scholarly journals Technical note: GUARD – An automated fluid sampler preventing sample alteration by contamination, evaporation and gas exchange, suitable for remote areas and harsh conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Hartmann ◽  
Marc Luetscher ◽  
Ralf Wachter ◽  
Philipp Holz ◽  
Elisabeth Eiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Abstract. Automated water sampling devices adapted to field operation have proven highly useful for environmental research as well as in the public and private sector, where natural or artificial waters need to be tested regularly for compliance with environmental and health regulations. Such autosamplers are already available on the market in slightly differing versions, but none of these devices are capable of sealing the collected samples to prevent sample alteration by contamination, evaporation or gas exchange. In many sampling cases, however, this feature is essential, for instance for studying the hydrological cycle based on isotopes in rainwater, or for monitoring waters contaminated with toxic gases or other volatile compounds detrimental to biota and human health. Therefore, we have developed a new mobile autosampler, which injects water samples directly into airtight vials, thus preventing any sample alteration. Further advantages include low production costs, compact dimensions and low weight allowing for easy transport, a wide range of selectable sampling intervals as well as a low power consumption, which make it suitable for long-term applications even in remote areas and harsh (outdoor) conditions due to its heavy-duty water-proof casing. In this paper, we demonstrate (1) the sampler's mechanical functioning, (2) the long-term stability of the collected samples with regard to evaporation and gas exchange and (3) the potential of our device in a wide variety of applications drawing on laboratory and field experiments in different karst caves, which represent one of the most challenging sampling environments.

scholarly journals Technical note: GUARD – an automated fluid sampler preventing sample alteration by contamination, evaporation and gas exchange, suitable for remote areas and harsh conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4281-4293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Hartmann ◽  
Marc Luetscher ◽  
Ralf Wachter ◽  
Philipp Holz ◽  
Elisabeth Eiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Automated water sampling devices adapted to field operation have proven highly useful for environmental research as well as in the public and private sectors, where natural or artificial waters need to be tested regularly for compliance with environmental and health regulations. Such autosamplers are already available on the market in slightly differing versions, but none of these devices are capable of sealing the collected samples to prevent sample alteration by contamination, evaporation or gas exchange. In many sampling cases, however, this feature is essential, for instance for studying the hydrological cycle based on isotopes in rainwater, or for monitoring waters contaminated with toxic gases or other volatile compounds detrimental to biota and human health. Therefore, we have developed a new mobile autosampler, which injects water samples directly into airtight vials, thus preventing any sample alteration. Further advantages include low production costs, compact dimensions and low weight allowing for easy transport, a wide range of selectable sampling intervals as well as a low power consumption, which make it suitable for long-term applications even in remote areas and harsh (outdoor) conditions due to its heavy-duty water-proof casing. In this paper, we demonstrate (1) the sampler's mechanical functioning, (2) the long-term stability of the collected samples with regard to evaporation and gas exchange and (3) the potential of our device in a wide variety of applications drawing on laboratory and field experiments in different karst caves, which represent one of the most challenging sampling environments.

scholarly journals The UK Environmental Change Network datasets – integrated and co-located data for long-term environmental research (1993–2015)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susannah Rennie ◽  
Chris Andrews ◽  
Sarah Atkinson ◽  
Deborah Beaumont ◽  
Sue Benham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Change Network ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. Long-term datasets of integrated environmental variables, co-located together, are relatively rare. The UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) was launched in 1992 and provides the UK with its only long-term integrated environmental monitoring and research network for the assessment of the causes and consequences of environmental change. Measurements, covering a wide range of physical, chemical and biological "driver" and "response" variables are made in close proximity at ECN terrestrial sites using protocols incorporating standard quality control procedures. This paper describes the datasets (there are nineteen published ECN datasets) for these co-located measurements, containing over twenty years of data (1993–2015). The data and supporting documentation are freely available from the NERC Environmental Information Data Centre under the terms of the Open Government Licence using the following DOI’s: Meteorology Meteorology: https://doi.org/10.5285/fc9bcd1c-e3fc-4c5a-b569-2fe62d40f2f5 (Rennie et al., 2017a) Biogeochemistry Atmospheric nitrogen chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/baf51776-c2d0-4e57-9cd3-30cd6336d9cf (Rennie et al., 2017b) Precipitation chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/18b7c387-037d-4949-98bc-e8db5ef4264c (Rennie et al., 2017c) Soil solution chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/b330d395-68f2-47f1-8d59-3291dc02923b (Rennie et al., 2017d) Stream water chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/fd7ca5ef-460a-463c-ad2b-5ad48bb4e22e (Rennie et al., 2017e) Stream water discharge: https://doi.org/10.5285/8b58c86b-0c2a-4d48-b25a-7a0141859004 (Rennie et al., 2017f) Invertebrates Moths: https://doi.org/10.5285/a2a49f47-49b3-46da-a434-bb22e524c5d2 (Rennie et al., 2017g) Butterflies: https://doi.org/10.5285/5aeda581-b4f2-4e51-b1a6-890b6b3403a3 (Rennie et al., 2017h) Carabid beetle: https://doi.org/10.5285/8385f864-dd41-410f-b248-028f923cb281 (Rennie et al., 2017i) Spittle bugs: https://doi.org/10.5285/aff433be-0869-4393-b765-9e6faad2a12b (Rennie et al., 2018) Vegetation Baseline: https://doi.org/10.5285/a7b49ac1-24f5-406e-ac8f-3d05fb583e3b (Rennie et al., 2016a) Coarse grain: https://doi.org/10.5285/d349babc-329a-4d6e-9eca-92e630e1be3f (Rennie et al., 2016b) Woodland: https://doi.org/10.5285/94aef007-634e-42db-bc52-9aae86adbd33 (Rennie et al., 2017j) Fine grain: https://doi.org/10.5285/b98efec8-6de0-4e0c-85dc-fe4cdf01f086 (Rennie et al., 2017k) Vertebrates Frogs: https://doi.org/10.5285/4d8c7dd9-8248-46ca-b988-c1fc38e51581 (Rennie et al., 2017l) Birds (Breeding bird survey): https://doi.org/10.5285/5886c3ba-1fa5-49c0-8da8-40e69a10d2b5 (Rennie et al., 2017m) Birds (Common bird census): https://doi.org/10.5285/8582a02c-b28c-45d2-afa1-c1e85fba023d (Rennie et al., 2017n) Bats: https://doi.org/10.5285/2588ee91-6cbd-4888-86fc-81858d1bf085 (Rennie et al., 2017o) Rabbits and deer: https://doi.org/10.5285/0be0aed3-f205-4f1f-a65d-84f8cfd8d50f (Rennie et al., 2017p).

