scholarly journals Application of unsupervised pattern recognition approaches for exploration of rare earth elements in Se-Chahun iron ore, central Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Sarparandeh ◽  
Ardeshir Hezarkhani
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Hidden Information ◽  
Icp Ms

Abstract. The use of efficient methods for data processing has always been of interest to researchers in the field of earth sciences. Pattern recognition techniques are appropriate methods for high-dimensional data such as geochemical data. Evaluation of the geochemical distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) requires the use of such methods. In particular, the multivariate nature of REE data makes them a good target for numerical analysis. The main subject of this paper is application of unsupervised pattern recognition approaches in evaluating geochemical distribution of REEs in the Kiruna type magnetite–apatite deposit of Se-Chahun. For this purpose, 42 bulk lithology samples were collected from the Se-Chahun iron ore deposit. In this study, 14 rare earth elements were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Pattern recognition makes it possible to evaluate the relations between the samples based on all these 14 features, simultaneously. In addition to providing easy solutions, discovery of the hidden information and relations of data samples is the advantage of these methods. Therefore, four clustering methods (unsupervised pattern recognition) – including a modified basic sequential algorithmic scheme (MBSAS), hierarchical (agglomerative) clustering, k-means clustering and self-organizing map (SOM) – were applied and results were evaluated using the silhouette criterion. Samples were clustered in four types. Finally, the results of this study were validated with geological facts and analysis results from, for example, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ICP-MS and optical mineralogy. The results of the k-means clustering and SOM methods have the best matches with reality, with experimental studies of samples and with field surveys. Since only the rare earth elements are used in this division, a good agreement of the results with lithology is considerable. It is concluded that the combination of the proposed methods and geological studies leads to finding some hidden information, and this approach has the best results compared to using only one of them.

scholarly journals Application of unsupervised pattern recognition approaches for exploration of rare earth elements in Se-Chahun iron ore, central Iran

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Sarparandeh ◽  
Ardeshir Hezarkhani
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Hidden Information ◽  
Icp Ms

Abstract. The use of efficient methods for data processing has always been of interest by researchers in the field of earth science. Pattern recognition techniques are appropriate methods for high-dimensional data such as geochemical data. Evaluation of geochemical distribution of REEs needs to use such methods. Especially multivariate nature of REEs data makes it a good target for numerical analysis. The main subject of this paper is application of unsupervised pattern recognition approaches in evaluating geochemical distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) in the Kiruna type magnetite–apatite deposit of Se-Chahun. For this purpose, 42 bulk lithology samples were collected from Se-Chahun iron ore deposit. In this study, 14 rare earth elements were measured with ICP-MS. Pattern recognition makes it possible to evaluate the relations between the samples based on all these 14 features, simultaneously. In addition to providing easy solutions, discovery of the hidden information and relations of data samples is the advantage of these methods. Therefore, four clustering methods (unsupervised pattern recognition) including modified basic sequential algorithmic scheme (MBSAS), hierarchical (agglomerative), k-means and self-organizing map (SOM) were applied and results were evaluated using silhouette criterion. Samples were clustered in four types. Finally, the results of this study were validated with geological facts, and analysis results such as SEM, XRD, ICP-MS and optical mineralogy. The results of k-means and SOM have the best matches with reality, experimental studies of samples and also field surveys. Since only the rare earth elements are used in this division, a good agreement of the results with lithology is considerable. It concluded that the combination of the proposed methods and geological studies, leads to finding some hidden information and this approach has the best results compared to using only one of them.

