scholarly journals Impact of changes in climate and CO<sub>2</sub> on the carbon-sequestration potential of vegetation under limited water availability using SEIB-DGVM version 3.02

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanlin Tong ◽  
Weiguang Wang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Chong-Yu Xu ◽  
Hisashi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Vegetation Biomass ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Vegetation Carbon

Abstract. Documenting year-to-year variations in carbon-sequestration potential in terrestrial ecosystems is crucial for the determination of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the magnitude, pattern and inner biomass partitioning of carbon-sequestration potential, and the effect of the changes in climate and CO2 on inner carbon stocks, remain poorly quantified. Herein, we use a spatially explicit individual based-dynamic global vegetation model to investigate the influences of the changes in climate and CO2 on the enhanced carbon-sequestration potential of vegetation. The modelling included a series of factorial simulations using the CRU dataset from 1916 to 2015. The results show that CO2 predominantly leads to a persistent and widespread increase in above-ground vegetation biomass carbon-stocks (AVBC) and below-ground vegetation biomass carbon-stocks (BVBC). Climate change appears to play a secondary role in carbon-sequestration potential. Importantly, with the mitigation of water stress, the magnitude of the above- and below-ground responses in vegetation carbon-stocks gradually increases, and the ratio between AVBC and BVBC increases to capture CO2 and sunlight. Changes in the pattern of vegetation carbon storage was linked to regional limitations in water, which directly weakens and indirectly regulates the response of potential vegetation carbon-stocks to a changing environment. Our findings differ from previous modelling evaluations of vegetation that ignored inner carbon dynamics and demonstrates that the long-term trend in increased vegetation biomass carbon-stocks is driven by CO2 fertilization and temperature effects that are controlled by water limitations.

scholarly journals Diverging land-use projections cause large variability in their impacts on ecosystems and related indicators for ecosystem services

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-351
Author(s):  
Anita D. Bayer ◽  
Richard Fuchs ◽  
Reinhard Mey ◽  
Andreas Krause ◽  
Peter H. Verburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Lulc Changes ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Vegetation Carbon

Abstract. Land-use models and integrated assessment models provide scenarios of land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes following pathways or storylines related to different socioeconomic and environmental developments. The large diversity of available scenario projections leads to a recognizable variability in impacts on land ecosystems and the levels of services provided. We evaluated 16 projections of future LULC until 2040 that reflected different assumptions regarding socioeconomic demands and modeling protocols. By using these LULC projections in a state-of-the-art dynamic global vegetation model, we simulated their effect on selected ecosystem service indicators related to ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration potential, agricultural production and the water cycle. We found that although a common trend for agricultural expansion exists across the scenarios, where and how particular LULC changes are realized differs widely across models and scenarios. They are linked to model-specific considerations of some demands over others and their respective translation into LULC changes and also reflect the simplified or missing representation of processes related to land dynamics or other influencing factors (e.g., trade, climate change). As a result, some scenarios show questionable and possibly unrealistic features in their LULC allocations, including highly regionalized LULC changes with rates of conversion that are contrary to or exceed rates observed in the past. Across the diverging LULC projections, we identified positive global trends of net primary productivity (+10.2 % ± 1.4 %), vegetation carbon (+9.2 % ± 4.1 %), crop production (+31.2 % ± 12.2 %) and water runoff (+9.3 % ± 1.7 %), and a negative trend of soil and litter carbon stocks (−0.5 % ± 0.4 %). The variability in ecosystem service indicators across scenarios was especially high for vegetation carbon stocks and crop production. Regionally, variability was highest in tropical forest regions, especially at current forest boundaries, because of intense and strongly diverging LULC change projections in combination with high vegetation productivity dampening or amplifying the effects of climatic change. Our results emphasize that information on future changes in ecosystem functioning and the related ecosystem service indicators should be seen in light of the variability originating from diverging projections of LULC. This is necessary to allow for adequate policy support towards sustainable transformations.

scholarly journals Vegetation Carbon Sequestration Mapping in Herbaceous Wetlands by Using a MODIS EVI Time-Series Data Set: A Case in Poyang Lake Wetland, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3000
Author(s):  
Xue Dai ◽  
Guishan Yang ◽  
Desheng Liu ◽  
Rongrong Wan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Poyang Lake Wetland

The carbon sequestration capacity of wetland vegetation determines carbon stocks and changes in wetlands. However, modeling vegetation carbon sequestration of herbaceous wetlands is still problematic due to complex hydroecological processes and rapidly changing biomass carbon stocks. Theoretically, a vegetation index (VI) time series can retrieve the dynamic of biomass carbon stocks and could be used to calculate the cumulative composite of biomass carbon stocks during a given interval, i.e., vegetation carbon sequestration. Hence, we explored the potential for mapping vegetation carbon sequestration in herbaceous wetlands in this study by using a combination of remotely sensed VI time series and field observation data. This method was exemplarily applied for Poyang Lake wetland in 2016 by using a 16-day Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series. Results show that the vegetation carbon sequestration in this area was in the range of 193–1221 g C m−2 year−1 with a mean of 401 g C m−2 year−1 and a standard deviation of 172 g C m−2 year−1 in 2016. The approach has wider spatial applicability in wetlands than the currently used global map of vegetation production (MOD17A3) because our carbon estimation in areas depicted by ‘no data’ in the MOD17A3 product is considerable, which accounts for 91.2–91.5% of the total vegetation carbon sequestration of the wetland. Thus, we determined that VI time series data shows great potential for estimating vegetation carbon sequestration in herbaceous wetlands, especially with the continuously improving quality and frequency of satellite VI images.