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Ocimum basilicum, Salvia officinalis, and Mentha piperita to Leaf Wounding

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Vrakas ◽  
Efterpi Florou ◽  
Athanasios Koulopoulos ◽  
George Zervoudakis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intact Leaves ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Exchange Parameters

The investigation about the leaf wounding effect on plant physiological procedures and on leaf pigments content will contribute to the understanding of the plants’ responses against this abiotic stress. During the experiment, some physiological parameters such as photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance as well as the chlorophyll and anthocyanin leaf contents of Ocimum basilicum, Salvia officinalis, and Mentha piperita plants were measured for about 20–40 days. All the measurements were conducted on control and wounded plants while in the latter, they were conducted on both wounded and intact leaves. A wide range of responses was observed in the wounded leaves, that is: (a) immediate decrease of the gas exchange parameters and long-term decrease of almost all the measured variables from O. basilicum, (b) immediate but only short-term decrease of the gas exchange parameters and no effect on pigments from M. piperita, and (c) no effect on the gas exchange parameters and decrease of the pigments content from S. officinalis. Regarding the intact leaves, in general, they exhibited a similar profile with the control ones for all plants. These results imply that the plant response to wounding is a complex phenomenon depending on plant species and the severity of the injury.

scholarly journals The UK Environmental Change Network datasets – integrated and co-located data for long-term environmental research (1993–2015)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susannah Rennie ◽  
Chris Andrews ◽  
Sarah Atkinson ◽  
Deborah Beaumont ◽  
Sue Benham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Change Network ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. Long-term datasets of integrated environmental variables, co-located together, are relatively rare. The UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) was launched in 1992 and provides the UK with its only long-term integrated environmental monitoring and research network for the assessment of the causes and consequences of environmental change. Measurements, covering a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological “driver” and “response” variables are made in close proximity at ECN terrestrial sites using protocols incorporating standard quality control procedures. This paper describes the datasets (there are 19 published ECN datasets) for these co-located measurements, containing over 20 years of data (1993–2015). The data and supporting documentation are freely available from the NERC Environmental Information Data Centre under the terms of the Open Government Licence using the following DOIs. Meteorology Meteorology: https://doi.org/10.5285/fc9bcd1c-e3fc-4c5a-b569-2fe62d40f2f5 (Rennie et al., 2017a) Biogeochemistry Atmospheric nitrogen chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/baf51776-c2d0-4e57-9cd3-30cd6336d9cf (Rennie et al., 2017b) Precipitation chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/18b7c387-037d-4949-98bc-e8db5ef4264c (Rennie et al., 2017c) Soil solution chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/b330d395-68f2-47f1-8d59-3291dc02923b (Rennie et al., 2017d) Stream water chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/fd7ca5ef-460a-463c-ad2b-5ad48bb4e22e (Rennie et al., 2017e) Stream water discharge: https://doi.org/10.5285/8b58c86b-0c2a-4d48-b25a-7a0141859004 (Rennie et al., 2017f) Invertebrates Moths: https://doi.org/10.5285/a2a49f47-49b3-46da-a434-bb22e524c5d2 (Rennie et al., 2017g) Butterflies: https://doi.org/10.5285/5aeda581-b4f2-4e51-b1a6-890b6b3403a3 (Rennie et al., 2017h) Carabid beetle: https://doi.org/10.5285/8385f864-dd41-410f-b248-028f923cb281 (Rennie et al., 2017i) Spittle bugs: https://doi.org/10.5285/aff433be-0869-4393-b765-9e6faad2a12b (Rennie et al., 2018) Vegetation Baseline: https://doi.org/10.5285/a7b49ac1-24f5-406e-ac8f-3d05fb583e3b (Rennie et al., 2016a) Coarse grain: https://doi.org/10.5285/d349babc-329a-4d6e-9eca-92e630e1be3f (Rennie et al., 2016b) Woodland: https://doi.org/10.5285/94aef007-634e-42db-bc52-9aae86adbd33 (Rennie et al., 2017j) Fine grain: https://doi.org/10.5285/b98efec8-6de0-4e0c-85dc-fe4cdf01f086 (Rennie et al., 2017k) Vertebrates Frogs: https://doi.org/10.5285/4d8c7dd9-8248-46ca-b988-c1fc38e51581 (Rennie et al., 2017l) Birds (Breeding bird survey): https://doi.org/10.5285/5886c3ba-1fa5-49c0-8da8-40e69a10d2b5 (Rennie et al., 2017m) Birds (Common bird census): https://doi.org/10.5285/8582a02c-b28c-45d2-afa1-c1e85fba023d (Rennie et al., 2017n) Bats: https://doi.org/10.5285/2588ee91-6cbd-4888-86fc-81858d1bf085 (Rennie et al., 2017o) Rabbits and deer: https://doi.org/10.5285/0be0aed3-f205-4f1f-a65d-84f8cfd8d50f (Rennie et al., 2017p)

