scholarly journals From sub-optimal datasets to a CityGML-compliant 3D city model: experiences from Trento, Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-4 ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Agugiaro
Keyword(s):  
Stereo Matching ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Dense Stereo Matching ◽  
City Model ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
City Models

More and more cities are moving towards the creation and adoption of three-dimensional virtual city models as a means for data integration, harmonisation and storage. To this purpose, CityGML is an international standard conceived specifically as information and data model for semantic city models at urban and territorial scale. The automatic building reconstruction process, up to the Level of Detail 2 (LoD2) can be achieved nowadays nearly completely automatically and with a high degree of accuracy, provided that high quality input data (e.g. a dense DSM obtained from LiDAR or dense stereo-matching with 10÷15 pt/m<sup>2</sup> or better) are provided. This paper deals indeed with the creation of a CityGML-compliant, LoD2 city model starting from sub-optimal datasets and tries to address some of the issues tied with the use of sub-standard data – which however, represents a quite common case in “real life”. As study area, a part of the city of Trento, in the northern Alpine region of Italy, was chosen and contains about 2300 buildings of different typology, use and construction year. Only existing datasets were gathered and used.

AN EFFICIENT APPROACH FOR THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONTAINER PACKING PROBLEM WITH PRACTICAL CONSTRAINTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHIHONG JIN ◽  
KATSUHISA OHNO ◽  
JIALI DU
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Packing Problem ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Benchmark Problems ◽  
Rectangular Container ◽  
Efficient Packing ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Practical Constraints ◽  
Inherent Stability

This paper deals with the three-dimensional container packing problem (3DCPP), which is to pack a number of items orthogonally onto a rectangular container so that the utilization rate of the container space or the total value of loaded items is maximized. Besides the above objectives, some other practical constraints, such as loading stability, the rotation of items around the height axis, and the fixed loading (unloading) orders, must be considered for the real-life 3DCPP. In this paper, a sub-volume based simulated annealing meta-heuristic algorithm is proposed, which aims at generating flexible and efficient packing patterns and providing a high degree of inherent stability at the same time. Computational experiments on benchmark problems show its efficiency.

scholarly journals FIRST STEPS TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED CITYGML-BASED 3D MODEL OF VIENNA

2016 ◽  
Vol III-4 ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Agugiaro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
First Results ◽  
Sustainable Energy Systems ◽  
City Model ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City ◽  
City Models

This paper presents and discusses the results regarding the initial steps (selection, analysis, preparation and eventual integration of a number of datasets) for the creation of an integrated, semantic, three-dimensional, and CityGML-based virtual model of the city of Vienna. CityGML is an international standard conceived specifically as information and data model for semantic city models at urban and territorial scale. It is being adopted by more and more cities all over the world. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; The work described in this paper is embedded within the European Marie-Curie ITN project “Ci-nergy, Smart cities with sustainable energy systems”, which aims, among the rest, at developing urban decision making and operational optimisation software tools to minimise non-renewable energy use in cities. Given the scope and scale of the project, it is therefore vital to set up a common, unique and spatio-semantically coherent urban model to be used as information hub for all applications being developed. This paper reports about the experiences done so far, it describes the test area and the available data sources, it shows and exemplifies the data integration issues, the strategies developed to solve them in order to obtain the integrated 3D city model. The first results as well as some comments about their quality and limitations are presented, together with the discussion regarding the next steps and some planned improvements.

scholarly journals GEOMETRY-BASED REGULARISATION FOR DENSE IMAGE MATCHING VIA UNCERTAINTY-DRIVEN DEPTH PROPAGATION

2020 ◽  
Vol V-2-2020 ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Höllmann ◽  
M. Mehltretter ◽  
C. Heipke
Keyword(s):  
Stereo Matching ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Global Optimisation ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Triangle Mesh ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Smoothness Assumption ◽  
Dense Stereo Matching ◽  
Optimisation Methods

Abstract. In the present work, an uncertainty-driven geometry-based regularisation for the task of dense stereo matching is presented. The objective of the regularisation is the reduction of ambiguities in the depth reconstruction process, which exist due to the ill-posed nature of this task. Based on cost and uncertainty information computed beforehand, pixels are selected, whose depth information can be determined correctly with a high probability. This depth information assumed to be of high confidence is initially used to construct a triangle mesh, which is interpreted as surface approximation of the imaged scene and allows to propagate the confident depth information of the triangle vertices within local neighbourhoods. The proposed method further computes confidence scores for propagated depth estimates, which are used to fuse this depth information with the previously computed cost information, introducing a regularisation into the data term of global optimisation methods. Furthermore, based on the propagated depth information the local smoothness assumption of global optimisation methods is adjusted. Instead of fronto-parallel planes, the method presumes planes, which are parallel to the propagated depth information. The performance of the proposed regularisation approach is evaluated in combination with a global optimisation method. For a quantitative and qualitative evaluation two commonly employed and well-established stereo datasets are used. The proposed method shows significant improvements in accuracy on both datasets and for two different cost computation methods. Especially in unstructured areas, artefacts in the disparity maps are reduced.

