scholarly journals Critical scales to explain urban hydrological response: an application in Cranbrook, London

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2425-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cristiano ◽  
Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis ◽  
Santiago Gaitan ◽  
Susana Ochoa Rodriguez ◽  
Nick van de Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Scaling Factors ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
X Band

Abstract. Rainfall variability in space and time, in relation to catchment characteristics and model complexity, plays an important role in explaining the sensitivity of hydrological response in urban areas. In this work we present a new approach to classify rainfall variability in space and time and we use this classification to investigate rainfall aggregation effects on urban hydrological response. Nine rainfall events, measured with a dual polarimetric X-Band radar instrument at the CAESAR site (Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research, NL), were aggregated in time and space in order to obtain different resolution combinations. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence that rainfall and catchment scales have on hydrological response in urban areas. Three dimensionless scaling factors were introduced to investigate the interactions between rainfall and catchment scale and rainfall input resolution in relation to the performance of the model. Results showed that (1) rainfall classification based on cluster identification well represents the storm core, (2) aggregation effects are stronger for rainfall than flow, (3) model complexity does not have a strong influence compared to catchment and rainfall scales for this case study, and (4) scaling factors allow the adequate rainfall resolution to be selected to obtain a given level of accuracy in the calculation of hydrological response.

scholarly journals Critical scales to explain urban hydrological response

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cristiano ◽  
Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis ◽  
Santiago Gaitan ◽  
Susana Ochoa Rodriguez ◽  
Nick van de Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Scaling Factors ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
X Band

Abstract. Rainfall variability in space and time, in relation to catchment characteristics and model complexity, plays an important role in explaining the sensitivity of hydrological response in urban areas. In this work we present a new approach to classify rainfall variability in space and time and we use this classification to investigate rainfall aggregation effects on urban hydrological response. Nine rainfall events, measured with a Dual polarimetric X-Band radar at the CAESAR Site (Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research, NL), were aggregated in time and space in order to obtain different resolution combinations. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence that rainfall and catchment scales have on hydrological response in urban areas. Three dimensionless scaling factors were introduced to investigate the interactions between rainfall and catchment scale and rainfall input resolution in relation to the performance of the model. Results showed that (1) rainfall classification based on cluster identification well represents the storm core, (2) aggregation effects are stronger for rainfall than flow, (3) model complexity does not have a strong influence compared to catchment and rainfall scales for this study case, (4) scaling factors allow to select the adequate rainfall resolution to obtain a given level of accuracy in the calculation of hydrological response.

scholarly journals Modeling Rainfall Variability over Urban Areas: A Case Study for Kuwait

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaber Almedeij
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Reliable Model ◽  
Monthly Total ◽  
Seasonal Basis

This study examines the spatial and temporal variability of monthly total rainfall data obtained from weather stations located in the urban areas of Kuwait. The rainfall data are analyzed by considering statistics on a seasonal basis and by means of periodogram technique to reveal the periods responsible for the variable pattern. The results demonstrate similarity implying that a point estimate of rainfall data can be considered spatially representative over the urban areas of Kuwait. A sinusoidal model triggering the influence of the detected periods is developed accordingly for the time duration from January 1965 to December 2009. The model is capable of describing the rainfall data with some discrepancies between the actual and calculated values resulting from hidden periods that have not been taken into account. This finding suggests that the ability to construct a more reliable model would require a wider range of historical data to detect the other periods affecting the rainfall pattern.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall and their effects on hydrological response in urban areas – a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3859-3878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cristiano ◽  
Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis ◽  
Nick van de Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Weather Radars ◽  
New Instruments

Abstract. In urban areas, hydrological processes are characterized by high variability in space and time, making them sensitive to small-scale temporal and spatial rainfall variability. In the last decades new instruments, techniques, and methods have been developed to capture rainfall and hydrological processes at high resolution. Weather radars have been introduced to estimate high spatial and temporal rainfall variability. At the same time, new models have been proposed to reproduce hydrological response, based on small-scale representation of urban catchment spatial variability. Despite these efforts, interactions between rainfall variability, catchment heterogeneity, and hydrological response remain poorly understood. This paper presents a review of our current understanding of hydrological processes in urban environments as reported in the literature, focusing on their spatial and temporal variability aspects. We review recent findings on the effects of rainfall variability on hydrological response and identify gaps where knowledge needs to be further developed to improve our understanding of and capability to predict urban hydrological response.

scholarly journals Impacts of small scale rainfall variability in urban areas: a case study with 1D and 1D/2D hydrological models in a multifractal framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auguste Gires ◽  
Agathe Giangola-Murzyn ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Abbes ◽  
Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia ◽  
Daniel Schertzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydrological Models

Assessing the potential of using telecommunication microwave links in urban drainage modelling