Preliminary characteristics of rare earth elements and other trace elements in fine-grained deposits from the Triassic-Jurassic transition in the former Mid-Polish Trough

2018 ◽  
Vol 472 (472) ◽  
pp. 255-270
Author(s):  
Paweł BRAŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks

Fine-grained siliciclastic rocks from the Triassic-Jurassic transition (Rhaetian–Hettangian) in the former Mid-Polish Trough were the subject of the geochemical study at the Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute in Warsaw. Ninety-four samples of claystones and mudstones from six archived drill cores were analysed by ICP-MS and XRF for rare earth elements (REE) and other trace elements. The results indicate that the sources of most of the claystones and mudstones were sedimentary rocks of the upper continental crust of old cratonic areas, where the protolith had a moderately felsic character. Weathering and recycling processes modified the original chemical composition to some extent. However, during Rhaetian and early Hettangian, some geochemical data in the south-eastern segment of the MPT suggest significant input from a mafic volcanic protolith. Moreover, a clear enrichment in rare-earth elements was observed in few samples, caused by admixtures of accessory minerals (being a main carrier of REE). Nevertheless, based on currently obtained data, the Rhaetian–Hettangian concentrations of REE (and other trace elements) in the MPT are low and they are of scientific indicative significance, not of raw material importance.

Geochemical characteristics and geologic significance of rare earth elements in oil shale of the Yan’an Formation in the Tanshan area, in the Liupanshan Basin, China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Lianfu Hai ◽  
Qinghai Xu ◽  
Caixia Mu ◽  
Rui Tao ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Ree Distribution ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

In the Tanshan area, which is at the Liupanshui Basin, abundant oil shale resources are associated with coals. We analyzed the cores, geochemistry of rare earth elements (REE) and trace element of oil shale with ICP-MS technology to define the palaeo-sedimentary environment, material source and geological significance of oil shale in this area. The results of the summed compositions of REE, and the total REE contents (SREE), in the Yan'an Formation oil shale are slightly higher than the global average of the composition of the upper continental crustal (UCC) and are lower than that of North American shales. The REE distribution pattern is characterized by right-inclined enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) and relative loss of heavy rare earth elements (HREE), which reflects the characteristics of crustal source deposition. There is a moderate degree of differentiation among LREE, while the differences among HREE are not obvious. The dEu values show a weak negative anomaly and the dCe values show no anomaly, which are generally consistent with the distribution of REE in the upper crust. The characteristics of REE and trace elements indicate that the oil shale formed in an oxygen-poor reducing environment and that the paleoclimatic conditions were relatively warm and humid. The degree of differentiation of REE indicates that the sedimentation rate in the study area was low, which reflected the characteristics of relatively deep sedimentary water bodies and distant source areas. The results also proved that the source rock mainly consisted of calcareous mudstone, and a small amount of granite was also mixed in.

Effective procedures for the determination of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Th, Zn, U and rare earth elements in plants and foodstuffs

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 4094-4103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Pollo Paniz ◽  
Tatiana Pedron ◽  
Bruna Moreira Freire ◽  
Daiane Placido Torres ◽  
Fábio Ferreira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Effective Procedures

There are several international regulations regarding trace elements. The use of ICP-MS for their determination is usually a difficult task, especially when Hg is one of the target elements.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Mineral and Nutraceutical Profiles of Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) Grown in Organic and Conventional Fields of Valdichiana, a Traditional Cultivation Area of Tuscany, Italy

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Stefano Loppi ◽  
Riccardo Fedeli ◽  
Giulia Canali ◽  
Massimo Guarnieri ◽  
Stefano Biagiotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Reference Plant

In the Valdichiana area (Tuscany, Italy) an ancient native landrace of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.), locally known as “Aglione della Valdichiana”, has long been cultivated. The aim of this study was to check whether there are differences in the mineral and nutraceutical profiles of the Aglione della Valdichiana cultivated conventionally and organically. Based on the analysis by ICP-MS of a wide array of major, minor, essential, and non-essential trace elements as well as rare earth elements, and the evaluation of the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidants, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, and starch, as well as the weight and water content, it was concluded that differences in the mineral and nutraceutical profiles of organically and conventionally grown bulbs were very limited. Only a statistically (p < 0.05) higher concentration of Cd (+2620%), Co (+113%), Mn (+55%), Rb (+180%), and Sb (+180%), as well as glucose (+37%) in conventionally cultivated bulbs emerged. Cadmium was the only element slightly higher than in the “reference plant,” but with a negligible risk (three orders of magnitude lower) for human health based on consumption. It is concluded that we failed to find evidence of healthier food or a higher nutraceutical quality for organically cultivated elephant garlic.

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