Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni ) responds to different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in loamy sand soil

"A study was conducted in Al-Seba Reserve / Basra Governorate to study the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on growth of stevia plants during 2018-2019 agricultural season, in pots. A sandy mixture of soil was used and two factors were studied: the first factor was urea fertilizer with five levels of nitrogen (N0 0, N1100, N2150, N3 200, and N4 250 kg / ha) and the second factor was potassium sulfate with three levels of potassium (K0 0, K1 75 and K3150 kg/h( . The experiment was experimental factor using a complete randomized design (C.R.D) with three replications. The results showed a significant effect of adding nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and there interaction on: plant height, number of branches, leaf area index, and the treatment N3K2 gave the highest yield reached (1.27 tons. h-1), and N4K2 recorded a highest content of Rebaudioside A (53.26 ppm). *Part of Ph.D. thesis of the first author Corresponding author: E-mail([email protected]) Al- Muthanna University All rights reserved"

Labroratoryuse of some insecticides and microwave technology in the control of red flour beetle castaneum (Herbst ) (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) Tribolium

"The study was carried out to effect of some pesticidesand microwave in red flour beetle in plant protection Department of Agriculture, Basrah University. it was observed that there was a significant difference between the exposure of chemical pesticides and the treatment of control ,as the effect of the larvae death was Deltamethrin pesticide affected the percentage of the destruction of the last larva age and adults stage . The percentage of larval 88.66% compared with the Alpha-cypermethrin and Vapcocidinwere their percentage in which the rate 72.2%and 64.2% respectively. The effect of exposure on the percentage of adult mortality 85.0, 68.8 .53.9% for both Deltamethrin, Alpha-cypermethrin and Vapcocidin respectively. Was superior to the Deltamethrin the mortality rate for larvae and adults 93.53% and 91.5% respectively. The study showed that percentage of mortality of larval and adult increased with increase exposure time and increase intensity of microwave and the highest percentage was at exposure time 20 second, where the mortality rate 100% for the last larva age and adults when the intensity of 800 watts, and did not affect the levels of microwave in the proportion of germination of wheat grain treated as the results of the statistical analysis showed no significant different between treatments and control."

Economics of Potato Production for Autumn Season 2015-2016 (Baghdad Governorate as A Practical Case)

"The research aimed at estimating the production function and the total cost function, as well as measuring the efficiency of resource use, technical, economic, price and cost efficiency. The study was based primarily on a simple random sample of (155) farmers in Baghdad governorate for the autumn season (2015-2016), The double logarithmic formula was the most suitable for the production function. The results of the resource efficiency criteria indicated that potato farmers were efficient in using resources (seed, phosphate fertilizer, human labor) and were inefficient in using irrigation and pesticides. While the cubic formula was more suitable for the total cost function according to the statistical, econometrical and economical tests, and from it we showed that the optimum size of production and size that maximize profit are (119.069, 143.398) ton consequently. Technical, economic and price efficiencies were estimated at (34.25933, 34.25937, 73.521)% consequently, while cost efficiency was estimated at (0.454), and the net farm income that achieved over all the sample less about (10380.741) thousand dinars than that achieved at optimal size. The research concluded that the quantity of seeds had the greatest impact on potato production and that there was waste in using the available resources, which led to actual production being less than optimum production. The research recommends that the related institutions should work to provide a good quality potato seeds to cover the needs of local farmers, from good sources in a timely manner and at the right price to increase the production and productivity of this important crop and reduce production costs. As well as the protection of the local producer by adopting price policies that grant best income of farmers. Corresponding author: E-mail(Faisal@gmail) Al- Muthanna University All rights reserved"

Evaluate the efficiency of some biological and chemical factors to control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans parasitizing on cucumber

