scholarly journals TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND USING LANDSAT SATELLITE DATA: TWO INDIAN CASE STUDIES

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-5 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
K. Dutta ◽  
D. Basu ◽  
S. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Urban environment is examined through time series Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) and OLI/TIRS (Operational Land Imager &amp;amp; Thermal Infrared Sensor) sensor images. A continuous surface of Land Surface Temperature (LST) can be extracted from Landsat thermal bands. Similarly different band combinations and ratios will give spatial pattern of land cover categories. Among these, building and vegetation indices are used to characterize the spatiotemporal pattern of elevated temperature zones in cities. This excess heat concentration creates thermal hotspots which are known as Urban Heat Islands (UHI). Parameters of land cover are then related to LST to detect the influence of urbanization on intensity and extent of heat islands, by pixel based quantitative analysis. This paper focuses on two megacities of India and their surrounding districts for identifying the critical UHI areas. The purpose of this paper is to create a database for reconstruction in old cities and planning of new smart cities. Results suggest that urban sprawl and substitution of rural areas with impervious surface plays significant role in microclimate, causing formation of new thermal hotspots. The analysis of urban thermal environment and its dynamics is to provide a scientific basis for future strategy building.</p>

scholarly journals Surface Urban Heat Islands Dynamics in Response to LULC and Vegetation across South Asia (2000–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3177
Author(s):  
Talha Hassan ◽  
Jiahua Zhang ◽  
Foyez Ahmed Prodhan ◽  
Til Prasad Pangali Sharma ◽  
Barjeece Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat

Urbanization is an increasing phenomenon around the world, causing many adverse effects in urban areas. Urban heat island is are of the most well-known phenomena. In the present study, surface urban heat islands (SUHI) were studied for seven megacities of the South Asian countries from 2000–2019. The urban thermal environment and relationship between land surface temperature (LST), land use landcover (LULC) and vegetation were examined. The connection was explored with remote-sensing indices such as urban thermal field variance (UTFVI), surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and normal difference vegetation index (NDVI). LULC maps are classified using a CART machine learning classifier, and an accuracy table was generated. The LULC change matrix shows that the vegetated areas of all the cities decreased with an increase in the urban areas during the 20 years. The average LST in the rural areas is increasing compared to the urban core, and the difference is in the range of 1–2 (°C). The SUHII linear trend is increasing in Delhi, Karachi, Kathmandu, and Thimphu, while decreasing in Colombo, Dhaka, and Kabul from 2000–2019. UTFVI has shown the poor ecological conditions in all urban buffers due to high LST and urban infrastructures. In addition, a strong negative correlation between LST and NDVI can be seen in a range of −0.1 to −0.6.

scholarly journals Urban heat island: Aerodynamics or imperviousness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. eaau4299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Weilin Liao ◽  
Angela J. Rigden ◽  
Xiaoping Liu ◽  
Dagang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

More than half of the world’s population now live in cities, which are known to be heat islands. While daytime urban heat islands (UHIs) are traditionally thought to be the consequence of less evaporative cooling in cities, recent work sparks new debate, showing that geographic variations of daytime UHI intensity were largely explained by variations in the efficiency with which urban and rural areas convect heat from the land surface to the lower atmosphere. Here, we reconcile this debate by demonstrating that the difference between the recent finding and the traditional paradigm can be explained by the difference in the attribution methods. Using a new attribution method, we find that spatial variations of daytime UHI intensity are more controlled by variations in the capacity of urban and rural areas to evaporate water, suggesting that strategies enhancing the evaporation capability such as green infrastructure are effective ways to mitigate urban heat.

scholarly journals Effect of Land Cover Fractions on Changes in Surface Urban Heat Islands Using Landsat Time-Series Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Anchang Sun ◽  
Ruiqing Niu
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat Island Intensity ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Surface Urban Heat Island

