pinatubo eruption period.

scholarly journals A Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (Version 2.0): 1979–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kovilakam ◽  
Larry Thomason ◽  
Nicholas Ernest ◽  
Landon Rieger ◽  
Adam Bourassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Angstrom Exponent ◽  
Global Space ◽  
Ångström Exponent ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
532 Nm ◽  
Ångstrom Exponent

Abstract. A robust stratospheric aerosol climate data record enables the depiction of the radiative forcing of this highly variable component of climate. Since stratospheric aerosol also plays a key role in the chemical processes leading to ozone depletion, stratosphere is one of the crucial parameters in understanding climate change in the past and potential changes in the future. As a part of Stratospheric-tropospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) Stratospheric Sulfur and its Role in Climate (SSiRC) activity, the Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (GloSSAC) was created (Thomason et al., 2018) to support the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)’s Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) (Zanchettin et al., 2016). This data set is a follow-on to one created as a part of Stratosphere-Troposphere Process and their Role in Climate Project (SPARC)’s Assessment of Stratospheric Aerosol Properties (ASAP) activity(SPARC, 2006) and a data created for Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) in 2012 (Eyring and Lamarque, 2012). Herein, we discuss changes to the original release version including those as a part of v1.1 that was released in September 2018 that primarily corrects an error in the conversion of Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) data to Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II wavelengths, and the new release, v2.0. Version 2.0 is focused on improving the post-SAGE II era (after 2005) with the goal to mitigate elevated aerosol extinction in the lower stratosphere at mid and high latitudes noted in v1.0 as noted in Thomason et al. (2018). Changes include the use of version 7.0 of Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System(OSIRIS), the recently released Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) Lidar Level 3 Stratospheric Aerosol profile monthly product, and the new addition of SAGE III/ISS. Although, the version 7.0 OSIRIS data is substantially improved at its native wavelength of 750 nm, conversion to 525 nm using a constant Angstrom exponent often results in disagreements with SAGEII/ SAGE III/ISS overlap measurements. We, therefore use an observed relationship between OSIRIS extinction at 750 nm and SAGEII/SAGE III/ISS extinction at 525 nm to derive Altitude-Latitude based monthly climatology of Angstrom exponent to compute extinction at 525 nm, resulting in a better agreement between OSIRIS and SAGE measurements. We employ a similar approach to convert OSIRIS 750 nm extinction to 1020 nm extinction for the post-SAGEII period. Additionally, we incorporate the recently released standard CALIPSO stratospheric aerosol profile monthly product into GloSSAC with an improved conversion technique of 532 nm backscatter coefficient to extinction using an observed relationship between OSIRIS 525 nm extinction and CALIPSO 532 nm backscatter. We also investigate for any cloud contamination in OSIRIS/standard CALIPSO stratospheric aerosol product, which may have caused apparent enhancement in the aerosol extinction particularly in the lower stratosphere. SAGE III/ISS data is also incorporated in GloSSAC to extend the climatology to the present and to test the approach used to correct OSIRIS/CALIPSO data. The GloSSAC v2.0 netcdf file is accessible at https://doi.org/10.5067/glossac-l3-v2.0 (Thomason, 2020).

scholarly journals Volcanic forcing for climate modeling: a new microphysics-based data set covering years 1600–present

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Arfeuille ◽  
D. Weisenstein ◽  
H. Mack ◽  
E. Rozanov ◽  
T. Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Volcanic Forcing

Abstract. As the understanding and representation of the impacts of volcanic eruptions on climate have improved in the last decades, uncertainties in the stratospheric aerosol forcing from large eruptions are now linked not only to visible optical depth estimates on a global scale but also to details on the size, latitude and altitude distributions of the stratospheric aerosols. Based on our understanding of these uncertainties, we propose a new model-based approach to generating a volcanic forcing for general circulation model (GCM) and chemistry–climate model (CCM) simulations. This new volcanic forcing, covering the 1600–present period, uses an aerosol microphysical model to provide a realistic, physically consistent treatment of the stratospheric sulfate aerosols. Twenty-six eruptions were modeled individually using the latest available ice cores aerosol mass estimates and historical data on the latitude and date of eruptions. The evolution of aerosol spatial and size distribution after the sulfur dioxide discharge are hence characterized for each volcanic eruption. Large variations are seen in hemispheric partitioning and size distributions in relation to location/date of eruptions and injected SO2 masses. Results for recent eruptions show reasonable agreement with observations. By providing these new estimates of spatial distributions of shortwave and long-wave radiative perturbations, this volcanic forcing may help to better constrain the climate model responses to volcanic eruptions in the 1600–present period. The final data set consists of 3-D values (with constant longitude) of spectrally resolved extinction coefficients, single scattering albedos and asymmetry factors calculated for different wavelength bands upon request. Surface area densities for heterogeneous chemistry are also provided.

scholarly journals Impacts of Mt Pinatubo volcanic aerosol on the tropical stratosphere in chemistry–climate model simulations using CCMI and CMIP6 stratospheric aerosol data

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 13139-13150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Revell ◽  
Andrea Stenke ◽  
Beiping Luo ◽  
Stefanie Kremser ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
Climate Model Simulations