"The study aimed to investigate to the spread areas of angular spotting disease on cucumber leaves caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans In the greenhouses of three areas (Al-Qazwiynia , Abbasiya and Al-Haidariya) In the province of Najaf and the first time in Iraq to evaluate the efficiency of using chemical and biological induction agents to control angular spotting disease on cucumber leaves. The geographical distribution of the infected areas and the phenotypic diagnosis of symptoms were confirmed by field survey of the disease. It was later revealed that the diagnosed symptoms were similar to the symptoms of the disease, Where the rate of infection in plastic houses covered by the survey ranged between 19% to 35%. Results of the effect of biochemical and chemical agents on p. syringae pv. Lachrymans showed that treatment of P. putida was increased leaves content of chlorophyll, IAA and GA3 (93.28 mg.100g-1 , 1.61 µM and 24.02 µM, respectively) compared to control 2 treatment (44.65 mg.100g-1 , 0.84µM and 8.68 µM). Results showed that P. fluorescens was decresed ABA hormone which made plant health (324.19 µM) compared to Control 2 treatment (574.53 µM). The treatment of super fifty was superior in leaf content of carbohydrates, protein, CAT, POD, (28.25 mg.g-1 , 17.06%, 186.68 units.min.g-1 , 179.91 units.min.g-1) compared to control 2 treatment (13.19 mg.g-1, 8.56%, 58.16 units.min.g-1 , 105.90 units.min.g1). "

laboratory test for different designs of feeding mechanism of subsoil manuring machine

"Laboratory experiment was carried out at the Department of farm Machinery / college of Agriculture, in order to study the effect of the types of feeding arms (straight arms, Lshaped arm, and arched arms) and tractor engine speed (600, 1200, 1800) rpm on some performance properties included manure discharge rate, manure quantity per hectare and machine productivity. All tests were conducted according to the complete randomized bolck design with three replicates. The results showed an increase in fertilizer discharge rate, manure quantity per hectare and productivity of the machine while increasing engine speed. The feeding mechanism with L-shaped arm was superior to other designs which gave the highest values for the manure discharge rate, the amount of manure per hectare and the productivity of the machine as compared to the feeding mechanism with straight and arched arms"

Forecasting production,consumption and the food gap of rice crop in Iraq using Exponential Smoothing method

"The aim of this research is to predict the production, consumption and food gap of the rice crop in Iraq, as well as the economic factors that affect the self-sufficiency ratio and the quantity of imports with the time series (2015-1980). Based on the statistical program (Minitab & SPSS) Is the Exponential Smoothing method for Forecasting the production, consumption, and nutritional gap of the rice crop. Two types of single and double (2016-2025) was the single Exponential Smoothing method for having the lowest MSE value of (11450.4) . As for the consumption of the rice yield for the period (2025-2016), the double Exponential Smoothing method was the most accurate (MSE), which is 87100.7. As for the food gap, the single Exponential Smoothing is the best predictor for the same period in terms of the lowest value (MSE) 84100.1. The self-sufficiency ratio was affected by five factors (cultivated area, Imports, available for consumption, import / production ratio, the dummy variable representing years of blockade), and Factors affecting the quantity of imports (rice production,available for consumption, border prices, the number of the population Al- Muthanna University All rights reserved"

"An Economic Analysis for Productivity of Rice Crop in Iraq and Forecasting it for The Period (2019- 2025) Using Markov Chains"

"The agricultural sector is still facing a problem represented by the low level of productivity of most crops, including the rice crop, despite the natural conditions that helped increase its productivity, but it remains a permanent problem, casting shadows on other aspects such as self-sufficiency in this crop and endangering food security at risk, in addition, the concept of productivity is closely related to the efficient use of the resources associated with its production conditions, which makes the process of forecasting this phenomenon very important. The research aims to study and predict the productivity of rice crop in Iraq using Markov chains for the period 2019-2025, The research also aimed at ways to improve the productivity of the crop in question by studying recent predictive values that are mainly based on previous data not far away. The results showed that the productivity of the rice crop was recorded at good rates that are relatively high, but remained below the global rates. The reason for recording these good rates is due to the superiority of changes in production over changes in area, which are among the most important factors in determining productivity as well as other factors that surround them, which should be noted It out. Accordingly, the research recommended the need for full coordination between what is planned to grow the crop with the plans of the Ministry of Agriculture that are developed depending on the water plans and natural conditions that the ministry takes into consideration as well as attention to the areas of concentration in this crop as they represent the areas of supply and distribution of this crop with attention directed towards the areas of concentration With regard to the provision of advisable agriculture requirements while addressing the problems that these areas are exposed to exclusively. From a statistical point of view, the research recommends adopting the Markov chains method in forecasting because it needs less stringent assumptions than other methods, including a few historical past observations series and fewer statistical tests"