scholarly journals Innovative Trends in Architecture – Creating Full-Scape Buildings with the 3D Print Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022099
Author(s):  
Serhii Ivanov-Kostetskyi ◽  
Inna Gumennyk ◽  
Ivanna Voronkova
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
3D Print ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Architectural Structures

Abstract Contemporary innovative 3D technologies and machinery to apply them in the 21st century have been dynamically developing and cover increasingly more aspects in the area of architecture when making buildings and structures for various purposes. In the recent years, in various parts of the world much focus has been made on the kind of 3D technologies such as printing real-life architectural structures on printers using the method of phased production by the digital three-dimensional model designed in advance for the architectural project. The paper considers various technologies and technical means, their advantages and flaws, and analyzes key areas of applying 3D printers in the process of implementing various architectural structures. The prospects are identified for the development of the highly efficient technology to construct buildings and structures. The functioning principles of 3D printers are described. We covered the developments of construction and architectural organizations in making structures with the help of 3D print. Key challenges have been identified in the practical application of 3D print when building the architectural structures; the ways to improve the technology in the future are presented. The authors analyzed the available technological solutions for 3D print in the process of constructing real architectural structures; presented the relevant data on technical parameters of the contemporary three-dimensional printers; the problems for the development of the technology have been conceptualized, as well as the choice of optimal materials and engineering structures with regard for peculiarities of selected methods of layer-wise extrusion or making buildings parts with their further assembling into the final structure. The paper presents a summary of basic notions in the 3D print area, it mentions key software programs that could help implement all stages of the architectural structures making process when constructing them. The authors suggested a list of traditional construction materials to create architectural projects such as mineral heavy weight concrete with the polymer disperse fiber and chemical additives to regulate the terms for hardening astringency, and the promising other materials to produce buildings such as structural glass, various kinds of plastics, ceramic alloys (produced through selective laser sintering), and salt as a basic material to make complex restoration works in the reconstruction process. The outcome of the undertaken theoretical and applied research is presented by the authors in the findings concluding about key benefits from using 3D printers in creating real architectural facilities for various functions, and the choice of an optimal 3D print method on the specific brand of manufacturing machinery with the most efficient software. The authors identified the application areas of the most optimal, economically and structurally justified construction materials fitting the selected technology to build an architectural structure on a 3D printer. The approach can help create relatively inexpensive, aesthetically and functionally interesting architectural facilities for various purposes. In the process of their construction, they entail minimum costs in terms of labor and material resources. It offers broad perspectives to apply 3D printers in the world’s architectural practices.

LPDT2 La Plissure du Texte 2

2013 ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Ayiter ◽  
Stefan Glasauer ◽  
Max Moswitzer
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Original Art ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Original Art Work ◽  
Art Installation ◽  
Multiple Identity ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Technological Means

This chapter will discuss the artistic processes involved in the creation of the three dimensional, virtual art installation La Plissure du Texte 2, which is the sequel to Roy Ascott’s ground breaking telematically networked art work La Plissure du Texte, created in 1983 and shown in Paris at the Musée de l’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris during that same year. While the underlying concepts of the original art work, as well as its capability of regenerating itself as an entirely novel manifestation based upon the concepts of distributed authorship, textual mobility, emergent semiosis, multiple identity, and participatory poesis will be underlined, the main focus of the text will be upon the creative strategies as well as the technological means through which the architecture was brought about in the contemporary creative environment of the metaverse. A further topic that will be covered is the challenge of exhibiting what is after all an art work that requires full virtual immersion to bring about a deep level experience and understanding of it, in the physical world, i.e. ‘Real Life’4—in a gallery or museum space in which such a virtual immersion cannot be readily obtained.