scholarly journals Economic analysis to Impact of Production and Maintenance of Improved Seeds on Achieving Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kh. M. Farhan ◽  
Amina M. Khairy ◽  
Omar Kh. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Production Quantity ◽  
Continued Use

The term sustainable development includes a wide range of methods and objectives that must be provided and achieved to ensure the continuity of this development into the future and future generations. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the role of improved seeds, which are the most important production elements that contribute to increasing the expected production quantity of crops and improving its quality, The results of the analysis showed that production costs by ( 8.18%), either on the part of the returns The use of improved seeds in the production process led to an increase in the yield achieved from the production of wheat by (32.6%) compared to using traditional seeds, and this was achieved in two ways, the first of which was to increase the average productivity per dunum by (19.7%), as well as selling the final product at a higher price. (12%). From here we conclude that the use of improved seeds contributes to the development of the wheat crop in the short term first, to achieve meaningful profits for farmers, and then it will lead to the continued use of those seeds in the long term secondly, which contributes to achieving sustainable development.

scholarly journals Technical note on long-term probe misalignment and proposed quality control using the heat pulse method for transpiration estimations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth K. Larsen ◽  
Jose Luis Palau ◽  
Jose Antonio Valiente ◽  
Esteban Chirino ◽  
Juan Bellot
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Plant Transpiration ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract. Whole-plant transpiration is a crucial component in the hydrological cycle and a key parameter in many disciplines like agriculture, forestry and ecology. Sap flow measurements are one of the most widely used methods to estimate whole-plant transpiration in woody species due to its wide application range and its ready automation for continuous data readings. Several different methods have been developed and adjusted to different climatic conditions and wood properties. However, the scientific literature also identifies several sources of error in the method that needs to be accounted for; misalignment of the probes, wound to the xylem, thermal diffusivity and stem water content. This study aims to integrate probe misalignment as a function of time to improve readings during long-term measurements (> 3 months). We conclude that even when geometrical misalignments errors are small, the introduced corrections can imply an important shift in sap flow estimations. Additionally, we propose a new set of statistical information to be recorded during the measurement period to use as a quality control of the heat ratio readings obtained from the sensors. By using relative standard deviation and slope as quality indicators we concluded that no general time limit can be decided for all sensors but should rather be determined from individual performance over time.

scholarly journals Periodical cicadas use light for oviposition site selection

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1604) ◽  
pp. 2993-3000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louie H Yang
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Oviposition Site Selection ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Periodical Cicadas ◽  
Wide Range

Organisms use incomplete information from local experience to assess the suitability of potential habitat sites over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Although ecologists have long recognized the importance of spatial scales in habitat selection, few studies have investigated the temporal scales of habitat selection. In particular, cues in the immediate environment may commonly provide indirect information about future habitat quality. In periodical cicadas ( Magicicada spp.), oviposition site selection represents a very long-term habitat choice. Adult female cicadas insert eggs into tree branches during a few weeks in the summer of emergence, but their oviposition choices determine the underground habitats of root-feeding nymphs over the following 13 or 17 years. Here, field experiments are used to show that female cicadas use the local light environment of host trees during the summer of emergence to select long-term host trees. Light environments may also influence oviposition microsite selection within hosts, suggesting a potential behavioural mechanism for associating solar cues with host trees. In contrast, experimental nutrient enrichment of host trees did not influence cicada oviposition densities. These findings suggest that the light environments around host trees may provide a robust predictor of host tree quality in the near future. This habitat selection may influence the spatial distribution of several cicada-mediated ecological processes in eastern North American forests.

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