scholarly journals Use of water isotopes and chemistry to infer the type and degree of exchange between groundwater and lakes in an esker complex of northeastern Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 6309-6332
Author(s):  
Maxime P. Boreux ◽  
Scott F. Lamoureux ◽  
Brian F. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Water Geochemistry ◽  
Lower Elevation

Abstract. While interactions between groundwater and lake-water influence water chemistry, water balance, aquatic organisms, biochemical cycles and contamination levels, they remain a poorly studied component of lake hydrology. Identifying the controls of groundwater and lake-water interactions at the landscape level and classifying lakes into categories based on their degree of interaction with the groundwater can provide insights into a lake's sensitivity and vulnerability to environmental stressors. Such information can also provide baseline conditions for comparison to future changes that are important for water management and conservation. To this end, water chemistry and water isotopic composition were investigated in a set of 50 boreal lakes located at different elevations in an esker system near Timmins, Ontario. Analyses focused on stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen and specific conductance as indicators of the position of a lake with respect to the influence of groundwater. Both isotopic composition and specific conductance distinguished higher-elevation groundwater-recharge lakes from lower-elevation groundwater-discharge lakes. Groundwater-recharge lakes were high-elevation lakes characterized by enriched isotopic values and low values of specific conductance. In contrast, groundwater-discharge lakes were isotopically depleted and had higher values of specific conductance and occurred at lower elevations. An intermediate group of lakes was also defined (termed seepage lakes) and had intermediate isotopic and water-chemistry characteristics compared to recharge and discharge lakes. Differences in water geochemistry between field campaigns revealed that upland groundwater-recharge lakes showed evidence of evaporative drawdown, indicating sensitivity to short-term changes in climate, whereas the lower-elevation groundwater-discharge lakes showed little variation between seasonal samples and consequently would likely be affected only by hydroclimatological changes of greater duration and magnitude.

scholarly journals Landscape and groundwater controls over boreal lake water chemistry and water balance heterogeneity in an esker complex of northeastern Ontario, Canada

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime P. Boreux ◽  
Scott F. Lamoureux ◽  
Brian F. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Lake Water Chemistry ◽  
Lower Elevation

Abstract. Water chemistry and water isotopic composition were investigated in a set of 50 boreal lakes located at different elevations in an esker system near Timmins, Ontario, as well as in local streams, groundwater springs and information available from seasonal precipitation values. Analyses focused on stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen, as well as specific conductance as indicators of the position of a lake with respect to the influence of groundwater. Both isotopic composition and specific conductance distinguished higher elevation groundwater discharge lakes from lower elevation groundwater recharge lakes. Groundwater recharge lakes characterized by enriched isotopic values and low values of specific conductance are located above the hydraulic midline elevation of the study lakes. In contrast groundwater discharge lakes, were isotopically depleted and had higher values of specific conductance, and occurred below the hydraulic midline of the study lakes. An intermediate group of lakes was also defined (termed seepage lakes) and consisted of either recharge lakes that were alkaline, or discharge lakes that had no outlet. The seepage lakes group had intermediate isotopic and water chemistry characteristics compared to recharge and discharge lakes. A classification scheme for lakes was developed based on the specific conductivity, water isotopic composition, the presence of an outlet, and other characteristic to define three types of recharge lakes, and two types of discharge lakes. Interannual (2013 and 2014) and seasonal differences in water chemistry between (early June and August) revealed that upland groundwater recharge lakes showed evidence of evaporative drawdown, indicating sensitivity to short-term changes in climate, whereas the lower-elevation discharge showed little variation between seasonal samples, and consequently would be affected by hydroclimatological changes of greater duration and persistence.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Doppler Determinations of Station Positions

1972 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
R. J. Anderle
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Angle ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Self Consistent

Locations of Doppler satellite observing stations have been revised to obtain a set which is more self-consistent and more consistent with the CIO pole. Residuals of satellite observations for 1970 have been analyzed using the new coordinates to determine mean and standard errors for five days of observations of latitude versus station, time of day, and elevation angle. The accuracy of the determination of latitude is about 4 meters at moderate and high elevation angles. But since more satellite passes occur at lower elevation angles, the accuracy of determination of a component of position based on five days of observation of one satellite is only about 2 meters.