The Study on Urban Planning Based on 3D City Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 2490-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Yu Pang ◽  
Qing Yin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
Real Scene ◽  
City Model ◽  
Flood Simulations ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Real Places ◽  
City Models

One of the most important developments in GIS technology is the ability to extend two-dimensional analytical functionality into the third dimension. The approach of modeling objects for three-dimensional (3D) descriptions of the real world has been very useful for some urban applications such as planning, construction, management and representation of the urban sceneries. 3D city model is basically a computerized model or digital model of a city. Normally 3D city model delivers a true picture and real scene of the ground and enable the planners to view the locations of services and real places in an intuitive and use-friendly way. And there are many useful applications of 3D city model in urban planning analysis, noise propagation simulations and flood simulations. Nowadays, 3D city models play a more and more important role in GIS.

scholarly journals Creating Open Online Applications with Geospatial Interfaces - Case Study "Palvelututka"

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Juho-Pekka Virtanen ◽  
Arttu Julin ◽  
Kaisa Jaalama ◽  
Hannu Hyyppä
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Data Set ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
City Model ◽  
City Models

Three-dimensional city models are an increasingly common data set maintained by many cities globally. At the same time, the focus of research has shifted from their production to their utilization in application development. We present the implementation of a demonstrator application combining the online visualization of a 3D city information model with the data from an application programming interface. By this, we aim to demonstrate the combined use of city APIs and 3D geospatial assets, promote their use for application development and show the performance of existing, openly available tools for 3D city model application development

3D Reconstruction Based on Hexagonal Pixel’s Dense Stereo Matching

2010 ◽  
Vol 20-23 ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Tao Jiang ◽  
Qing Hui Xiao ◽  
Ling Hong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Matching ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Texture Mapping ◽  
Image Sequences ◽  
Feature Points ◽  
Feature Point Extraction ◽  
Dense Stereo Matching ◽  
New Feature

A new feature points extraction method is presented, which consider pixel as hexagonal. The method quasi increases the density of image pixel, expands the dynamic range of feature point extraction, increases the number of the features and resolves the problem of deformation of reconstruction which was leaded by lack of feature points. Firstly, the method was successful applied to sift operator of features extraction in this paper and then use dense stereo matching method to find the matching point of the image sequences. Secondly, through the RANSAC method to eliminate mistake matches, and by the camera matrix, calculate the corresponding points’ three-dimensional coordinates of space. Finally, the 3D model can be established through the partition merging triangulation method and texture mapping. Experimental results show that this method can get more accurate matches pairs and achieve a satisfactory effect of 3D reconstruction.

Defining Best 3D Practices in Archaeology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Galeazzi ◽  
Holley Moyes ◽  
Mark Aldenderfer
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Stereo Matching ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Dense Stereo Matching ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing

AbstractThis research aims to investigate the potential use of three-dimensional (3D) technologies for the analysis and interpretation of heritage sites. This article uses different 3D survey technologies to find the most appropriate methods to document archaeological stratigraphy, based on diverse environmental conditions, light exposures, and varied surfaces. The use of 3D laser scanners and dense stereo matching (DSM) techniques is now well established in archaeology. However, no convincing comparisons between those techniques have been presented. This research fills this gap to provide an accurate data assessment for the Las Cuevas site (Belize) and represents a starting point for the definition of a sharable methodology. Tests in Las Cuevas were conducted to compare both accuracy and density reliability in cave environments using two different techniques: triangulation light laser scanner and DSM. This study finds that DSM is the most economical, portable, and flexible approach for the 3D documentation of archaeological sites today. In fact, DSM allows the 3D documentation process to be done more efficiently, reducing both data acquisition and processing time. Nonetheless, the quantitative comparison presented in this paper underscores the need to integrate this technique with other technologies when the data acquisition of micro-stratigraphy is required.

scholarly journals HERITAGE HOUSE MAINTENANCE USING 3D CITY MODEL APPLICATION DOMAIN EXTENSION APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W6 ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Mohd ◽  
U. Ujang ◽  
T. Liat Choon
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Level Of Details ◽  
Domain Extension ◽  
City Model ◽  
City Models

Heritage house is part of the architectural heritage of Malaysia that highly valued. Many efforts by the Department of Heritage to preserve this heritage house such as monitoring the damage problems of heritage house. The damage problems of heritage house might be caused by wooden decay, roof leakage and exfoliation of wall. One of the initiatives for maintaining and documenting this heritage house is through Three-dimensional (3D) of technology. 3D city models are widely used now and much used by researchers for management and analysis. CityGML is a standard tool that usually used by researchers to exchange, storing and managing virtual 3D city models either geometric and semantic information. Moreover, it also represent multi-scale of 3D model in five level of details (LoDs) whereby each of level give a distinctive functions. The extension of CityGML was recently introduced and can be used for problems monitoring and the number of habitants of a house.

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