Man-made materials now cover a dominant proportion of urban areas, and such conditions not only change the absorption of solar radiation, but also the allocation of the solar radiation and cause the surface urban heat island effect, which is considered a serious problem associated with the deterioration of urban environments. Although numerous studies have been performed on surface urban heat islands, only a few have focused on the effect of land cover changes on surface urban heat islands over a long time period. Using six Landsat image scenes of the Metropolitan Development Area of Wuhan, our experiment (1) applied a mapping method for normalized land surface temperatures with three land cover fractions, which were impervious surfaces, non-chlorophyllous vegetation and soil and vegetation fractions, and (2) performed a fitting analysis of fierce change areas in the surface urban heat island intensity based on a time trajectory. Thematic thermal maps were drawn to analyze the distribution of and variations in the surface urban heat island in the study area. A Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis was used to extract the land cover fraction information. Then, six ternary triangle contour graphics were drawn based on the land surface temperature and land cover fraction information. A time trajectory was created to summarize the changing characteristics of the surface urban heat island intensity. A fitting analysis was conducted for areas showing fierce changes in the urban heat intensity. Our results revealed that impervious surfaces had the largest impacts on surface urban heat island intensity, followed by the non-chlorophyllous vegetation and soil fraction. Moreover, the results indicated that the vegetation fraction can alleviate the occurrence of surface urban heat islands. These results reveal the impact of the land cover fractions on surface urban heat islands. Urban expansion generates impervious artificial objects that replace pervious natural objects, which causes an increase in land surface temperature and results in a surface urban heat island.

scholarly journals The Effects of Thermal−Spatial Behaviours of Land Covers on Urban Heat Islands in Semi-Arid Climates

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13824
Author(s):  
Moein Atri ◽  
Sahar Nedae-Tousi ◽  
Sina Shahab ◽  
Ebrahim Solgi
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Semi Arid

In recent decades, unsustainable urban development stemming from uncontrolled changes in land cover and the accumulation of population and activities have given rise to adverse environmental consequences, such as the formation of urban heat islands (UHIs) and changes in urban microclimates. The formation and intensity of UHIs can be influenced not only by the type of land cover, but also by other factors, such as the spatial patterns of thermal clusters (e.g., dimensions, contiguity, and integration). By emphasising the differences between semi-arid and cold-and-humid climates in terms of the thermal−spatial behaviours of various types of land cover in these climates, this paper aims to assess the behavioural patterns of thermal clusters in Tehran, Iran. To this end, the relationship between the land surface temperature (LST) and the types of land cover is first demonstrated using combined multispectral satellite images taken by Operational Land Imager (OLI), Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) of the Landsat8 and MODIS, and Sentinel satellites to determine LST and land cover. The effects of different behavioural patterns of thermal clusters on the formation of daytime urban heat islands are then analysed through spatial cross-correlation analysis. Lastly, the thermal behaviours of each cluster are separately examined to reveal how their spatial patterns, such as contiguity, affect the intensity and formation of UHI, with the assumption that each point in a contiguous surface may exhibit different thermal behaviours, depending on its distance from the edge or centre. The results of this study show that the daytime UHIs do not occur in the central parts of Tehran, and instead they are created in the surrounding layer, which mostly consists of barren cover. This finding contrasts with previous research conducted regarding cities located in cold-and-humid climates. Our research also finds that the more compact the hot and cool clusters are, the more contiguous they become, which leads to an increase in UHIs. The results suggest that for every 100 pix/km2 increase, the cluster temperature increases by approximately 0.7−1 °C. Additionally, placing cool clusters near or in combination with hot clusters interrupts the effect of the hot clusters, leading to a significant temperature reduction. The paper concludes with recommendations for potential sustainable and context-based solutions to UHI problems in semi-arid climates that relate to the determination of the optimal contiguity distance and land use integration patterns for thermal clusters.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation of Surface Urban Heat Islands in Relation to Land Cover Composition and Configuration: A Multi-Scale Case Study of Xi’an, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Lu ◽  
Qihao Weng ◽  
Da Xiao ◽  
Huadong Guo ◽  
Qingting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Surface Urban Heat Island