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1810-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fencl ◽  
J. Rieckermann ◽  
M. Schleiss ◽  
D. Stránský ◽  
V. Bareš
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Flow Prediction ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The ability to predict the runoff response of an urban catchment to rainfall is crucial for managing drainage systems effectively and controlling discharges from urban areas. In this paper we assess the potential of commercial microwave links (MWL) to capture the spatio-temporal rainfall dynamics and thus improve urban rainfall-runoff modelling. Specifically, we perform numerical experiments with virtual rainfall fields and compare the results of MWL rainfall reconstructions to those of rain gauge (RG) observations. In a case study, we are able to show that MWL networks in urban areas are sufficiently dense to provide good information on spatio-temporal rainfall variability and can thus considerably improve pipe flow prediction, even in small subcatchments. In addition, the better spatial coverage also improves the control of discharges from urban areas. This is especially beneficial for heavy rainfall, which usually has a high spatial variability that cannot be accurately captured by RG point measurements.

scholarly journals Simulating the effects of low impact development approaches on urban flooding: a case study from Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Movahedinia ◽  
Jamal Mohammad Vali Samani ◽  
Fakhreddin Barakhasi ◽  
Saleh Taghvaeian ◽  
Raffi Stepanian
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Storm Water Management Model

Abstract Low impact development (LID) methods have been shown to be efficient in reducing the peak flow and total volume of urban stormwater, which is a top priority for effective urban stormwater management in many municipalities. However, decision-makers need information on the effects of LIDs and their associated costs before allocating limited resources. In this study, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to investigate the effects of five different LID scenarios on urban flooding in a district in Tehran, Iran. The LID scenarios included rain barrel (RB) at two sizes, bio-retention cell (BRC), and combinations of the two structures. The results showed that significant node flooding and overflow volume would occur in the study area under the existing conditions, especially for rainfall events with longer return periods. BRC and combinations of BRC and RBs were the most effective options in reducing flooding, while the smaller-size RB was the cheapest alternative. However, normalized cost, obtained through dividing the total cost by the percent reduction in node flooding and/or overflow volume, was smallest for BRC. The results of this study demonstrate how hydraulic modeling can be combined with economic analysis to identify the most efficient and affordable LID practices for urban areas.

The role of storm movement in controlling flash flood response: an analysis of the 28 September 2012 extreme event in Murcia, southeastern Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Amengual ◽  
M. Borga ◽  
G. Ravazzani ◽  
S. Crema
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Flash Flooding ◽  
Southeastern Spain ◽  
Flood Response

AbstractFlash flooding is strongly modulated by the spatial and temporal variability in heavy precipitation. Storm motion prompts a continuous change of rainfall space-time variability that interacts with the drainage river system, thus influencing the flood response. The impact of storm motion on hydrological response is assessed for the 28 September 2012 flash flood over the semi-arid and medium-sized Guadalentín catchment in Murcia, southeastern Spain. The influence of storm kinematics on flood response is examined through the concept of ‘catchment-scale storm velocity’. This variable quantifies the interaction between the storm system motion and the river drainage network, assessing its influence on the hydrograph peak. By comparing two hydrological simulations forced by rainfall scenarios of distinct spatial and temporal variability, the role of storm system movement on the flood response is effectively isolated. This case study is the first to: (i) show through the catchment-scale storm velocity how storm motion may strongly affect flood peak and timing; and (ii) assess the influence of storm kinematics on hydrological response at different basin scales. In the end, this extreme flash flooding provides a valuable case study of how the interaction between storm motion and drainage properties modulate hydrological response.

scholarly journals The effect of veld fires on the hydrological response of streamflow

Water SA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
JA du Plessis ◽  
H van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Hydrological Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Veld fires are natural occurrences with the potential to impact thousands of hectares of vegetation, and in doing so, changes soil characteristics, for both urban and rural areas. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the hydrological response of a catchment could be affected by fire. The main aim of this research was to investigate the hydrological changes caused by fire on a catchment scale using a case study. On 9 March 2015, a wildfire which started in Jonkershoek nature reserve destroyed indigenous fynbos vegetation and afforested areas. Within the nature reserve, there are multiple rainfall and runoff stations, which provided a means of measuring any possible hydrological changes due to these fire events. Four catchments were used for this research, one main catchment (fynbos area) and three sub-catchments (afforested areas). Fifty-six percent of the main catchment burned, while two sub-catchments were completely burned and the other primarily unaffected by the fire. The main catchment’s hydrological response was analysed by comparing the hydrographs of comparable pre- and post-fire runoff events. Eighteen comparable events were used for the analysis. The mean runoff volume increased by approximately 7% after the fire and mean peak flow by 50%. The change was even more noticeable when comparing the two sub-catchments affected by the veld fire and the unburned sub-catchment with each other. All the sub-catchments were similar in size and were located close enough to each other to be represented by one rainfall station. Before the fire, the average daily streamflows between the unburned (control) and burned catchments were similar; however after the fire the average daily streamflow of the two burned catchments in comparison to the control catchment increased by 45% and 50%, respectively. The mean runoff volume from the two affected/burned catchments, after the fire, for individual events increased by approx. 72% and 52% in comparison to the control catchment. The mean peak flows increased by approximately 173% and 110% in comparison to the control catchment.

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