Effect of potassium and boron spraying in yield and quality characteristics for sunflower crop Helianthus annuus L. var luleo

"A field experiment was carried out during the autumn season of 2016 in one of the Agricultural fields in the area of Abu- Guelana ,which is 13 km from the center of Muthanna province , To find out the effect of potassium and boron spraying in the yield and quality characteristics , for sunflower crop - variety Luleo.Used in this study completely randomized block design Arrangement factorial experiment , The study included two factors : The first factors of four concentrations of potassium spray (0, 2500, 5000, 7500) mg K L-1 , and the second factor four concentrations of boron spray (0, 50, 100, 150) mg B L-1 . The mean of the treatments was compared with the least significant difference (L.S.D) at a probability level of 0.05% . Results showed that the potassium spray treatment 7500 mg k L-1 was significantly higher in all studied traits ,(number of seeds/head , weight of thousand seed , fertility percentage ,seed yield , total seed yield and total oil yield) , The results showed that the treatment of boron spray with 100 mg B L-1 concentration was significantly higher in all studied traits. The overlap treatment showed significant superiority in all the traits"

Effect of Different Levels of Local Concentrated Protein Manufactured from Slaughterhouse Wastes on some productive Traits of Broiler

"The current study was conducted to find out the effect of using locally manufactured protein concentrate on some productive traits of broilers (weekly body weight rate, weekly weight gain rate, weekly feed consumption rate, food conversion factor) used in the experiment 225 broiler chickens (female) of the age of one day (breed Ross-308) Chicks were distributed randomly into five treatments, with three replications (15 chicks / replicate). The trial parameters were as follows: The first treatment (control T1) provided for the chicks with a diet containing 4% imported protein, the second treatment (T2) for the chicks with a diet containing 2% imported protein + 2% manufactured protein, the third treatment (T3) provided for the chicks with a diet The fourth treatment contains 4% synthetic protein, the fourth treatment (T4) is provided for the chicks with a diet containing 6% manufactured protein and the fifth treatment (T5) using a diet containing 8% manufactured protein. The results showed the absence of significant differences between the trial parameters in all the studied traits, which included live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption rate and feed conversion factor."

"Seasonality analysis of the tomato monthly price and its forecasting using seasonal time series models (SARIMA) "

"The aim of this research is to analysis the tomato monthly prices in Baghdad province for the period (Jan 2010- Dec 2015) by using seasonal time series (SARIMA) to detect seasonal variations to be excluded from the time series. The research problem is summarized by existing seasonality phenomenon in tomato monthly prices which will be reflected on the short-term planning progress. The results showed that the appropriate and efficiency model for representing time series data for tomato monthly prices was the SARIMA model (0,1,2)(1,1,0)12. Also the results of tomato monthly prices forecasting showed a harmonic direction with the same original time series. From the obtained results, the tomato monthly prices confirm the nature of the prevailing pattern in that the tomato production was affected by the season to a large extent, as the results concluded that there is a secular trend in increasing monthly prices of tomato for the period (Jan 2016-Dec 2020), which confirmed the rise in monthly prices during the forecast period. The research recommends the need to prevent imports especially at peak time (time of crop availability in local markets), and legislating laws to protect the domestic product , in addition to taxation of imported products.1"