Urban heat islands (UHI) can lead to multiple adverse impacts, including increased air pollution, morbidity, and energy consumption. The association between UHI effects and land cover characteristics has been extensively studied but is insufficiently understood in inland cities due to their unique urban environments. This study sought to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of the thermal environment and their relationships with land cover composition and configuration in Xi’an, the largest city in northwestern China. Land cover maps were classified and land surface temperature (LST) was estimated using Landsat imagery in six time periods from 1995 to 2020. The variations of surface heat island were captured using multi-temporal LST data and a surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) indicator. The relationship between land cover features and land surface temperature was analyzed through multi-resolution grids and correlation analysis. The results showed that mean SUHII in the study area increased from 0.683 °C in 1995 to 2.759 °C in 2020. The densities of impervious surfaces had a stronger impact on LST than green space, with Pearson’s correlation coefficient r ranging from 0.59 to 0.97. The correlation between normalized difference impervious surface index and LST was enhanced with the enlargement of the grid cell size. The correlations between normalized difference vegetation index and LST reached maxima and stabilized at grid cell sizes of 210 and 240 m. Increasing the total area and aggregation level of urban green space alleviated the negative impacts of UHI in the study area. Our results also highlight the necessity of multi-scale analysis for examining the relationships between landscape configuration metrics and LST. These findings improved our understanding of the spatiotemporal variation of the surface urban heat island effect and its relationship with land cover features in a major inland city of China.

scholarly journals Study of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) Using Remote Sensing Data/Techniques: A Systematic Review

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Cátia Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Ana Cláudia Teodoro ◽  
Artur Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Number Of Publications

Urban Heat Islands (UHI) consist of the occurrence of higher temperatures in urbanized areas when compared to rural areas. During the warmer seasons, this effect can lead to thermal discomfort, higher energy consumption, and aggravated pollution effects. The application of Remote Sensing (RS) data/techniques using thermal sensors onboard satellites, drones, or aircraft, allow for the estimation of Land Surface Temperature (LST). This article presents a systematic review of publications in Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) on UHI analysis using RS data/techniques and LST, from 2000 to 2020. The selection of articles considered keywords, title, abstract, and when deemed necessary, the full text. The process was conducted by two independent researchers and 579 articles, published in English, were selected. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Cfa climate areas are the most represented, as the Northern Hemisphere concentrates the most studied areas, especially in Asia (69.94%); Landsat products were the most applied to estimates LST (68.39%) and LULC (55.96%); ArcGIS (30.74%) was most used software for data treatment, and correlation (38.69%) was the most applied statistic technique. There is an increasing number of publications, especially from 2016, and the transversality of UHI studies corroborates the relevance of this topic.

scholarly journals Assessment of Urban Heat Islands Based on the Relationship Between Land Surface Temperature and Land Use/Land Cover in Greater Doha

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simil Amir Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Urban heat islands (UHI) are areas with elevated temperatures occurring in cities compared to surrounding rural areas. This study realizes the lack of research regarding the trends of UHIs in desert countries and focuses on Doha. The research includes twelve months of two-time periods; 2000-2019. ArcGIS software was used to compute the land surface temperature (LST) of the city using Landsat images. Land use/land cover (LULC) maps were computed to show how the city has evolved in 19 years. 30 field samples were used to verify the accuracy of the LULC. Results showed UHI in Doha did not display similar pattern to that of cities in subtropical and temperate regions. Higher temperatures were prevalent in out-skirts comprising of barren and built-up areas with high population and no vegetation. Comparatively, the main downtown with artificially planted vegetation and shade from skyscrapers created cooler microclimates. The overall LST of greater Doha has increased by 0.7°C from 2000 to 2019. Furthermore %LULC of built up, vegetation, barren land, marsh land and water body were 29%, 4.5%, 58.6%, 2.8% and 5% in 2000 and 56.5 %, 8.2%, 33.2 %, 0% and 2.1% in 2019 respectively. Overall, there was an increase in built-up and vegetation decrease in water and barren areas and complete loss of marshland. Highest temperatures were recorded for marshland area in year 2000 and barren and built in year 2019. Transect profiles showed positive correlation between NDBI and LST and a negative correlation between NDVI and LST.