Abstract. To simulate the impacts of volcanic eruptions on the stratosphere, chemistry–climate models that do not include an online aerosol module require temporally and spatially resolved aerosol size parameters for heterogeneous chemistry and aerosol radiative properties as a function of wavelength. For phase 1 of the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1) and, later, for phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) two such stratospheric aerosol data sets were compiled, whose functional capability and representativeness are compared here. For CCMI-1, the SAGE-4λ data set was compiled, which hinges on the measurements at four wavelengths of the SAGE (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) II satellite instrument and uses ground-based lidar measurements for gap-filling immediately after the 1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption, when the stratosphere was too optically opaque for SAGE II. For CMIP6, the new SAGE-3λ data set was compiled, which excludes the least reliable SAGE II wavelength and uses measurements from CLAES (Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer) on UARS, the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, for gap-filling following the Mt Pinatubo eruption instead of ground-based lidars. Here, we performed SOCOLv3 (Solar Climate Ozone Links version 3) chemistry–climate model simulations of the recent past (1986–2005) to investigate the impact of the Mt Pinatubo eruption in 1991 on stratospheric temperature and ozone and how this response differs depending on which aerosol data set is applied. The use of SAGE-4λ results in heating and ozone loss being overestimated in the tropical lower stratosphere compared to observations in the post-eruption period by approximately 3 K and 0.2 ppmv, respectively. However, less heating occurs in the model simulations based on SAGE-3λ, because the improved gap-filling procedures after the eruption lead to less aerosol loading in the tropical lower stratosphere. As a result, simulated tropical temperature anomalies in the model simulations based on SAGE-3λ for CMIP6 are in excellent agreement with MERRA and ERA-Interim reanalyses in the post-eruption period. Less heating in the simulations with SAGE-3λ means that the rate of tropical upwelling does not strengthen as much as it does in the simulations with SAGE-4λ, which limits dynamical uplift of ozone and therefore provides more time for ozone to accumulate in tropical mid-stratospheric air. Ozone loss following the Mt Pinatubo eruption is overestimated by up to 0.1 ppmv in the model simulations based on SAGE-3λ, which is a better agreement with observations than in the simulations based on SAGE-4λ. Overall, the CMIP6 stratospheric aerosol data set, SAGE-3λ, allows SOCOLv3 to more accurately simulate the post-Pinatubo eruption period.

scholarly journals Retrieval of ozone profiles from OMPS limb scattering observations

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2135-2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Arosio ◽  
Alexei Rozanov ◽  
Elizaveta Malinina ◽  
Kai-Uwe Eichmann ◽  
Thomas von Clarmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Altitude Range ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Scanning Imaging ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
The University ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. This study describes a retrieval algorithm developed at the University of Bremen to obtain vertical profiles of ozone from limb observations performed by the Ozone Mapper and Profiler Suite (OMPS). This algorithm is based on the technique originally developed for use with data from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) instrument. As both instruments make limb measurements of the scattered solar radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) spectral ranges, an underlying objective of the study is to obtain consolidated and consistent ozone profiles from the two satellites and to produce a combined data set. The retrieval algorithm uses radiances in the UV and Vis wavelength ranges normalized to the radiance at an upper tangent height to obtain ozone concentrations in the altitude range of 12–60 km. Measurements at altitudes contaminated by clouds in the instrument field of view are identified and filtered out. An independent aerosol retrieval is performed beforehand and its results are used to account for the stratospheric aerosol load in the ozone inversion. The typical vertical resolution of the retrieved profiles varies from  ∼  2.5 km at lower altitudes ( < 30 km) to  ∼  1.5 km (about 45 km) and becomes coarser at upper altitudes. The retrieval errors resulting from the measurement noise are estimated to be 1–4 % above 25 km, increasing to 10–30 % in the upper troposphere. OMPS data are processed for the whole of 2016. The results are compared with the NASA product and validated against profiles derived from passive satellite observations or measured in situ by balloon-borne sondes. Between 20 and 60 km, OMPS ozone profiles typically agree with data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) v4.2 within 5–10 %, whereas in the lower altitude range the bias becomes larger, especially in the tropics. The comparison of OMPS profiles with ozonesonde measurements shows differences within ±5 % between 13 and 30 km at northern middle and high latitudes. At southern middle and high latitudes, an agreement within 5–7 % is also achieved in the same altitude range. An unexpected bias of approximately 10–20 % is detected in the lower tropical stratosphere. The processing of the 2013 data set using the same retrieval settings and its validation against ozonesondes reveals a much smaller bias; a possible reason for this behaviour is discussed.

scholarly journals Reevaluation of stratospheric ozone trends from SAGE II data using a simultaneous temporal and spatial analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 17681-17725 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Damadeo ◽  
J. M. Zawodny ◽  
L. W. Thomason
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
New Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multiple Data Sets ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract. This paper details a new method of regression for sparsely sampled data sets for use with time-series analysis, in particular the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II ozone data set. Non-uniform spatial, temporal, and diurnal sampling present in the data set result in biased values for the long-term trend if not accounted for. This new method is performed close to the native resolution of measurements and is a simultaneous temporal and spatial analysis that accounts for any potential diurnal variation. Results show declines in ozone similar to other studies but very different trends in the recovery period. The regression model allows for a variable turnaround time and reveals a~hemispheric asymmetry in the middle to upper stratosphere. Similar methodology is also applied to SAGE II aerosol optical depth data to create a new volcanic proxy that covers the SAGE II mission period. Ultimately this technique may be extensible towards the inclusion of multiple data sets without the need for homogenization.

A New Approach for the Analysis of Mixture Toxicity Data

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2345-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Mixture Toxicity ◽  
New Method ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Negative Interactions

A new method for the quantitative analysis of multiple toxicity data is described and illustrated using a data set on metal exposure to copepods. Positive interactions are observed for Ni-Pb and Pb-Cr, with weak negative interactions observed for Ni-Cr.

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