scholarly journals Nested Recharge Systems in Mountain Block Hydrology: High-Elevation Snowpack Generates Low-Elevation Overwinter Baseflow in a Rocky Mountain River

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Éowyn M. S. Campbell ◽  
M. Cathryn Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Relative Temperature ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Fracture Systems ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Longitudinal Sampling

The majority of each year′s overwinter baseflow (i.e., winter streamflow) in a third-order eastern slopes tributary is generated from annual melting of high-elevation snowpack which is transmitted through carbonate and siliciclastic aquifers. The Little Elbow River and its tributaries drain a bedrock system formed by repeated thrust faults that express as the same siliciclastic and carbonate aquifers in repeating outcrops. Longitudinal sampling over an 18 km reach was conducted at the beginning of the overwinter baseflow season to assess streamflow provenance. Baseflow contributions from each of the two primary aquifer types were apportioned using sulfate, δ34SSO4, and silica concentrations, while δ18OH2O composition was used to evaluate relative temperature and/or elevation of the original precipitation. Baseflow in the upper reaches of the Little Elbow was generated from lower-elevation and/or warmer precipitation primarily stored in siliciclastic units. Counterintuitively, baseflow generated in the lower-elevation reaches originated from higher-elevation and/or colder precipitation stored in carbonate units. These findings illustrate the role of nested flow systems in mountain block recharge: higher-elevation snowmelt infiltrates through fracture systems in the cliff-forming—often higher-elevation—carbonates, moving to the lower-elevation valley through intermediate flow systems, while winter baseflow in local flow systems in the siliciclastic valleys reflects more influence from warmer precipitation. The relatively fast climatic warming of higher elevations may alter snowmelt timing, leaving winter water supply vulnerable to climatic change.

Estimation of Spatial Groundwater Recharge Using WetSpass Model for East Wasit Province, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Badry ◽  
Mohammed S. Shamkhi
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Wetspass Model ◽  
Alternative Water

AbstractGroundwater is an important water source, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Recharge is critical to managing and analyzing groundwater resources despite estimation difficulty due to temporal and spatial change. The study aim is to estimate annual groundwater recharge for the eastern Wasit Province part, Iraq. Where suffers from a surface water shortage due to the region's high elevation above Tigris River water elevation by about 60 m, it is necessary to search for alternative water sources, such as groundwater use. The spatially distributed WetSpass model was used to estimate the annual recharge. The inputs for the model were prepared using the ARC-GIS program, which includes the topography and slope grid, soil texture grid, land use, groundwater level grid, and meteorological data grids for the study area for the period (2014-2019). The result shows that the annual recharge calculated using the WetSpass model (2014-2019) varied of 0 to 65.176 mm/year at an average of 27.117 mm/year, about 10.8%, while the rate of the surface runoff was 5.2% and Evapotranspiration formed 83.33% of the annual rainfall rate of 251.192 mm. The simulation results reveal that the WetSpass model simulates the components of the hydrological water budget correctly. For managing and planning available water resources, a best grasp of the simulation of long-range average geographical distribution around the water balance components is beneficial.

Hydrodynamic conceptual model of groundwater in the headwater of the Rio de Oro, Santander (Colombia) by geochemical and isotope tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1567-1579
Author(s):  
M. Cetina ◽  
J-D. Taupin ◽  
S. Gómez ◽  
N. Patris
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Secondary Porosity ◽  
Water Geochemistry ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
Primary Porosity

Abstract Metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rocks, with low to no primary porosity, outcrop in the La Moza micro-basin stream (headwater of the Rio de Oro). In this high mountain system, water isotopic composition of rainwater, water isotopes and geochemistry of groundwater (springs) and surface water were determined. Groundwater flows are associated to phreatic aquifers in relationship with secondary porosity generated by fracturing, which is increased by dissolution processes in case of carbonate formation producing karstic systems and by the weathering phenomenon mainly affecting granodioritic rocks. Water geochemistry shows low to medium electrical conductivity (EC) depending on the geological formation, but a unique calcium bicarbonate facies. Spring water EC shows limited temporal variations. The isotopic composition of spring indicates a meteoric origin, local infiltration and groundwater flows with low residence time. A conceptual model of the recharge zone is proposed that crosses the surface watershed and covers part of the adjacent Rio Jordán basin, where the Berlin Paramo is located.

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