scholarly journals Mapping Land Surface Temperature Developments in Functional Urban Areas across Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2111
Author(s):  
Anna Hellings ◽  
Andreas Rienow
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Development Paths

Unsustainable development paths have reached critical levels in Europe. In recent years, in cities, urbanization has been contributing to the intensification of urban heat islands. To analyze the development of surface urban heat islands (SUHI) in Europe in the last few years, the present study combines the land surface temperature (LST) from MODIS with the urban classes of the CORINE land cover data within 617 functional urban areas (FUAs). Urban and industrial uses have significantly higher LST than green urban areas across all years (about 4 to 6 °C), as do agricultural areas within cities. Besides land cover, location also influences LST differences. While, e.g., Bolzano (Italy) shows particularly large LST differences (>6 °C) between the core and the commuting zone, this effect is hardly visible in Porto (Portugal) and Madrid (Spain) (<2.5 °C). Cities of moderate climates show increasing differences between a city and its commuting zones with rising LST (r = 0.68), i.e., less cooling effects at night.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Detailed Dynamics of Regional Thermal Environment in a Developing Urban Agglomeration

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Liu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Cheng Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Many studies have revealed the characteristics and spatial-temporal dynamics of the thermal environment in specific cities or urban agglomerations (UA), as well as the associated determining factors. However, few studies focus on the changing relationships (the difference, distance, interaction, etc.) among inner cities’ heat islands in a UA, which represent not only the detailed dynamics of regional thermal environment (RTE), but also the changing competition and cooperation among cities in a developing UA. In this study, we used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) products to map and analyze the detailed dynamics of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) UA thermal environment. From 2001 to 2015, the mean surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) of the BTH increased significantly, and the surface urban heat islands (SUHIs) in the southern BTH have rapidly increased, expanded and connected, eventually forming a large heat islands agglomeration. According to correlation analysis, urban sprawl probably led to the expansion and enhance of SUHIs in the south plain, while the forest has significantly alleviated urban heat island effect in northern mountains. The results expose the detailed evolution process of BTH thermal environment, and the changing relationships among the inner cities. In a developing UA, mitigation solutions (e.g., ecological corridors or controlling energy consumption) are in demand to stop the formation of a great heat region.

scholarly journals Developing land-cover driver model for estimating the intensity of surface urban heat islands using landsat 8 satellite imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Hoan ◽  
Nguyen Van Dung ◽  
Ho Le Thu ◽  
Hoa Thuy Quynh
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat

It is of utmost importance to understand and monitor the impact of urban heat islands on ecosystems and overall human health in the context of climate change and global warming. This research was conducted in a tropical city, Hanoi, with a major objective of assessing the quantitative relationships between the composition of the main land-cover types and surface urban heat island phenomenon. In this research, we analyzed the correlation between land-cover composition, percentage coverage of the land cover types, and land surface temperature for different moving window sizes or urban land management units. Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) satellite data was utilized for preparing land-cover composition datasets in inner Hanoi by employing the unsupervised image clustering method. High-resolution (30m) land surface temperature maps were generated for different days of the years 2016 and 2017 using Landsat 8 TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) images. High correlations were observed between percentage coverage of the land-cover types and land surface temperature considering different window sizes. A new model for estimating the intensity of surface urban heat islands from Landsat 8 imagery is developed, through recursively analyzing the correlation between land-cover composition and land surface temperature at different moving window sizes. This land-cover composition-driven model could predict land surface temperature efficiently not only in the case of different window sizes but also on different days. The newly developed model in this research provides a wonderful opportunity for urban planners and designers to take measures for adjusting land surface temperature and the associated effects of surface urban heat islands by managing the land cover composition and percentage coverage of the individual land-cover types.

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