Carbon Stocks of Trees Outside Forests in Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
M. Ramesh ◽  
Boyina Rao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Trees Outside Forests ◽  
Sequestration Potential

In the present study, carbon stocks of trees outside forests in Kurnool district was estimated through sampling of 143 hectare area in 413 plots. A total of 93 species belonging to 80 genera and 37 families were recorded in the sampled plots. Extrapolated biomass and carbon stocks are calculated for Kurnool district as 2.131 Mt and 1.012 Mt respectively. The carbon sequestration potential of the trees outside forests of Kurnool district is estimated at 3.197 Mt CO2.

scholarly journals Biomass Carbon, Carbon Sequestration Potential and Soil Properties as Influence by Different Modules for Management of Chambal Ravines

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471
Author(s):  
AKHILESH SINGH ◽  
S.K. VERMA ◽  
PRIYADARSHANI A. KHAMBALKAR ◽  
SHASHI S. YADAV ◽  
SUNIL RAJPUT
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Average Biomass ◽  
Available Nutrient Status

Erosion through ravines causes many problems on bank of Chambal river in Madhya Pradesh. It damages rangelands, croplands and infra-structures. Plantation of different fruit trees (Moringa oleifera, Amblica officinalis, Psidium guaijava, Ziziphuszezuba, Punica grantum, Annonasquamosa), forest / medicinal trees (Cenchr sciliaris,Azardirechtaindica, Pongamia pinnata, Albizialebbeck, Dalbergiasisso and Acacia nilotica)) and some grasses (lemon grass, pamarosa, para and napier grass) under four management modules viz. M1-diversified cropping system, M2- Agri-horticultural, M3- Horti-pastoral, M4- Silvi-medicinal and M5- Silvi-pastoral were raised during 2012 at 3x3 m spacing. Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by the process of photosynthesis and store the carbon (C) as biomass.The highest biomass carbon wasyielded in ModuleM3, followed by M2, M5, M4 and M1, respectively. The average biomass carbon was found highest in grasses followed by fruit and forest trees. The study shows that the carbon sequestration in soil (0-15 cm) was found highest in M4 (0.45%) followed by M5 (0.44%), M1 (0.36%), M2 (0.35%) and between depth 15-25 cm the soil sequestration was highest in M1. The percent increase in soil carbon from 2012 to 2017 was highest in M1 (0-15 cm), while in depth 15-25 cm M4 showedhighest increase in soil carbon. Available nutrient status showedtremendous changes over initial value whereas available phosphorous showed decreasing trend under all modules after six years of studies.

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration and Soil Restoration Potential of Grazing Lands under Exclosure Management in a Semi-Arid Environment of Northern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegay Gebregergs ◽  
Zewdu K. Tessema ◽  
Negasi Solomon ◽  
Emiru Birhane
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total N ◽  
Vegetation Biomass ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
The Impact

Exclosures are used to regenerate native vegetation as a way to reduce soil erosion, increase rain water infiltration and provide fodder and woody biomass in degraded grazing lands. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of grazing exclosure on vegetation biomass, carbon sequestration and soil nutrients under five and ten years of grazing exclosures and freely grazed areas in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Vegetation biomass, carbon stocks and soil nutrients increased with increasing grazing exclusion. However, open grazing lands and five years of grazing exclosure did not differ in aboveground biomass, above-and-belowground carbon stocks. Moreover, ten years of grazing exclosure had a higher (P&lt;0.01) grass, herb and litter carbon stocks compared to five years exclosure and open grazing lands. The total carbon stock was higher for ten years exclosure (193.3 t C ha-1) than the five years exclosure (154.0 t C ha-1) and in open grazing areas (146.6 t C ha-1). Grazing lands closed for ten years had a higher SOC, organic matter, total N, available P, and exchangeable K+ and Na+ compared to five year&rsquo;s exclosure and open grazing lands. Therefore, establishment of grazing exclosures had a positive effect in restoring degraded grazing lands, thus improving vegetation biomass, carbon sequestration potentials and soil nutrients under the changing climate and global warming.

Carbon Stocks of Croton scabiosus Bedd. (Euphorbiaceae), A Vulnerable Endemic Species of Southern Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Salamma ◽  
M. Ramesh ◽  
Boyina Rao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Species Population

Croton scabiosus, a member of Euphorbiaceae and an endemic and vulnerable tree species of southern Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh was studied for its carbon storage capacity and carbon sequestration potential. The species population was sampled through 75 transects of 0.5 ha each and a total of 8743 individuals were enumerated. We estimated its carbon stocks at 1738.8 tons and CO2 sequestration potential as 6294.46 tons.

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